某蛋鸡养殖场鸡滑液囊支原体的分离鉴定及跗关节病理组织学观察

用改良Frey培养基对采集的跗关节渗出物进行病原分离,设计滑液囊支原体16S rRNA通用引物和vlhA特异性引物进行基因序列扩增并测序,用MEGA6.0软件中的Neighbor-joining法依据16S rRNA和vlhA序列构建分离株系统发育树进行遗传进化分析;对采集的跗关节组织进行固定和脱钙处理后制作石蜡切片,HE染色镜检。结果发现,分离的病原菌落呈油煎蛋样;依据16S rRNA和vlhA基因序列构建的系统发育树与滑液囊支原体在同一分支;病变的跗关节组织主要出现滑膜上皮增厚,炎性细胞渗出,血管轻度增生,血细胞渗出和滑膜组织脱落等病变。表明引发鸡群发病的病原为滑液囊支原体,为临床和实验室诊断滑液囊支原体引起的疾病提供了参考。     

牛支原体新疆株的分离鉴定

为调查新疆规模化奶牛场病牛死亡原因并确定病原,本研究无菌采集7份肺炎病死牛病变肺组织样,通过牛支原体液体培养基和固体培养基分离到1株支原体,采用形态学观察和生化试验鉴定该分离株,采用支原体特异性引物和牛支原体16S rRNA通用引物扩增基因序列并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的标准株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega 6.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)依据16S rRNA序列构建分离株系统进化树。结果显示,分离株菌落呈典型的"煎蛋样",菌落中心凹陷深入培养基,周边菲薄而透明,经Dienes染液染色后,菌落中心呈深蓝色。该分离株不分解葡萄糖、尿素、不水解精氨酸,血细胞吸附试验和溶血试验均呈阴性,氯化三苯基四氮唑还原反应呈阳性,产生膜和斑。PCR反应扩增出大小为1 911 bp的牛支原体特异性目的片段;分离株16S rRNA基因序列与牛支原体标准株PG45的序列同源性为99.8%,与牛支原体地方株(Mb NM2012、Mb HB0801、Mb Hubei-1、Mb Ningxia-1、Mb CQ-W70和Mb 08M)的同源性为99.3%～99.7%。系统进化树显示,分离株16S rRNA基因与Mb Ningxia-1株和Mb 08M株亲缘关系较近,处于同一分支。本研究结果证实了引起病牛死亡的病原为牛支原体,为新疆牛支原体病的防治提供了科学依据。     

牛支原体新疆株的分离鉴定

为调查新疆规模化奶牛场病牛死亡原因并确定病原,本研究无菌采集7份肺炎病死牛病变肺组织样,通过牛支原体液体培养基和固体培养基分离到1株支原体,采用形态学观察和生化试验鉴定该分离株,采用支原体特异性引物和牛支原体16S rRNA通用引物扩增基因序列并测序,使用DNAStar软件将分离菌株测序结果与GenBank中的标准株序列进行同源性比对,采用Mega 6.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)依据16S rRNA序列构建分离株系统进化树。结果显示,分离株菌落呈典型的"煎蛋样",菌落中心凹陷深入培养基,周边菲薄而透明,经Dienes染液染色后,菌落中心呈深蓝色。该分离株不分解葡萄糖、尿素、不水解精氨酸,血细胞吸附试验和溶血试验均呈阴性,氯化三苯基四氮唑还原反应呈阳性,产生膜和斑。PCR反应扩增出大小为1 911 bp的牛支原体特异性目的片段;分离株16S rRNA基因序列与牛支原体标准株PG45的序列同源性为99.8%,与牛支原体地方株(Mb NM2012、Mb HB0801、Mb Hubei-1、Mb Ningxia-1、Mb CQ-W70和Mb 08M)的同源性为99.3%～99.7%。系统进化树显示,分离株16S rRNA基因与Mb Ningxia-1株和Mb 08M株亲缘关系较近,处于同一分支。本研究结果证实了引起病牛死亡的病原为牛支原体,为新疆牛支原体病的防治提供了科学依据。     

禽源大肠埃希菌Biolog鉴定和系统发育分析

采用Biolog和16S rRNA基因序列分析法对中国兽医药品监察所菌种室收集保藏的18株大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)进行了鉴定.菌株经纯化培养,用Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行了鉴定,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.提取基因组DNA,采用16S rRNA通用引物,用PCR进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增,扩增产物纯化后进行测序.序列经人工校对后用Clustal X 1.83软件进行比对分析,采用Mega 3.1软件构建系统发育树,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.     

奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因的PCR扩增、克隆及分析

目的对奶牛温氏支原体16SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增及克隆分析。方法从自然感染体的广西奶牛无菌采集血液,分离温氏支原体并提取病原基因组,用血营养菌的16SrRNA基因的通用引物进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物克隆到PGEM-Teasy载体后进行溺,I序和分析,并与Genebank上搜索的温氏支原体相应序列进行比较,建立系统发育树。结果PCR扩增得到长约1．5kb的扩增片段,测序结果显示该片段全长为1453bp,同源性分析表明该序列与Neimark公布的温氏支原体（前称温氏附红细胞体）（AF016546）的16SrRNA基因序列同源性达到97．4％,与系统发育进化树表明本株温氏支原体同本地株的关系较近,而与国外株的新缘关系较远。国内公布的广西株同源性为99．8％。结论结果表明证实该病原为温氏支原体,从分子生物学水平证实了温氏支原体在广西的存在。由于本试验分离得到的牛温氏支原体与国外发表的牛温氏支原体核苷酸序列相差2．6％,因此两者的基因型存在一定的差异,这对该病的分子流行病学分析具有一定的意义。     

产丁二酮的嗜热链球菌的筛选和鉴定

从酸马奶中分离出五株链球菌，其中KM18的丁二酮的产量为20mg／mL。利用PCR扩增该菌的16SrRNA基因，将测序结果同该属内菌株的16SrRNA基因序列作多序列比较，并建立链球菌属的系统发育树。结果表明，KM18的16SrRNA基因序列同S．thermophilus的同源性百分比为98．2％。综合系统发育树的结果，将KM18鉴定为S．thermophilus。菌株KM18的16SrRNA基因序列已经在GENBANK申请国际序列注册号，为D0176426。     

牛呼吸道疾病综合征病例的病原分析

本试验旨在查清广西某牛场1起牛呼吸道疾病综合征(BRDC)病例的病原,指导牛场进行疾病防控。采取现场调查、临床症状与病理变化、病原分离鉴定等方法对病例病原进行分析,根据病原药敏试验结果进行治疗。从病例的肺脏组织中分离到1株支原体和1株革兰氏阴性致病杆菌。支原体分离株在PPLO固体培养基上可见典型的"煎蛋样"菌落,PCR扩增出牛支原体oppF基因特异性的448 bp目的片段,其oppF基因序列与美国分离的牛支原体国际标准株PG45的核苷酸序列同源性为98.4%。革兰氏阴性细菌分离株生化特性符合黏质沙雷氏菌特性,其16S rRNA基因PCR扩增出1 400 bp的目的片段,测序结果与GenBank上登录的黏质沙雷氏菌的核苷酸序列同源性达到99.0%,对小鼠具有致病性。牛支原体和黏质沙雷氏菌分离株均对壮观霉素、阿奇霉素、阿米卡星、庆大霉素和新霉素高度敏感,用高敏药物壮观霉素联合地塞米松等相关措施进行治疗,收到良好效果。结果表明,引起这次牛呼吸道疾病综合征的病原为牛支原体和黏质沙雷氏菌。     

湖南省牛无浆体虫株分子生物学鉴定

用原虫16 S rRNA基因序列通用引物对湖南5个地区牛无浆体感染的阳性血液样品进行PCR扩增,经测序和序列拼接,获得5个无浆体样品16 S rRNA基因的部分序列,应用分子生物学软件进行分析,并根据所获得序列的保守区间设计特异性引物,进行PCR诊断方法的探讨性研究.结果表明,在通用引物下,5个地区无浆体感染的阳性血液样品均获得1 425 bp大小的虫体16 S rRNA基因条带;测序后5个无浆体16 S rRNA序列同源性均在97%～98%.证明5个分离虫株初步鉴定为牛边缘无浆体.     

温氏附红细胞体16S rRNA基因的序列测定和分析

从自然感染附红细胞体的湖北黄牛无菌采集血液,分离附红细胞体并提取病原基因组,用血营养菌的16SrRNA基因的通用引物进行PCR扩增,得到长约1.5kb的扩增片段,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行测序和分析.结果表明该片段全长为1 471 bp（GenBank收录号为AY946266）,同源性分析表明该序列与Neimark公布的温氏附红细胞体（AF016546）的16S rRNA基因序列同源性达到98.7%,证实该病原为温氏附红细胞体,从分子生物学水平证实了温氏附红细胞体在湖北省的存在.将该序列与5种支原体、14种血营养菌及边缘无浆体等的相应序列进行比较,建立系统发育树,结果表明温氏附红细胞体同边缘无浆体的关系较远,而与肺炎支原体组的亲缘关系较近.     

