禁食禁水对新疆伊犁马生化指标及应激相关激素的影响

为探究禁食禁水双重应激对马匹机体的影响,试验选取8匹成年伊犁骟马,采用不完全拉丁方试验设计,分为禁食禁水组(禁食禁水49 h)和正常饲喂组(对照组),在试验过程中监测马匹基本生命体征、血液生化指标及应激相关激素含量的变化。结果表明,禁食禁水组心率在12~48 h均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),呼吸频率在48和49 h显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),血糖浓度在18、24和36 h均显著低于对照组(P< 0.05),血浆皮质醇水平在18、30和36 h均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),血浆抗利尿激素水平在48和49 h均显著高于对照组(P< 0.05),其他指标未见显著变化(P> 0.05)。由此可知,在禁食禁水双重应激情况下,马匹通过降低心血管活动、减少机体能量消耗、提高应激能力来维持基本生命活动。     

高海拔地区小尾寒羊及寒藏F1血液生理指标研究

对引入海北州西海镇的小尾寒羊种公羊及其寒藏F1血液生理指标进行了测定和对比研究。结果显示,小尾寒羊成年种公羊HGB、MCHC显著高于本地藏羊(P0.05),MCH极显著高于藏系种公羊(P0.01)。寒藏F1的HGB显著高于纯种藏系羔羊(P0.05),其它指标无显著差异。研究发现,小尾寒羊通过提高血红蛋白的浓度来抵抗高原缺氧环境,寒藏F1与本地藏系羔羊的血液生理指标趋于一致,具有良好的适应性。     

禁食时间对Beagle犬血液学指标的影响

目的:研究不同禁食时间对比格(Beagle)犬血液学指标的影响,并探讨雌性之间差异。方法:将24条Beagle犬(雌雄各半)分别禁食12h、15h及19h,运用常规方法和设备测定相应血液学指标。结果:(1)随着禁食时间的延长,Cl-、Na+含量在禁食15h及19h显著低于禁食12h(P<0.05或P<0.01);GLU呈现下降趋势,禁食19h显著低于禁食12h(P<0.05),雌性表现一致。(2)随着禁食时间的延长,RBC、HB、HCT及PLT等指标发生显著变化,其中:RBC、HB及HCT等指标逐渐增高,禁食19h时与禁食12h相比呈现极显著差异(P<0.01);PLT逐渐下降,禁食15h及19h时与禁食12h相比出现极显著差异(P<0.01),雌性表现一致。(3)不同禁食时间对雌雄Beagle犬血凝相关指标未产生明显影响(P>0.05)。结论:对于比格犬而言,无论雌雄,禁食时间的长短能够引起血液和血液生化某些指标的波动。禁食12h后,延长禁食时间主要影响血液Na+、Cl-、GLU等生化指标及RBC、HB、HCT及PLT血液生理指标,其中Na+、Cl-、GLU及PLT等指标呈现下降趋势,而RBC、HB及HCT等指标逐渐增高。     

