绝经后骨质疏松动物模型研究的进展

本综述了绝经后骨质疏松动物模型复制的基本方法、模型评价指标及各类动物模型研究进展，并对各类动物模型中的优、缺点及存在的主要问题进行了探讨。     

医用粘合剂体表切口封闭性能研究

目的 评价医用粘合剂在体表切口的封闭性能。方法 以巴马小型猪为试验动物模型,通过制备体表切口的方法,评价试验样品医用粘合剂用于体表切口封闭的效果。以切口愈合时间、有无开裂及组织病理学观察为评价指标,观察试验样品在体表切口封闭愈合的过程中是否具有安全性及有效性,比较两组伤口感染和愈合时间,并比对病理结果。结果 医用粘合剂用于体表切口粘合时,在表皮粘合效果、愈合成型方面均优于空白组,切口愈合时间及其他指标比较无明显差异;试验样品在病理组织中的瘢痕形成和炎症细胞浸润方面优于空白样品。结论 医用粘合剂体表切口封闭性能良好,可为临床应用提供依据。     

SD大鼠骨关节炎造模方法的筛选及优化探究

通过几种具有代表性的造模方法诱导膝关节骨性关节炎动物模型,筛选出理想的骨性关节炎造模方法。将32只SPF级健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、手术组、关节腔注射1组、关节腔注射2组,每组8只。手术组:Hulth造模法复制膝骨性关节炎动物模型,切断右侧膝交叉及内侧副韧带;关节腔注射1组:右侧注射4%木瓜蛋白酶溶液0.3 mL;关节腔注射2组:右侧注射1 g/L碘乙酸钠溶液0.1 mL。于术后第4周抽取关节液作一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)测定;处死动物,采用骨性关节炎软骨病理变化评价系统(OARSI)评价关节软骨的病变;采用光镜观察软骨细胞生长情况;运用免疫组化法测定关节软骨中基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)的含量,对比各组数据。术后第4周,手术组病理改变OARSI评分、软骨细胞的MMP-1阳性表达和关节液中的NO、PGE2,与关节腔注射组相比均有极显著性差异(P<0.01);关节腔注射1组与关节腔注射2组相比,各项指标水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验结果提示:手术组Hulth造模法复制膝骨性关节炎动物模型(通过切断右侧膝交叉及内侧副韧带建立骨性关节炎动物模型)是建立膝关节骨性关节炎动物模型的理想方法。     

肝损伤动物模型研究进展

肝脏易受多种病原体、毒物及免疫病理累及。已知多种因素可导致肝损伤，如病毒、酒精和药物等。建立实验性肝损伤动物模型，可以为探知肝脏疾病的病因、病理生理以及疗效判断提供有用的工具。现将近几年来国内外对实验性肝损伤动物模型的研究情况作一综述。     

中医动物模型研制方法研究进展

中医动物模型是指根据中医病因病机理论,利用特定的致病因素,在动物身上复制出与人体疾病症状和病理改变相同或相似的证候。通过对动物疾病模型的研究,探讨证的实质,解释辨证论治的基本规律,规范中药及方剂的使用,使实验中医学与临床有机结合起来。动物模型是中医规范化、客观化、科学化的重要实验研究手段。本文就中医证候动物模型的研制方法作一综述。     

花粉过敏动物模型的研究进展

花粉等植物性过敏原导致的各类变态反应性疾病逐年高发,成为全球性公共卫生问题和各国政府日益关注的环境与健康风险。花粉过敏动物模型是研究植物源过敏性疾病的发生及其过敏机制等的关键环节,可为花粉过敏机制及相关研究提供重要依据,也可对花粉过敏原进行有效准确的评价和检测,推动防治策略研究。文章围绕花粉过敏动物模型的品系种类、模型构建方法、繁育策略、检测与评价等方面的研究资料进行综述,通过总结近年来花粉过敏动物模型研究的优缺点及其应用情况,为建立适宜的花粉过敏研究实验动物模型及其相关的基础和应用研究提供参考。     

子宫肌瘤动物模型研究概况

子宫肌瘤是一种由平滑肌病变引起的良性单克隆肿瘤,目前子宫肌瘤的病因尚未明确,实验动物模型作为研究子宫肌瘤的主要工具,对阐明其发生、发展机制,研究药物治疗手段尤为重要。通过对近年来国内外相关文献的查阅及整理,总结了子宫肌瘤相关的致病因素及建立子宫肌瘤动物模型的方法。该研究进展对子宫肌瘤自发性动物模型、诱发性动物模型、异种移植动物模型以及基因工程动物模型进行概述,并对其优缺点进行探讨,旨在为科研人员建立更科学、严谨、实用的子宫肌瘤动物模型提供参考,为研究子宫肌瘤的发病机制以及治疗提供新的思路。     

敲除牛磺酸转运体的小鼠心肌及骨骼肌异常表现

牛磺酸是一种含β-氨基的氨基酸,在心脏及骨骼肌中均具有较高的含量。牛磺酸具有多种生物活性,例如离子转运,钙调节以及在心肌及骨骼肌中起细胞保护的作用。同时,在猫和狐狸中发现,牛磺酸缺乏会导致各种病理现象的出现,包括心肌肥大。然而,牛磺酸缺失引起病理过程中所起的基本作用还没有完全弄清楚。为了阐明牛磺酸在哺乳动物组织中所起的生理作用,最近建立牛磺酸转运体毃除的动物模型。毃除牛     

猪附红细胞体实验动物模型的建立

为建立一种合适的猪附红细胞体病动物模型，利用摘除脾和／或注射地塞米松的昆明小白鼠，以腹腔注射方式人工感染猪附红细胞体，通过血液涂片镜检、PCR检测、临床症状观察及病理剖检对感染情况进行了鉴定。结果显示，猪附红细胞体能够经腹腔注射感染昆明小白鼠，且感染鼠表现出与猪附红细胞体病相似的临床症状。结果表明，猪附红细胞体实验动物模型已成功建立，并证实啮齿类动物在附红细胞体的传播过程中发挥着重耍作用。     

骨质疏松动物模型研究进展

骨质疏松动物模型是骨质疏松症实验研究中不可缺少的研究材料。动物模型的病因、发病机理、病理变化及症状应尽量与临床接近。去卵巢动物模型是目前最常用的绝经后骨质疏松动物模型,且与临床绝经后骨质疏松症比较相似。SAMP6 小鼠是仅有的一种能证明增龄性骨脆性骨折的实验动物,是研究老年性骨质疏松症的较实用的动物模型。睾丸切除鼠骨质疏松动物模型是研究男性骨质疏松症的重要工具。内分泌代谢性、营养缺乏性、药物性、废用性骨质疏松等继发性骨质疏松动物模型常根据其原发病的情况制作,其病理变化与临床接近。研究者应根据自己的研究范围,选择合适的动物模型。     

Research Progress on Animal Models of Bama Miniature Pigs in the Field of Medicine

Bama miniature pigs, which are local high-quality species of China, have the advantages of genetic stability, ideal hair distribution, microsomatia, prolificacy, low fodder demand, strong disease resistance, and they are similar to human beings in aspects of physiology, anatomical structure, drug metabolism, biochemical indicators, disease mechanism, etc. Bama miniature pigs have been used in the wide fields of medical research, such as cardiovascular system, skin plastic, endocrine and metabolism, digestive system, oral medicine, heterograft, Chinese medicine, anesthesiology, nervous system, etc., and been applied to establish the animal models which are similar to human diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, coronary micro-embolization, atrial septal defect, atherosclerosis, skin injury, transdermal drug, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and complications, obstructive jaundice, chronic pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver radiofrequency ablation, periodontal tissue inflammation, mandibular defect, heterogeneous organ/cell transplantation, syndrome of Chinese medicine, anesthesia, cerebral ischemia, stent implantation, shock, etc. Bama miniature pigs, as an ideal experimental animal, have broad application prospects in biomedical research.In this article,we mainly summarized the progress of Bama miniature pigs in the field of medicine, to understand the types, construction methods and pathological characteristics of Bama miniature pigs disease models, which contribute to further explore the specific etiology, pathogenesis, complications, prevention and control measures, etc., and laid the scientific foundation for expanding the research scope and improving the medical level.     

巴马小型猪动物模型在医学领域的研究进展

巴马小型猪是中国原产地闭锁繁殖的优质品种,具有遗传稳定性、理想的毛色分布、体型小、多产性、饲养要求低、抗病力强等优势,且在生理学、解剖结构、药物代谢、生化指标和疾病发生机制等方面与人类相似,已用于心血管、皮肤整形、内分泌及代谢、消化、口腔医学、异种移植、中医、麻醉学、神经系统等广泛医学领域的研究,建立了心肌缺血、冠脉微栓塞、卵圆孔未闭、动脉粥样硬化、皮肤创伤、经皮给药、代谢综合征、糖尿病及其并发症、梗阻性黄疸、慢性胰腺炎、肝硬化、肝脏射频消融、牙周组织炎症、下颌骨缺损、异种器官/细胞移植、中医征候、手术麻醉、脑缺血、支架植入、休克等一系列类似于人类疾病的动物模型,表明巴马小型猪作为理想的试验动物在生物医学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。作者综述了巴马小型猪作为试验动物在各医学领域的应用进展,了解现有巴马小型猪疾病模型的种类、构建方法及病理特征,有助于进一步探索具体的病因、发病机制、并发症和防制手段等,为拓展研究范围、提高医学水平奠定了科学基础。     

急性肺损伤动物模型的研究现状

急性肺损伤是现代危重医学的一大难题,发病机制尚未完全阐明,制备动物模型是研究急性肺损伤发病机制的基础,也是其研究的一个热点和难点。作者综述了目前急性肺损伤动物模型的研究现状。     

Pathological changes caused by Anoplocephala perfoliata in the mucosa/submucosa and in the enteric nervous system of equine ileocecal junction

In this study, pathological changes caused by Anoplocephala perfoliata in the ileocecal junction were investigated in 31 regularly slaughtered mixed-breed horses of both sexes. Our results showed a significant relationship between parasite burden and grading of histopathological lesions in the mucosa and submucosa. Hypertrophy of the circular muscle layer was found in infected horses. Moreover, enteric nervous system evaluation showed a significant injury of intestinal nervous elements in the horses with moderate to high parasitism expressed as an increase of degenerative-regressive changes in neuronal cells and a decrease in the number of myenteric ganglia and neuronal cells. These findings can help to clarify the pathogenesis of intestinal motility disorders associated with A. perfoliata infection in horses.     

Principles of neurological imaging of exotic animal species.

Because the central nervous system (CNS) is encased almost entirely in bone, the means by which the clinician can evaluate it are limited. Additionally, the small size of many exotic companion animals further complicates diagnostic evaluation of the brain and spinal cord. Knowledge of the advantages and limitations of different imaging modalities, along with the neuroanatomical localization and assessment of likely causes of disease, will permit the clinician to choose the most appropriate imaging method for the patient. This article discusses the basic imaging principles of radiology, myelography, CT, and MRI of the nervous system of companion exotic animals to aid exotic animal clinicians in selecting imaging modalities and interpreting the results.     

Evaluation of the feed intake models in the Nordic feed evaluation system NorFor

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feed intake models in the Nordic feed evaluation system NorFor. Data from 196 feeding experiments with dairy cows, and 17 experiments of periodical data, and 135 experiments of complete data with growing cattle were used in the evaluation by mixed model regression. The feed intake by both dairy cows and growing cattle were overestimated by the models. A linear bias indicated that over prediction increased with level of intake both by dairy cows and growing cattle. Most animal and diet factors were significantly related to the residuals, which indicated that those factors did not act independently in the predictions of feed intake. This kind of errors can restrict future ration formulation and animal performance, since animal production parameters included in the prediction models will be a consequence of the diet fed at the time they were measured.     

Aggression in Dogs and Associated Neuropathology

The central nervous systems of eight dogs with behavioral changes were compared. Three had pathological lesions involving the limbic system. The nervous system and, in particular, the limbic system should be examined as a possible site for lesions in dogs with a history of behavioral changes.     

γ-氨基丁酸及其在畜禽生产中的研究进展

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA)是一种在动物体内起神经镇定作用的非蛋白质氨基酸,广泛存在于哺乳动物中枢神经系统、外周神经系统和一些内分泌细胞中,是一种重要的神经抑制性递质,对提高畜禽采食量、泌乳量、成活率、抗应激、降低呼吸频率、缩短发情间隔等方面有着显著的效果。作者对GABA的制备、生理功能及在畜禽生产中的研究现状作了简要综述。     

Pathological changes caused by Anoplocephala perfoliata in the equine ileocecal junction

Gastrointestinal motility disorders represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in horses. Previously regarded as a non-pathogenic tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata has been recently associated with equine colic. In this study, pathological changes related to A. perfoliata at the ileocecal junction were investigated in 31 slaughtered horses. Our results showed a significant relationship between parasitic burden and grading of histopathological lesions in both the mucosa and submucosa. Moreover, in infested horses, hypertrophy of the circular muscle layer was determined. Finally, an enteric nervous system (ENS) evaluation showed injury to intestinal nervous elements in horses with moderate to high parasitism. In summary, our results on the ENS support a correlation between colic and A. perfoliata infestion in the horse.     

生态牧业及其效益评价

本文根据生态牧业具有较高的稳定性、持久性、平衡性、生产性和经济性特点,陈述了评价反映生态牧业体系的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的关键性指标,介绍了生态牧业的效益评价方法及其不同种方法的可用性,并讨论了我国南方10年主要采用的两种基本生态牧业模式在实践中可能存在的问题。