猪肉质性状与生长性状的相关性研究

旨在研究杜长大三元杂猪肉质性状与生长性状的相关性。试验选取419头杜长大三元杂商品猪,其中阉公猪209头,母猪210头。所有试验猪在相同环境下统一饲养至150日龄后进行屠宰测定,分析不同日增重(ADG)、日均采食量(ADFI)和饲料转化率(FCR)对肉质性状(肉色、肌内脂肪含量、大理石纹、电导率、水分含量、pH值)的影响及性状间相关性。研究结果表明,杜长大猪肉质性状的变异系数比生长性状高,其中电导率、大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量的变异系数均超过20%,提示该性状具有较大的遗传改良空间;不同生长性状对肉质性状的影响结果表明,高日增重组(ADG>1 000 g)猪的pH值和水分含量均显著高于低日增重组(ADG≤900 g)(P<0.05),而肌内脂肪含量随日增重的增加而下降;高日均采食量组(ADFI>2 400 g)猪的肌内脂肪含量显著高于中、低日均采食量组(2 2000.26、2.4相似文献   

猪生长发育性状与肉质性状的相关研究

对 1 0个品种组合 79头猪的生长发育性状和肉质性状进行相关分析 ,以了解各性状的相关性。结果为 :活体背膘与水分、肌内脂肪、肉色、瘦肉率、眼肌面积的相关系数分别为 - 0 33、0 4 1、0 2 4、- 0 6 0、- 0 4 4;眼肌面积与水分、肌内脂肪分别为 0 39、- 0 33;结束日龄与水分、肉色的相关系数分别为 - 0 35、0 37。说明选择适宜的背膘、眼肌面积和饲养日龄 ,有可能得到较好的瘦肉率和肌内脂肪含量。能否解决两性状之间呈负相关的矛盾 ,尚须进一步研讨     

杜宁杂种猪胴体和肉质性状的测定及相关性分析

为评价杜洛克与宁乡猪杂交组合的效果,以21头杜宁杂种猪(杜洛克为父本,宁乡猪为母本)为研究对象,对其胴体性状、肉质性状、肌肉成分相关指标进行测定,并就胴体性状和肉质性状相关性进行了分析。结果显示,宰前体重为(99.00±7.32) kg的杜宁杂种猪,屠宰率为(71.15±1.29)%,眼肌面积为(29.45±2.64) cm²,背膘厚为(38.50±5.85) mm,失水率(15.23±2.56)%,嫩度(4.20±0.86) kgf。背最长肌中检测到21种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸含量为(43.15±1.26)%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量为(56.88±1.26)%。肌苷酸含量(2.15±0.23) mg/g。必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量分别为(8.99±0.39)%、(14.87±0.58)%、(19.56±0.80)%。相关性分析显示,杜宁杂种猪背膘厚与瘦肉率(r=-0.710)、脂率(r=0.833)呈极显著相关(P<0.01);滴水损失与pH₂₄(r=0.826)、嫩度(r=0.806)、熟肉率(r=-0.552)呈极显著相关(P&...     

柯乐猪与大白猪胴体性状、肉质性状研究及相关性分析

为探究地方品种柯乐猪与引进品种大白猪的种质特性,试验从2个品种中分别选择19头和12头进行胴体及肉质性状等相关指标的测定,并进行性状间相关性分析。相关性分析表明,柯乐猪和大白猪的宰前活重与胴体重均极显著正相关(P<0.01),瘦肉率与宰前活重均显著负相关(P<0.05);柯乐猪眼肌的L_45min*与b_45min*呈极显著正相关(r=0.701,P <0.01),大白猪眼肌的L_45min*与b_45min*呈显著正相关(r=0.671,P <0.05)。结果表明,在相同饲养环境条件下,大白猪的胴体性能优于柯乐猪,但柯乐猪肉质优于大白猪,性状间也存在一定的相关性。     

大巴沙猪胴体性状和肉质性状研究及相关性分析

试验旨在对大约克×(巴克夏×沙子岭)(简称大巴沙)猪的胴体性状和肉质性状进行评估.选取99头大巴沙猪进行屠宰测定,主要测定屠宰率、胴体长、背膘厚、眼肌面积和瘦肉率等胴体性状及pH、肉色、大理石纹和肌内脂肪等肉质性状.结果 表明,大巴沙猪的屠宰率和瘦肉率分别为72.24％和59.22％,系水力损失和肌内脂肪含量分别为93...     