注射胰岛素对不同品种鸡血糖浓度和采食情况的影响

本试验旨在探究注射胰岛素对不同品种鸡血糖浓度和采食情况的影响。试验1选用21日龄海兰蛋鸡(简称蛋鸡)、丝毛乌骨鸡(简称乌鸡)和爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡(简称肉鸡)雄性雏鸡各120只,随机各分为4组:胰岛素禁食组(n=60,其中12只鸡用来测定血糖浓度的动态变化,其余48只鸡在注射胰岛素后0、15、120和240 min时,每个时间点各屠宰12只鸡,收集颈静脉血液10 mL,用来测定血清胰岛素浓度)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)禁食组(n=12)、胰岛素喂食组(n=24)和PBS喂食组(n=24)。试验前禁食16 h,注射剂量为5 IU/kg的胰岛素或相同剂量的PBS,禁食各组在注射后继续保持禁食,并测定血糖浓度的动态变化;喂食各组在注射后立即恢复喂食,1/2鸡只用于测定血糖浓度的动态变化,1/2鸡只用于统计采食情况。试验2选用44日龄蛋鸡、乌鸡和肉鸡各48只,随机各分为2组:胰岛素组(n=24)和PBS组(n=24),试验前禁食16 h,注射剂量为2.3 IU/kg的胰岛素或相同剂量的PBS,注射120 min后恢复喂食,各组鸡1/2鸡只用于测定血糖浓度的动态变化,1/2鸡只用于统计采食情况。结果表明:1)禁食状态下,注射胰岛素可显著降低21日龄各品种鸡的血糖浓度(P0.05),且注射后15 min时各品种鸡的血糖浓度均已显著低于基础(0 min)血糖浓度(P0.05),且持续下降直到120 min时;肉鸡的血糖浓度与蛋鸡和乌鸡相比下降幅度更大,且120 min后血糖浓度恢复能力显著低于蛋鸡和乌鸡(P0.05);注射胰岛素后肉鸡不同时间点的血清胰岛素浓度均高于蛋鸡和乌鸡。2)与基础血糖浓度相比,21日龄时注射胰岛素后立即恢复喂食显著降低蛋鸡60和120 min时的血糖浓度(P0.05),显著提高肉鸡30和60 min时的血糖浓度(P0.05)。3)注射胰岛素后立即恢复喂食对21日龄各品种鸡240 min内的累积采食量无显著影响(P0.05),显著降低蛋鸡和乌鸡注射后120～240 min时的采食量(P0.05),显著提高肉鸡注射后30～60 min时的采食量(P0.05)。4)注射胰岛素后120 min恢复喂食显著降低44日龄各品种鸡的采食量(P0.05)。综上所述,各品种鸡对胰岛素的敏感性和血糖浓度响应变化存在差异,乌鸡和蛋鸡的血糖调控能力要优于肉鸡;注射胰岛素对鸡的采食量有显著影响,且对采食的影响存在品种差异。     

12月龄的贾洛羊生理生化指标测定

试验以四川省的1个西藏羊地方类群―贾洛羊为研究对象,选择其12月龄的公、母羊各5只,测定其生理指标、血液生理指标及血液生化指标。结果表明:12月龄贾洛羊的体温、呼吸频率及心率等生理指标在公、母羊间无显著差异;母羊的WBC血液生理指标显著高于羔羊(0.01P0.05),RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、PLT、RDW-SD、MPV、PCT、PDW和RDW-CV等指标在公、母羊间差异不显著(P0.05);ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、ALP、LDH、A/G、GLU、CHE和CHOL等血液生化指标在公、母羊间无显著差异(P0.05)。试验建立了12月龄段贾洛羊的生理指标和血液生理生化指标的参考值,为以后加强贾洛羊的饲养管理、疾病诊断、适应性及选育等提供参考依据。     

小尾寒羊、陶赛特羊二元杂交F_1羔羊和陶赛特羔羊血液指标、肉品质及产肉性能的比较分析

选取同等条件下饲养的健康、无异常、6月龄的小尾寒羊×陶赛特羊二元羔羊和陶赛特羔羊作为实验动物并对其进行血液生理生化检测、肉品质及产肉性能的研究。试验结果表明,6月龄血常规结果显示,除了二元杂交羊羔的平均红细胞体积与陶赛特羔羊有显著差异之外,其他各项指标都与陶赛特羔羊无显著差异;血液生化指标结果显示,二元杂交的羔羊碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、白蛋白与陶赛特羔羊的相应指标差异显著;在相同饲养条件下,6月龄二元杂交羔羊的屠宰体重比陶赛特羔羊高2%以上(P0.05),屠宰率高3.32%以上(P0.05),6月龄二元杂交羔羊的眼肌面积比陶赛特羔羊高6.07%(P0.05),6月龄二元杂交羔羊的屠宰性能和产肉潜力均略高于陶赛特羔羊。     