奶牛附红细胞体16S rRNA基因的克隆、测序及系统发育进化树的建立

为了从分子水平上证实奶牛附红细胞体的存在及研究其分类学地位,利用原核生物16S rRNA基因通用引物对分离纯化的疑似奶牛附红细胞体进行16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增及克隆测序。结果扩增出长约1.5 kb的目的片段,测序结果表明:目的片段长度为1 439 bp,其核苷酸序列与国外已发表的牛温氏附红细胞体(E.wenyoni)的16SrRNA基因片段同源性高达97.1%,暂称为中国广西株(E.wenyoniCGX)。系统发育进化树显示:E.wenyoni和其他血营养菌在系统进化关系上组成了一个大的进化分支,与支原体科、支原体属的病原最接近(75%),而与立克次体科的病原较远(55%)。分析结果支持了Nei mark等和Messick等提出的将这类血营养菌划归支原体科、支原体属的建议。     

Intraspecific variation in the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis strains

Intraspecific variation in the 16S rRNA genes of 17 Mycoplasma agalactiae and eight Mycoplasma bovis isolates was investigated to determine the degree of sequence variation in these two species and to determine whether the polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA genes could be used for the construction of an evolutionary tree and as epidemiological markers. A high degree of variation was found within isolates (between operons) and between isolates of both species. In contrast to M. capripneumoniae no distinct evolutionary pattern could be seen, probably because there are functional systems for gene conversion in M. agalactiae and M. bovis. However, the non-European isolates of M. agalactiae shared three characteristic nucleotides and European isolates from the same or neighbouring countries were very similar. Differences within isolates included both polymorphic positions and sequence length differences between operons. The amount of variation within isolates of the respective species ranged from zero to seven polymorphisms for M. agalactiae and from zero to four polymorphisms for M. bovis. The high degree of variation suggests the potential for misdiagnosis of species in diagnostic PCR assays based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. All isolates of both species had a thymidine in position 912 (E. coli numbering) that causes streptomycin resistance in several bacterial species and which is characteristic for the members of the hominis group. As expected, when five M. agalactiae and three M. bovis isolates were tested for streptomycin susceptibility, they all demonstrated streptomycin resistance. M. agalactiae and M. bovis were found to have high intraspecific variation in their 16S rRNA gene and the polymorphisms patterns indicate that gene conversion takes place.     

猪附红细胞体16S rRNA基因的序列测定和系统进化分析

从确诊为猪附红细胞体感染的猪场，无菌采集血样，抽提猪附红细胞体基因组DNA，采用真细菌的通用引物进行16S rRNA基因扩增，对扩增产物进行克隆和测序。从3个地理位置不同的猪场均成功地扩增出长度为1469bp的核苷酸序列。系统进化分析表明，3个猪场样品所测序列一致性达99．52％以上，具有相同的基因型，但与国外报道的猪附红细胞体Illinois株同源性为95％，属于同一基因群，但基因型不同；所有种类的附红细胞体和血巴尔通氏体组成同一进化分支，这类血营养菌与支原体科，支原体属的病原最靠近(75％)，而与立克次氏体目的病原较远(70％)。上述研究证实，广东所流行的猪附红细胞体是一种新基因型的猪附红细胞体，建议命名为猪附红细胞体广东株型；为反映进化关系，猪附红细胞体和其它血营养菌应划归于支原体科的支原体属。     

一株牛支原体的分离鉴定及致病性初步研究

对采集到的疑似牛支原体肺炎肺组织病料进行病原的分离,并对分离株进行形态学、生化和分子生物学鉴定,结果显示成功分离获得1株牛支原体,命名为NM001.该分离株的菌落形态呈典型的"荷包蛋状",不能发酵葡萄糖,不能水解精氨酸,不分解尿素.PCR能够扩增出牛支原体特异的P48基因条带,16S rRNA基因序列与Ningxia-...     

The feline oral microbiome: A provisional 16S rRNA gene based taxonomy with full-length reference sequences

The human oral microbiome is known to play a significant role in human health and disease. While less well studied, the feline oral microbiome is thought to play a similarly important role. To determine roles oral bacteria play in health and disease, one first has to be able to accurately identify bacterial species present. 16S rRNA gene sequence information is widely used for molecular identification of bacteria and is also useful for establishing the taxonomy of novel species.The objective of this research was to obtain full 16S rRNA gene reference sequences for feline oral bacteria, place the sequences in species-level phylotypes, and create a curated 16S rRNA based taxonomy for common feline oral bacteria.Clone libraries were produced using “universal” and phylum-selective PCR primers and DNA from pooled subgingival plaque from healthy and periodontally diseased cats. Bacteria in subgingival samples were also cultivated to obtain isolates. Full-length 16S rDNA sequences were determined for clones and isolates that represent 171 feline oral taxa. A provisional curated taxonomy was developed based on the position of each taxon in 16S rRNA phylogenetic trees.The feline oral microbiome curated taxonomy and 16S rRNA gene reference set will allow investigators to refer to precisely defined bacterial taxa. A provisional name such as “Propionibacterium sp. feline oral taxon FOT-327” is an anchor to which clone, strain or GenBank names or accession numbers can point. Future next-generation-sequencing studies of feline oral bacteria will be able to map reads to taxonomically curated full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences.     