蓝塘猪和长白猪生长发育的比较研究

以同期怀孕的6头经产蓝塘母猪和6头经产长白母猪所产纯种仔猪为研究对象,进行饲养对比试验.分别在1日龄、27日龄、90日龄、150日龄和180日龄5个阶段进行生长性能测定,并每品种随机挑选6头(公母各半)做屠宰测定试验.结果表明,长白猪在体高、体长、体重.生长速度、胴体率以及眼肌面积等生长性能指标上明显高于蓝塘猪,差异极显著;而蓝塘猪在肉色、剪切力、大理石纹、肌内脂肪含量等肉质性状指标上明显优于长白猪.     

猪脂肪沉积相关酶基因表达与胴体及肉质性状的相关性研究

为系统筛选对贵州地方猪脂肪沉积具有影响的相关酶基因,本实验以雄性野猪和雌性柯乐猪的F1代杂交猪作为研究对象,采用qRT-PCR方法检测猪背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织PPARγ、LPL、ACC、ATGL基因的mRNA表达水平,并通过Pearson方法分析背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织4个基因mRNA表达水平与胴体及肉质性状间的相关性....     

东北民猪生长发育各阶段胴体性状的测定

东北民猪生长发育各阶段胴体性状的测定吕耀忠闻殿英刘伟（黑龙江省畜牧研究所·齐齐哈尔·１６１０４１）赵刚王希彪廉正兴（东北农业大学）何勇高明王亚波（兰西县种猪场）随着多年的选育工作，民猪的生产性能和遗传特性都发生了很大变化。为了摸清民猪的种质特性，以便...     

估计猪早期生长性状和繁殖性状的动物模型比较

分析了三种模型对出生重，21、60、90日龄重，总产仔数，以及出生窝重性状遗传参数估计中的加性遗传效应、母体效应、窝效应和残差效应的方差组分、遗传力及其变化趋势。结果表明，出生重、21日龄重和60日龄重采用包含加性遗传效应、母体效应、窝效应和残差效应的模型进行估计比较适宜。90日龄重、总产仔、产活仔和出生窝重性状采用包含加性遗传效应、母体效应和残差效应的模型进行估计效果较好。     

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting the length of small intestine in a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian intercross resource population

The small intestine is a vital organ in animal gastrointestinal system, in which a large variety of nutrients are absorbed. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the length of porcine small intestine, phenotypic values were measured in 1034 individuals at 240 d from a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian intercross F₂ population. The length of small intestine showed strong correlation with growth traits and carcass length in the F2 population. A whole‐genome scan was performed based on 183 microsatellites covering the pig genome in the F₂ population. A total of 10 QTL for this trait were identified on 8 pig chromosomes (SSC), including four 1% genome‐wide significant QTL on SSC2, 4, 7 and 8, one 5% genome‐wide significant QTL on SSC12, and five 5% chromosome‐wide significant QTL on SSC5, 7, 13 and 14. The Erhualian alleles were generally associated with shorter length of the small intestine except the alleles on SSC7 and 13. The QTL on SSC4 overlapped with the previously reported QTL for the length of small intestine. Several significant QTL on SSC2, 8, and 12 were consistent with previous reports. The significant QTL detected on SSC7 was reported for the first time. All QTL identified in this study corresponded to the known region significantly associated with growth traits, supporting the important role of the length of small intestine in pig growth.     

Correlation between villous height and the disaccharidase activity in the small intestine of piglets from nursing to growing

Early weaning induces villous atrophy in the small intestine. Reduction in villous height in the small intestine after weaning is associated with reductions in brush‐border enzyme activity. Body weight gain after weaning is, therefore, correlated with villous height. This evidence suggested that the maintenance of small intestinal structure and function after weaning is important for the growth of young pigs. On the other hand, the relationship between villous height and the activity of the digestive enzymes in the small intestine has not been studied with piglets from the suckling to the growing period. Five suckling piglets, four piglets in the proximal stage of weaning, four pigs in the distal stage of weaning and four growing pigs were used. The activities of lactase (LA), sucrase (SA) and maltase (MA) were determined. LA showed a positive correlation with villous height in weaning. SA and MA were positively correlated with villous height from suckling to growing. In a previous study, non‐infectious dyspeptic diarrhea was frequently observed in growing piglets on Japanese swine farms. The maintenance of villous height to retain disaccharidase activity may prevent dyspepsic diarrhea in this stage.     