饲粮硝酸钾对湖羊瘤胃硝态氮浓度和瘤胃发酵特性的影响

本试验采用单因子试验设计,旨在研究湖羊饲粮中添加0、0.5％和1.0％硝酸钾对湖羊瘤胃硝态氮浓度、瘤胃发酵特性及血液指标的影响.喂后0、0.5、1、1.5、2、4、6和8h通过瘤胃瘘管采集瘤胃液,测定硝酸盐(NO;)、亚硝酸盐(NOi)浓度以及瘤胃发酵参数;同时,喂后2h颈静脉采血测定血液指标.结果表明:1)瘤胃液NO3和NOj浓度分别在喂后1和2h达到最大值,之后迅速降低,至6～8h趋近于0;2)与对照组相比,1.0％组在喂后2、6和8h的pH显著提高(P＜0.05),1、1.5和2h的氨态氮浓度显著增加(P＜0.05);同时,显著提高喂后1.5h原虫蛋白和总微生物蛋白质浓度及喂后4、8h乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度(P＜0.05),降低喂后0.5h、2～6h丁酸浓度(P＜0.05),瘤胃发酵模式倾向于乙酸发酵;3)添加硝酸钾对湖羊血清生化指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05),且未检测到血液高铁血红蛋白(＜0.1％).由此可知,湖羊饲粮中添加低水平硝酸钾可促进瘤胃微生物蛋白质的合成且未达到NOi中毒剂量.     

氨化麦秸对羔羊生产性能和生理生化指标影响的研究

选24只甘肃高山细毛羊当年羯羔,随机分成3组,分别饲喂基础日粮+氨化麦秸(Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+尿素+未处理麦秸(Ⅱ组)和基础日粮+未处理麦秸(Ⅲ组),饲喂50 d。测定羔羊的生产性能和16项生理生化指标。结果表明,Ⅰ组日增重和羊毛产量都显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,日增重分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组提高44.95%(P<0.05)和181.46%(P<0.01),羊毛产量分别比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组提高31.16%(P<0.01)和115.27%(P<0.01)。羔羊体温、心率、呼吸及血液生化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。表明用氨化麦秸或直接添加尿素饲喂羔羊对其生理代谢无不良影响。     

粪菌移植法治疗非特异病原性羔羊腹泻的效果初报

羔羊腹泻是一种常发生于新生和断奶阶段,且能够导致羔羊生长迟滞甚至死亡的消化道疾病。粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT)技术在反刍幼畜消化道疾病防治上鲜有研究。本研究采用FMT对腹泻羔羊进行治疗并与不同抗生素药物治疗进行对比,探索FMT对吮乳期羔羊腹泻的治疗效果。试验选择日龄(24±2) d、体重(6.12±1.01) kg、临床散发的具有典型腹泻症状的吮乳期羔羊60只(公母各半)以及健康羔羊10只(公母各半),分为健康对照组(HC)、腹泻对照组(SC)、粪菌移植治疗组(FMT)、庆大霉素治疗组(GM)、恩诺沙星治疗组(ENR)、庆大霉素+粪菌移植治疗组(GM+FMT)以及恩诺沙星+粪菌移植治疗组(ENR+FMT),测定腹泻羔羊腹泻治愈天数、日增重以及羔羊生理生化指标及相关炎性因子指标。结果表明:1)腹泻羔羊平均日增重、红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、淋巴细胞比例和肌酐浓度均显著低于健康对照组羔羊(P0.05),而平均血红蛋白浓度和炎性因子均显著高于健康对照组(P0.05);2)与SC组相比,经过5种方法治疗,除GM+FMT组外,FMT、ENR、ENR+FMT和GM组均显著降低治愈天数(P0.05)。ENR组还显著提高腹泻羔羊日增重(P0.05);3)与SC组相比,FMT治疗可显著提升腹泻羔羊血液中血红蛋白含量和血液淋巴细胞数量(P0.05);4)经FMT、ENR和GM+FMT治疗后,各种炎性因子均显著下降到健康组羔羊水平。结果表明,FMT能够有效治愈羔羊腹泻症状,血液生理生化功能得到改善,抑制了炎性反应,显著降低腹泻率。FMT有望作为一种抗生素替代方法应用于羔羊腹泻防治实践。     

成年贾洛羊的生理生化指标测定

本试验以四川省的一个地方藏绵羊类群——贾洛羊为研究对象,选择36月龄公、母羊各5只,测定其生理指标、血液生理指标及血液生化指标。结果显示:36月龄贾洛羊的体温、呼吸频率及心率等生理指标在公、母羊间无显著差异;WBC、RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、PLT、RDW-SD、MPV、PCT、PDW和RDW-CV等血液生理指标在公、母羊间差异不显著(P0.05);公羊的ALP和GLU等血液生化指标显著高于母羊(P0.05),母羊的CHOL显著高于公羊(P0.05),ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、LDH、A/G和CHE等生化指标在公、母羊间差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

Effect of short-term fasting on plasma concentrations of leptin and other hormones and metabolites in dairy cattle

We determined the effects of short-term fasting and refeeding on temporal changes in plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), in early lactating cows, non-lactating pregnant cows, and postpubertal heifers. In experiment 1, Holstein cows in early lactation were either fed ad libitum (Control, n=5) or feed deprived for 48 h (Fasted, n=6). Plasma leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations rapidly declined (P<0.05) within 6h, and IGF-1 by 12h, but all these variables sharply returned to control levels (P>0.10) within 2h of refeeding. Plasma NEFA and GH concentrations were elevated (P<0.05) by 4 and 36 h of fasting and returned to control levels (P>0.10) by 8 and 24h after refeeding, respectively. In experiment 2, four ruminally cannulated pregnant non-lactating Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design and were fasted for 48 h (Fasted) or fasted with partial evacuation of rumen contents (Fasted-Evac). The plasma variables measured did not differ (P>0.10) between Fasted and Fasted-Evac cows. Plasma leptin, insulin, and IGF-1 concentrations were reduced by 10, 6, and 24h of fasting, respectively, in Fasted-Evac cows; and these variables were reduced by 24h in Fasted cows (P<0.05). Plasma glucose levels were reduced (P<0.05) by 48 h of fasting in both groups of fasted animals. Plasma NEFA and GH levels were increased (P<0.05) by 12 and 48 h of fasting, respectively. In experiment 3, postpubertal Holstein heifers were either fed ad libitum (Control, n=4) or feed deprived for 72 h (Fasted, n=5). Concentrations of leptin, insulin, IGF-1, and glucose in plasma were reduced (P<0.05) by 24, 10, 24, and 48 h of fasting, respectively. Plasma NEFA concentrations increased (P<0.05) by 4h, of fasting while GH levels were not significantly (P>0.10) affected by fasting. Collectively, our data provide evidence that plasma leptin concentrations are reduced with short-term fasting and rebound on refeeding in dairy cattle with the response dependent on the physiological state of the animals. Compared to the rapid induction of hypoleptinemia with fasting of early lactation cows, the fasting-induced hypoleptinemia was delayed in non-lactating cows and postpubertal heifers.     

Effects of fasting and refeeding on plasma concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, growth hormone and metabolites in swine

The effects of nutritional status, such as fasting and refeeding, on leptin and ghrelin secretion in swine were examined. The swine (n = 4) were fasted for 54 h and plasma hormone levels were measured before, during and after fasting. Plasma leptin and insulin concentrations began to decrease 12 and 6 h into the fasting period, respectively (P < 0.05), and maintained a low level for the remaining period of fasting. Plasma leptin and insulin returned to the pre‐fasting value 6 and 12 h after refeeding, respectively. Plasma ghrelin concentrations showed a nocturnal periodicity during the fasting period; it increased nocturnally at 36 and 42 h into the fasting period (P < 0.05). Plasma growth hormone levels did not show any remarkable changes during the fasting. Plasma glucose levels showed a modest fall during fasting and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 24 h into the fasting period, returning to pre‐fasting levels after refeeding. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels increased (P < 0.05) at 12 h into the fasting period and returned to the pre‐fasting level 6 h after refeeding. These results indicate that plasma leptin, insulin and ghrelin play an important role in maintaining energy homeostasis in swine. The plasma ghrelin did not continuously increase, but showed nocturnal periodicity during fasting. This may suggest that ghrelin is also involved in physiological processes other than energy homeostasis.     

