西安市部分养鸡场AIV H5疫苗免疫后血清抗体监测与分析

为了解西安市养鸡场禽流感疫苗免疫后抗体产生情况,从西安市长安区、周至县、高陵县等区县父母代和商品代养鸡场采集血清2 626份,采用血凝试验和血凝抑制试验检测抗体滴度,经过检测,抗体合格率达84.3%;并对采集样品鸡群的免疫状况进行分类分析,结果表明免疫后3周~9周为抗体持续稳定期,10周后抗体水平开始下降;禽流感疫苗免疫2次~3次的鸡体内可产生较高水平的抗体。     

陕西汉中市2020年猪瘟免疫抗体监测

为了解陕西省汉中市猪瘟免疫抗体水平,分别在春秋两季集中免疫后从11个县区采集猪血清样品651份,采用阻断ELISA方法进行抗体水平监测。结果显示:春秋两季猪瘟免疫抗体合格率分别为93.13%、89.12%,表明汉中市2020年猪瘟抗体水平合格率较高,猪瘟疫苗免疫效果较好。     

遵义地区某规模肉鸡场新城疫抗体水平检测报告

鸡新城疫是一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,对肉鸡养殖业可持续健康发展威胁很大。为监测遵义地区某规模肉鸡场新城疫抗体水平,笔者在2017年的不同月份随机采集129份血清样本,采用间接血凝抑制试验的方法进行鸡新城疫免疫抗体检测。结果表明,鸡新城疫病毒抗体滴度均在5log2以上,免疫合格率均为100%(129/129),抗体保护力良好。     

2021年新城疫监测分析报告

研究旨在评估新城疫流行风险,为指导新城疫防控提供参考。研究开展2021年辽宁省各市各场点的新城疫免疫抗体和病原学检测,跟踪2013—2021年辽宁省新城疫抗体和病原学监测结果,掌握抗体保护水平和病原分布状态。结果显示,2021年全省共监测新城疫免疫抗体样品3.036 5万份,合格2.895 3万份,平均个体合格率95.35%;监测免疫群体908个,合格880个,平均群体合格率96.92%。辽宁省内各市免疫抗体合格率均在91%以上。2015—2017年均监测到的病原学阳性群体为鸡群,来自种禽场、商品代养殖场及其他场点。研究表明,2013—2021年,辽宁省免疫抗体总体水平呈下降态势;病原学阳性群体均为鸡群,其他场点的群体阳性率高于种禽场和商品代禽场,散养户和市场环节均未监测到病原学阳性群体。     

规模化肉种鸡场新城疫和禽流感带毒监测与抗体检测研究

为了了解规模化养殖模式下鸡群新城疫和禽流感带毒情况和抗体滴度,从2007年9月~2008年8月,对规模化养殖场肉种鸡定期进行新城疫和禽流感带毒监测和抗体检测。每月采集鸡群气管和泄殖腔棉拭子各30份（抽检率0.3%）进行新城疫和禽流感病毒监测,每2周采集30份血样（抽检率0.3%）进行新城疫和禽流感抗体检测。研究结果显示,监测鸡群从进雏到淘汰未发现新城疫和禽流感病毒感染;从6.5周龄开始,鸡群新城疫和禽流感(H9亚型)抗体一直维持在免疫保护临界值以上,比较之下,禽流感（H5亚型）抗体上升较慢,且滴度比H9低（2～4）log2。     

肥东县高致病性禽流感强制免疫抗体监测与分析

为准确掌握高致病性禽流感强制集中的免疫密度和效果,采用血凝抑制试验方法对全县1228份血样进行高致病性禽流感强制免疫抗体检测,结果为种禽场免疫抗体合格率≥85%;商品代禽场免疫抗体合格率≥74.9%;散养户免疫抗体合格率≥73.3%,全县整体血样抗体监测合格率高于农业部标准要求。结果表明:2009年春季肥东县高致病性禽流感强制免疫效果较好。     

富宁县鸡新城疫免疫抗体状况调查

为了掌握富宁县鸡新城疫整体免疫状况及防控情况,通过对2011—2015年间从全县散养户、规模场采集到的3 966份鸡血清进行血凝抑制(HI)实验进行检测,并对历年检测结果进行统计和分析。检测结果显示,≥5log2样品数占总检测数百分比(以下简称:免疫抗体滴度合格率)为:2011年76.65%、2012年86.35%、2013年71.05%、2014年76.84%、2015年46.79%,全县5年来鸡新城疫免疫抗体滴度合格率总体偏低,部分乡镇免疫抗体滴度合格率忽高忽低,鸡新城疫零星散发风险大。     

海原县部分鸡场新城疫免疫现状调查

应用血凝试验和血凝抑制试验对采自海原县部分鸡场的239份血样进行了新城疫免疫抗体的检测。血清检测结果表明,所有检样的平均免疫保护率为76.99%。说明海原县部分鸡场中新城疫免疫抗体水平偏低,应及时进行免疫接种并加强抗体监测。     

新城疫免疫效果监测和免疫程序的完善

选取三个规模蛋鸡场各2个批次的鸡群,将每一批鸡对半分成试验组和对照组,给予不同的免疫程序,每个鸡场每月采取100份血样(试验组和对照组各50份),对新城疫抗体进行监测,连续采样监测18个月,共监测样品1800份。新城疫抗体监测结果:对照组在5日龄首免,12日龄二免,60日龄强化免疫,60日龄前免疫抗体已降到4log2以下,出现了免疫空白期。实验组在7日龄进行新城疫首免,28日龄二免,60日龄左右强化,育成期抗体监测比对照组高出1个滴度以上,且能保护整个育雏期和育成期。110日龄以后实验组每两个月用新城疫Ⅳ系苗饮水一次,相对对照组每3～4个月加强免疫,平均抗体效价可维持在5log2以上,保护力加强。     

鸵鸟新城疫免疫程序探讨

本试验对鸵鸟应用不同的疫苗和免疫剂量进行免疫,并采集血样,应用血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验,监测了抗体水平,以探索鸵鸟的新城疫免疫程序。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …