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一、人兽共患病形势严峻人兽共患病定义。在1959年,世界卫生组织(WHO)和粮农组织(FAO)专家委员会对人兽共患病下的定义是"在脊椎动物与人之间自然传播的疾病或感染"。1.人兽共患病的发生与流行。家养动物与野生动物的疾病传染给暴露人群,人群感染后,有些可能发生人传染人,导致发病或死亡,有些人群的感染发病还会再传染给动物,形成循环发病。2.世界形势引人注目。目前有1415种人类疾病的病 相似文献
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加强人兽共患病防制保障公共卫生安全 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
人兽共患病是指在人和脊椎动物之间自然传播和感染的疾病,即人类和脊椎动物由同一种病原体引起的、在流行病学上相互关联的一类疾病。这类病原体很多,包括病毒、细菌、衣原体、立克次氏体、真菌和寄生虫。易感动物广泛,包括人、家畜、鸟类、野生动物、水生动物和节肢动物等。传播途径复杂多样,有直接传播,也有间接传播。人兽共患病的发生和流行不仅给畜牧业造成严重损失,而且给人民生命健康构成了严重威胁。1人兽共患传染病形势严峻目前,已知的人兽共患病有250多种广泛分布于世界各地。其中流行范围广的,危害严重的人兽共患病有34种。随着新… 相似文献
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<正>1 政策问题背景人兽共患病是指在脊椎动物与人类之间自然传播,由相同的病原感染导致的传染性疾病。1979年世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)对人兽共患病下的定义为:“人和脊椎动物由共同病原体引起的,又在流行病学上有关联的疾病。”世界卫生组织(WHO)所分类的1415种人类疾病中,有61%属于人兽共患病。目前已知的人类传染病共有300多种,仅有10余种只对人类感染,其余均为人兽共患病。近年发生的175种新发传染病中, 相似文献
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人畜共患病(Zoonosis)是指人类和脊椎动物之间自然感染和传播的疾病,即由共同病原体引起的人类和脊椎动物在流行病学上相关联的疾病。人类人畜共患病病原体主要来源于人类饲养、驯化的畜禽和野生脊椎动物,因此也称动物源性疾病。1979年世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)把人畜共患病更名为人兽共患病。据文献记载,动物传染病有200余种,其中有半数以上可以传染给人类,另有100种以上的动物寄生虫病可以感染人类,这250余种人兽共患病在我国约有90余种。我国农业部会同卫生部组织制定并于2009年1月19日施行的《人兽共患传染病病名录》有26个, 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(5)
人畜共患病又称人兽(禽)共患病,是一类人与动物(指脊椎动物)之间能够共同感染或者相互传播的传染病。针对人畜共患病要重点研究病原的变异规律。重点研究感染的机制。重点研究快速、准确、有效地检测方法。 相似文献
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人兽共患病(Zoonosos)是指人和脊椎动物由共同的病原体引起的,并在人与动物之间相互传播的一类疾病,曾译为人兽共患病、人畜共患病、人畜互通病等,但有人认为将Zoonosos一词译为人兽互传病更为恰当。目前全世界已证实的人兽共患病约250多种,其中100多种是公共卫生上的重要疾病,严重威胁着人畜健康,它对社会的发展,国家的富强,民族的兴衰均有一定影响。1985年世界卫生组织(WHO)公布人兽共患病90多种,其中猪病25种,禽病24种,牛、羊病26种,马病13种。人兽共患病在全球都有发生,尤其在文化、经济落后的国家和地区发生更为严重。我国现属发展中… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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