Exercise-induced alterations in plasma concentrations of ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and cortisol in horses

Six Standardbred (STB) mares (11+/-2 years, 521+/-77 kg; means+/-SD) performed an exercise trial (EX) where they underwent an incremental exercise test (GXT) as well as a parallel control trial (CON) to test the hypothesis that short-term, high intensity exercise would alter plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin and cortisol. Plasma samples were taken before (0 min), during (last 10s at 6, 8m/s, and the velocity eliciting VO(2max)), and after exercise (2, 10, 30, 60 min; 12 and 24h post-GXT). A second set of blood samples was collected before and after an afternoon meal given at 1515 h (at 1500, 1514, 1530, and 1545 h). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's test. During the GXT, there were no changes (P>0.05) in the plasma concentrations of glucose, leptin, adiponectin or ghrelin. However, there was a 29% increase (P<0.05) in mean plasma cortisol concentration and a 35% decrease (P<0.05) in mean plasma insulin concentration. Substantial increases (P<0.05) in the mean plasma concentrations of glucose and cortisol of 36% and 102%, respectively, were seen in the EX trial during the first 60 min post-GXT. Plasma leptin concentration, measured at the 24h post-GXT time point, was 20% lower (P<0.05) during the EX trial compared with the parallel time point in the standing control (CON) trial. Plasma ghrelin concentration was 37% lower (P<0.05) in the EX trial compared with CON before and after the afternoon meal, but was 43% higher (P<0.05) 12h post-GXT. There were no differences between EX and CON for plasma concentrations of insulin or adiponectin during recovery. It was concluded that short-term high intensity exercise alters plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in STB mares post-exercise, which may signal the exercised animals to alter energy intake.     

Ghrelin在绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中对BCL-2、BAX的mRNA表达的影响

为了探讨Ghrelin在绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中与BCL-2、BAX的相关性及Ghrelin在绵羊卵母细胞成熟过程中可能的作用机理,试验在绵羊卵母细胞成熟液中添加500 ng/mL Ghrelin,采用实时荧光定量PCR分别在0,8,16,24小时时检测卵母细胞BCL-2、BAX的表达量。结果表明:试验组添加Ghrelin后8,16小时时卵母细胞BCL-2 mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05),但成熟后16,24小时时较8小时时有下降趋势;下降到24小时时,其表达量与0小时时没有显著变化(P>0.05);8,16小时时试验组与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05),0,24小时时差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组添加Ghrelin后8,16,24小时卵母细胞BAX mRNA相对表达量较0小时时下降,且差异显著(P<0.05),但成熟后16,24小时时与8小时时比较有上升趋势;在8,16小时时试验组较对照组BAX mRNA相对表达量均有所下降,且差异有显著性(P<0.05),而在0,24小时时差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明Ghrelin在绵羊卵母细胞成熟过程中与BCL-2和BAX的表达存在相关性,推测Ghrelin在卵母细胞成熟过程中存在积极调控作用。     