支原体PCR检测方法的建立和应用

依据GenBank中登录的常见细胞污染支原体16S rRNA基因序列,选择高度保守的区域设计引物,建立了一种快速灵敏的支原体PCR检测方法.该方法可以特异性检测出6种支原体,并能敏感的检测到10个拷贝数的目的基因.采用建立的PCR方法和传统的培养法对23个不同样品(细胞、血清、疫苗成品、半成品)进行检测,符合度100％.该方法的建立可大大缩短疫苗生产过程中支原体检验所需时间.     

裸鼠过度角化症牛棒状杆菌的分离鉴定

2010年8月一批进口入境的裸鼠在隔离期间发生了疑似国外文献报道的过度角化性皮炎,为了确诊该病及鉴定该病的病原,本研究从患病裸鼠皮肤组织分离到一株革兰氏阳性杆菌。细菌纯化后经Biolog自动生物鉴定仪系统初步鉴定为牛棒状杆菌(C.bovis);提取细菌基因组,PCR扩增16S rRNA基因,测序结果经比对与GenBank中的C.bovis同源性在99%以上;培养物感染裸鼠没有出现临床症状,但组织学检查显示,感染裸鼠表皮棘皮层增厚,表现出轻微的C.bovis感染特有的棘皮症。由此可以确认这次入境裸鼠暴发的疫病为过度角化症,病原为C.bovis。本研究首次报道了在我国实验动物设施暴发的裸鼠过度角化症,提示裸鼠感染C.bovis导致的过度角化症是实验动物质量监测中不可忽视的传染病。     

鸡滑液囊支原体的分离鉴定及病理组织学观察

为了解宁夏及其周边不同地区蛋鸡场中的鸡滑液囊支原体的种类及其致病力,采用改良Frey氏鸡滑液囊支原体培养基,从疑似感染鸡滑液囊支原体的不同蛋鸡群中分离出病原株,设计鸡滑液囊支原体vlhA基因特异性引物,对分离到的病原进行基因序列扩增并测序,使用MEGA6.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)构建分离株系统发育树并进行遗传进化分析,采用从临床症状最明显的鸡体分离的菌株进行动物感染试验,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,病理组织学观察。结果表明,所分离到的病原菌均为鸡滑液囊支原体,部分菌株之间极其相似;鸡滑液囊支原体不仅可以使鸡只关节肿胀、生长缓慢,也可引起鸡只的肝脏轻微肿大,肝细胞部分坏死、间质增生;脾脏结缔组织增生,出血。     

Development and evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction assay using the 16S rRNA gene for detection of Eperythrozoon suis infection.

The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of Eperythrozoon suis was amplified using gene-specific primers developed from GenBank sequence accession U88565. The gene was subsequently cloned and sequenced. Based on these sequence data, 3 sets of E. suis-specific primers were designed. These primers selectively amplified 1394, 690, and 839 base-pair (bp) fragments of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA of E. suis extracted from the blood of an experimentally infected pig during a parasitemic episode. No polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were amplified from purified DNA of Haemobartonella felis, Mycoplasma genitalium, or Bartonella bacilliformis using 2 of these primer sets. When the primer set amplifying the 690-bp fragment was used, faint bands were observed with H. felis as the target DNA. No PCR products were amplified from DNA that had been extracted from the blood of a noninfected pig or using PCR reagents without target DNA. The detection limits for E. suis by competitive quantitative PCR were estimated to range from 57 and 800 organisms/assay. This is the first report of the utility of PCR-facilitated diagnosis and quantitation of E. suis based on the 16S rRNA gene. The PCR method developed will be useful in monitoring the progression and significance of E. suis in the disease process in the pig.     

Molecular identification of `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' in sheep with hemolytic anemia

We examined the presence of hemoplasmas, hemotropic mycoplasmas, among 11 sheep (Ovis aries) with regenerative and hemolytic anemia and found six of them were positive by real-time PCR. The positive samples were then subjected to conventional PCR for direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Nucleotide sequences of all the positive samples were identified as the 16S rRNA gene of `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' by phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating the infections with this particular hemoplasma species in Japan.