Influence of weaning age on the villous height and disaccharidase activities in the porcine small intestine

Body weight gain after weaning is correlated with villous height and disaccharidase activity. This evidence suggests that the maintenance of the small intestinal structure and function after weaning is important for the growth of piglets. We demonstrated that the influence of weaning age was obtained by disaccharidase activities and villous height in eight sections of the porcine small intestine. Therefore, we designed three weaning ages (weaned at the ages of 14, 21 or 28 days) and the piglets were slaughtered after 7 or 14 days post‐weaning. The remaining suckling piglets were slaughtered at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Four piglets were slaughtered at each event; therefore, 44 piglets were used in this study. Villous height and disaccharidase activities were measured in each section of the small intestine. Early weaning such as that at 14 days had severe influence on villous and disaccharidase activities. In particular, weaning of 14‐day‐olds did not result in maltase activity at least 2 weeks post‐weaning. Accordingly, the weaning age of crossbred piglets is recommended to be at least 21 days or more on the basis of villous height and disaccharidase activity analyses.     

猪小肠抗菌肽的抗菌作用研究

采用琼脂糖弥散试验和活菌计数试验检测猪小肠抗菌肽对儿株细菌(鸡大肠杆菌(O1)C83845株、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13株、大肠杆菌(O2)、大肠杆菌(O78)、猪致病性大肠杆菌自然分离株、鸡致病性大肠杆菌自然分离株、白色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923株、猪致病性沙门氏菌自然分离株、绿脓杆菌ATCC27853株、鱼致病性嗜水气单胞菌)的作用。结果表明，猪小肠抗菌肽对以上各株细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用，杀菌率由59．5％～98．5％不等。扫描电镜下观察猪小肠抗菌肽分别与鸡大肠杆菌(O1)C83845株、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13株和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923株在37．0℃条件下共培养15min后细菌形态学的改变，结果发现，有的细菌表面出现囊泡样或不规则突起样结构；有的细菌严重变形、扭曲，一端呈火柴头状；有的细菌表面变得粗糙、皱缩、胞膜破裂、内容物外流而死亡。     

Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small intestine in an F344 rat

An intestinal mass was found in the border area of the jejunum and ileum of a 110-week-old male F344 rat. Histopathologically, the mass protruded into the lumen and was covered with intestinal epithelium, exhibiting a normal architecture. The lesion was located in the submucosa and consisted of loose connective tissue, smooth muscle, scattered ganglion cells, and blood vessels of various sizes. Although these components showed an irregular and disordered structure, no cellular atypia, increased proliferation activity, or invasive growth to adjacent tissues were detected. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that smooth muscle, ganglion, and endothelial cells were positive for α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, S-100, and CD34 and von Willebrand factor, respectively, indicating maturation of these cells. Thus, the mass was diagnosed as a neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma of the small intestine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of lesion in rodents.     

撒坝猪专门化母系繁殖性状的相关与通径分析

利用撒坝猪专门化母系 7个世代共 576头母猪的繁殖性能数据 ,对总产仔数 (x1 )、活产仔数 (x2 )、初生窝重 (x3)、 2 0日龄窝重 (x4 )、断奶窝重 (x5)、育成率 (x6 )和断奶仔数 (y) 7个繁殖性状进行了相关和通径分析 ,并在此基础上建立了估计断奶仔数的最优回归方程。结果表明 ,撒坝猪专门化母系的繁殖性能在经过 7个世代的选育后 ,获得了明显提高。各繁殖性状间在表型值上都存在不同程度的相关 ,其中以总产仔数与活产仔数的相关程度最高 (r=0 92 0 1 ) ,其次为 2 0日龄窝重与断奶仔数 (r=0 82 88) ,而初生窝重与育成率间的相关系数最低 (r=0 0 381 )。在所分析的 7个性状中 ,除了总产仔数和活产仔数与育成率间为负相关外 ,其余性状间均为正相关。所建立的估计断奶仔数的多元回归方程为 :y=- 6 1 1 90 +0 6986x2 +0 0 33 7x4 +0 0 0 4 8x5+0 0 71 8x6 。     