鹅禁食时间对肠食糜排空及代谢能测值的影响

48只青年鹅用于评定禁食时间对肠食糜排空和代谢能测值的影响。强饲玉米、豆饼或苜蓿粉后,分别于12,24或36小时将鹅宰杀,测定素囊、肌腺胃、盲肠、小肠及直肠内容物,并以禁食96小时肠内容物作为代谢性干物质,计算食糜滞留率。结果表明,(1)强饲玉米后禁食12小时,总食糜滞留率稍高于禁食24及36小时(P>0.05);(2)强饲豆饼后禁食12小时,总食糜滞留率(19.83％)显著地高于禁食24及36小时(分别为7.18％和5.82％)(P<0.01),其主要滞留部位是小肠;(3)强饲苜蓿粉后禁食12小时,总食糜滞留率(12.23％)显著地高于禁食24及36小时(分别为5.16％和4.99％)(P<0.05),其主要滞留部位是肌胃。(4)代谢能测定结果表明,禁食12小时玉米代谢能值与禁食24,36小时基本一致。配合料、苜蓿粉代谢能测值,禁食12小时高于24及36小时,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。豆饼代谢能测值,禁食12小时显著高于24及36小时(P<0.05)。     

长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响

为研究长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响,随机选取12头、平均体重（292.1±38.2）kg的西门塔尔牛,在最高气温30℃下,经过36 h、1 450 km的敞篷卡车运输,运输前后称重并采集颈静脉血样,测定其体重及血液生化指标的变化情况。结果表明：①与运输前体重相比,经36 h、1 450 km运输后,试验牛平均体重极显著降低（P<0.01）,由292.1 kg降低到262.8 kg,体重损失10.03%。②与运输前相比,运输36 h时西门塔尔牛血清皮质醇（COR）含量显著提高（P<0.05）、血糖（GLU）水平极显著增高（P<0.01）,运输后7~14 d下降到运输前水平（P>0.05）;运输应激对血清胆固醇水平无显著影响（P>0.05）。③运输应激极显著提高了西门塔尔牛血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）含量（P<0.01）,显著提高血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量（P<0.05）,运输后7~14 d下降到运输前或更低水平（P>0.05）;运输应激对血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,长途运输可显著降低肉牛的体重和抑制机体免疫机能,经长途运输后的西门塔尔牛需要约14 d的恢复期。     

Effect of Sugar on in vitro Maturation and Developmental Competence of Yak Oocytes

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different types and different concentrations of sugar on in vitro maturation(IVM) and developmental competence of yak oocytes, for being further research and optimization culture system of yak oocytes for efficient maturity yak oocytes and productivity of embryos. Immature yak oocytes were matured in vitro on culture medium with different concentrations (0,5 and 10 mmol/L) of glucose and sucrose in incubator for 24 h or 2 h pretreament with sugar and 22 h without sugar. Subsequently, then the maturation of oocytes,the cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates after in vitro fertilization(IVF) were evaluated. The results showed that a medium with 5 and 10 mmol/L glucose IVM could significantly increase the yak oocytes maturation and cleavage (P<0.05), and the highest blastocyst formation rates in 10 mmol/L glucose group was significantly higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05).10 mmol/L sucrose could increase significantly the nucleus maturation rates (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of the blastocyst formation rates after IVF between 0 and 10 mmol/L sucrose (P>0.05). Furthermore, the nucleus maturation rates,IVF cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates of yak oocytes which pretreated with 10 mmol/L glucose were the highest in these groups, and were higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). It manifested that the appropriate concentration of sugar could improve the quality of yak oocytes and embryos in vitro developmental competence, so it influenced in vitro development of yak oocytes indirectly.     

上海水牛生理生化指标的测定和分析

为研究上海水牛生理生化指标含量,选取精神良好、健康的上海水牛犊牛(1岁内)、青年牛(1-2岁)、成年牛(3岁以上),测定了生理指标、血液生理生化指标含量。结果显示,上海水牛的体重随月龄的增加显著增加(P＜0.05),而呼吸频率、心率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在检测的22项血液生理指标含量中,有10项指标(平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、淋巴细胞百分比(%LYM)、单核细胞百分比(%MONO)、中性粒细胞百分比(%NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(%EOS)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、单核细胞(MONO))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余12项指标(红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、网织红细胞百分比(%RETIC)、网织红细胞(RETIC)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(%BASO)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞(BASO)、血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在检测的18项血液生化指标含量中,有9项指标(血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、磷离子(PHOS)、钙离子(Ca)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLOB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、胰淀粉酶(AMYL))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余9项指标(尿素(UREA)、血尿素氮/肌酐比(BUN/CREA)、白蛋白(ALB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比(ALB/GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、甘油三酯(TRIG)、脂肪酶(LIPA))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。该研究可为上海水牛的选种选育、生长发育评估、营养状况评估、疾病诊断等提供参考。     

饲用油菜混合青贮对湖羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲用油菜与其他粗饲料混合青贮对湖羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取200只湖羊公羔（3月龄）随机等分为两组,分别饲喂玉米青贮全混合日粮（对照组）和油菜混合青贮日粮（试验组）,试验期90 d。试验结束时每组随机挑选10只湖羊屠宰,测定其屠宰性能和肉品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组湖羊胴体重、背膘厚和眼肌面积等屠宰性能无显著变化（P>0.05）;肝脏重极显著增高（P<0.01）,肾脏重显著增高（P<0.05）;宰后45 min、24 h背最长肌的红度值（a_{45 min24 h}^*）极显著降低（P<0.01）;背最长肌中山嵛酸（C22：0）含量显著增高（P<0.05）,花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）、二十二碳六烯酸（C22：6n3）及n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）;其他肉质性状指标及脂肪酸组成均无显著差异（P>0.05）。以上结果表明,以饲用油菜混合青贮为粗饲料饲喂湖羊,可以达到与传统全株玉米青贮相近的效果,对湖羊的屠宰性能和肉品质没有不利影响,为饲用油菜在养羊业上的应用提供了理论依据。     

Preference for condensed tannins by sheep in response to challenge infection with Haemonchus contortus

Herbivores prefer feeds that supply required nutrients and avoid those with excess nutrients and plant secondary compounds (PSC). Nevertheless, PSC such as condensed tannins can provide beneficial medicinal effects to herbivores as they act against infective diseases such as parasitism. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if parasitized lambs increased preference for a tannin-rich feed after they experienced the beneficial antiparasitic effects of condensed tannins relative to parasitized lambs that did not experience such benefits, and (2) if preference for the tannin-rich feed in the former group decreased when parasite burdens subsided. Twenty two lambs were familiarized with beet pulp and beet pulp+8% quebracho tannins (beet pulp+tannins) and choices were given between the two feeds (initial preference tests). Subsequently, all animals were dosed with 10,000 L(3) stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-two days later, animals were exposed to beet pulp (Control group; n=11) or beet pulp+tannins (Treatment group; n=11) during 24 d. After exposure (during a parasitic infection) animals in both groups were given choices between the two feeds. Lastly, animals in both groups received an antiparasitic drench and were again given a choice between both feeds (after a parasitic infection). Lambs preferred beet pulp to beet pulp+tannins throughout the study (P<0.001) and no difference in preference for the tannin-rich feed was detected between groups during initial preference tests (P>0.05). However, during a parasitic infection, intake of and preference for the tannin-rich feed was higher for lambs that experienced the beneficial effects of condensed tannins while parasitized (Treatment) than for lambs that did not (Control) (P<0.05). When parasitic infections were terminated by chemotherapy, differences between groups disappeared (P>0.05). Preference by the Treatment group for the tannin-rich feed was lower after than during a parasite infection (P<0.05). In contrast, preference by the Control group did not change during these periods (P>0.05). Lambs in the Treatment group displayed lower FEC than lambs in the Control group (Group × Sampling Date; P<0.05). These results show lambs learned about the antiparasitic effects of condensed tannins and increased their preference for the tannin-rich feed, which subsided after chemotherapy, indicating preference was due to parasite infection. These findings suggest management that allows animals to select tannin-rich feeds can enable parasitized animals to self-medicate.