Ultrasonographic examination of the small intestine, large intestine and greater omentum in 30 Saanen goats

The small and large intestine of 30 healthy Saanen goats were examined ultrasonographically using a 5.0 MHz-linear transducer. The goats were examined on the right side, from the eighth rib to the caudal aspect of the flank. The small and large intestine could be easily differentiated. The descending duodenum could be imaged in 19 goats, and the jejunum and ileum seen in all goats. The jejunum and ileum were most often seen in cross-section and rarely in longitudinal section in the ventral region of the right flank. The intestinal contents were usually homogenously echoic, and active motility was observed in all the goats. The diameter of the small intestine was 0.8–2.7 cm (1.6 [0.33] cm). The spiral ansa of the colon was imaged in all the goats, and in 21 the caecum was also seen. Both these sections of large intestine were most commonly seen in the dorsal region of the right flank. The spiral ansa of the colon was easily identified by its spiral arrangement of centripetal and centrifugal gyri, which had a garland-like appearance. Because of intraluminal gas, only the wall of the colon closest to the transducer could be imaged. The diameter of the spiral colon ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 cm (1.1 [0.24] cm). Usually only the wall of the caecum closest to the transducer could be imaged and it appeared as a thick, echoic, slightly undulating line. The greater omentum could be seen in all the goats.     

Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on growth performance and antioxidative function of small intestine in broilers

Dietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) could enhance immune function in broilers, which was attributed primarily to its saponin components. However, YSE also contains phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant ability. This study tested the effects of YSE on growth performance of broilers, its antioxidative enzyme activities and corresponding gene expressions in the small intestine. A total of 128 15‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: corn‐soya bean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days which was divided into a grower period (day: 15–28) and a finisher period (day: 29–42). On day 28 and day 42 body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were recorded. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected to analyse superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and gene expressions of SOD, CAT, GPx. The results showed that during the grower period a diet including 100 mg/kg YSE improved CAT capacity in the ileum, tended to increase activities of GPx in the duodenum, and further showed enhancing tendencies in SOD and GPx abilities in ileum. Gene expressions of CAT, SOD and GPx in the ileum tended to upregulate at 100 mg/kg YSE level. In the finisher period and over the whole period, all YSE groups had a reduced FI compared to the control group without compromising BW; 100 and 200 mg/kg YSE significantly improved FCR. In conclusion, the improved growth performance of broilers during the finisher period may be due to enhanced antioxidative ability in the grower period with YSE supplementation. This study provided evidence of using YSE as an additive to enhance growth in broilers.     

Pre-weaning eating activity and morphological parameters in the small and large intestine of piglets

The effect of pre-weaning eating activity on the intestinal morphology in piglets was investigated on the day of weaning and 5 days post-weaning. The eating activity of each piglet was recorded by means of direct observations. On day 5 post-weaning the villous heights were reduced and the crypt depths were increased irrespective of the pre-weaning eating activity. In the caecum and colon the crypt depth was increased post-weaning and no effect of pre-weaning eating activity was observed. The muscle thickness in the small intestine did not change during the immediate post-weaning period whereas the muscle thickness in the large intestine was doubled in the same period. In conclusion, pre-weaning eating activity did not affect the structural alterations of the small and large intestine. However, the actual number of piglets consuming creep feed prior to weaning was low and the eating activity was highly variable. Therefore, more or later weaned piglets may be needed to show effects of pre-weaning eating activity.     

湖北白猪活体测定性状与屠宰性状间的典型相关分析

通过对湖北白猪新系90头样本的话体测定性状的9个变量与屠宰测定性状的10个变量之间的典型相关分析,得出了决定两组性状间相关关系的三对典型变量.湖北白猪活体测定性状与屠宰测定性状之间的相关主要是由:腹围、臀宽及活体膘厚与板油率密切相关,胸围、臀宽、臀长、臀围与屠宰率及后腿比例密切相关,及体长、胸围与瘦肉率和肥肉率间的较强相关所决定的.分析表明在湖北白猪新品系选育中,要加强胸围选择,注意保持适宜的体长.可以依据三个活体性状典型变量的信息利用达到改良屠宰性状的目的.