不同品种及播期对丘区套作大豆产量的影响

在"麦/玉/豆"模式下,研究了不同品种与播期对丘区套作大豆产量的影响.结果表明,品种间产量差异极显著,以晚熟品种(贡选1号)的产量最高,达1375.11 kg/hm2,中熟品种(乐豆1号)次之,早熟品种(浙春3号)最低.与早中熟品种比较,晚熟品种表现为营养生长期较长,与玉米的生殖共生期为零,植株较高,茎粗增加0.13～0.16 cm,分枝多0.38～0.89个,主茎节数多4.47～7.12个,单株有效荚数、每荚粒数极显著高于早中熟品种,适合套作.播期间产量也有差异,以播期6月7日的产量最高.品种不同,表现略有差异.中晚熟品种的适宜播期为6月7日,表现为单株荚数、荚粒数较高;早熟品种以6月14日的产量较高,表现为单株荚数、荚粒数和百粒重较高.     

播期和密度对高油高产大豆合丰50脂肪含量及产量的影响

以合丰50为材料,分7个播期、5个密度,研究不同播期及密度对其品质、产量及农艺性状的影响.结果表明:播期及密度对高油高产大豆品种合丰50的产量有较大的影响,随播期的延迟和密度的增加,该品种的产量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,差异达到极显著水平;播期埘油份含量的影响较大,而且规律性极强,即随播期的延迟各密度处理合丰50的油份含量下降.不同密度处理对油份含量的影响较小,而且规律性也不强.合丰50的最佳播种时期为5月9日左右,而最适密度为25万株·hm~(-2),此时可获得最高产量和较高的含油量.     

播期对吉林春玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响

2010～2011年在吉林省梨树县进行春玉米5个播期试验(SE、E、M、L、SL为2010年4月21日、5月2日、5月13日、5月23日及6月2日播期,2011年为4月20日、4月30日、5月10日、5月20日及6月1日播期),探讨播期对吉林春玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,播期对春玉米生长发育及产量形成均有显著的影响。随播期推迟,春玉米生育期缩短;相对于SE和SL处理,M处理下叶面积指数较高且维持天数较长,有利于春玉米光合作用以及干物质积累;播期对春玉米地上干物质积累的影响表现为SE与M处理间差异不大,SL与SE、M处理相比干物质积累明显降低。试验播期范围内播期对产量影响显著,随播期的推迟呈现先升高后降低的趋势;百粒重在SE、E和M处理间无差异,与前3个播期相比,由于灌浆期缩短导致L和SL处理的百粒重显著下降;穗粒数与开花-子粒形成期内降水量呈显著负相关。本试验在2010年M处理下获得最大产量(11490.6 kg/hm2),吉林西南部春玉米播期在5月中旬左右较为适宜。     

能源型甜高粱分期播种试验初报

以甜高粱品种辽甜1号和辽甜3号为试验品种，在南宁地区进行种植，对其不同播期的农艺性状、产量性状及茎秆汁液品质进行调查分析。结果表明：4月底播期，辽甜1号、辽甜3号的茎秆产量和汁液锤度在各播期里最高，分别达4 329.11 kg/亩（1亩=666.7 m2，下同）、5 340.28 kg/亩和21.18％、18.27％，是这2个品种在南宁地区的最佳种植时期。3月到8月播期，茎秆产量、籽粒产量及汁液锤度都表现良好，是这2个品种在南宁地区的适宜种植时期。     

江苏淮南麦区主栽小麦品种耐迟播特性研究

为了解小麦品种间耐迟播性的差异,以扬麦16、扬麦18、扬麦20、镇麦9号、宁麦14和镇麦168等6个淮南麦区主栽小麦品种为材料,研究了不同播期（11月8日、11月15日、11月22日和11月29日）下小麦品种的产量、生育特性及抗逆性特点。结果表明,随播期的推迟,6个小麦品种产量均呈下降趋势,其中扬麦18和镇麦9号四个播期的产量均在4 500 kg·hm^-2以上,表现出较好的丰产性和耐迟播性;扬麦18对赤霉病的抗性最强,但生育期长（190~206 d）,成熟期最晚推迟至6月6日,且田间出现倒伏现象。综合来看,本试验条件下,淮南麦区小麦适播期为11月8日至11月15日,11月22日是最晚临界期。镇麦9号综合农艺性状较好,适宜淮南麦区晚播种植。     

The influence of date of sowing and seed rate on the production of pure-sown red clover

Hungaropoly tetraploid broad red clover was sown at seed rates of 6, 12 or 18 kg ha^-1 on six dates from April to September 1971. Three crops were harvested in 1972 and one in June 1973. In 1972, total herbage dry matter yields ranged from 5.22 to 12.22 t ha^-1 and red clover dry matter yields from 3.61 to 11.92 t ha^-1 when meaned over all seed rates. April to July sowing dates gave significantly higher yields than later sowings. In general, August and September sowings gave the lowest red clover contents in a range from 63.2 to 96.5%, the highest digestibilities within a range 61.9 to 65.0% and the lowest crude protein contents in a range 15.5 to 17.3%. The influence of seed rate was less marked than sowing date. Mean annual yields of total herbage dry matter increased from 9.88 to 10.85 t ha^?1 as seed rate was increased from 6 to 18 kg ha^?1. Red clover dry matter yields and contents of red clover and crude protein in the total herbage also followed this trend. The sowing date effects on total herbage yield and content of red clover did not persist into the second harvest year but the seed rate effects were still noticeable. Plant numbers in spring the first harvest year and hence percentage survival from sowing were depressed by late sowing; plant numbers rose but percentage survival declined as seed rate was increased. The seed rate effects on plant population persisted until spring of the second harvest year but sowing date effects did not. Better stands of red clover were obtained from sowings made between April and June, when a seed rate of 12 kg ha^?1 was adequate. The adverse effects of late sowing cannot be fully compensated by raising seed rates of clover. There was a significant interaction between seed rate and date of sowing. For April-May sowings, seed rate was not critical. Thereafter, a linear effect of seed rate on yield was discernible.     

播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响

从4月30日到7月29日设立10个播种期,研究不同播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响。结果表明：播种期对芝麻生育期影响明显,呈先升后降,然后小幅上升的趋势;随着播种期推迟,芝麻株高、始蒴高度和单株产量表现为先升后降趋势,其中单株产量于5月21日播种达最大值;蒴节数、每蒴粒数和千粒重呈不断下降趋势;蒴果长和蒴果宽变化不明显;空稍尖长度变化的规律性不明显,于第6期（6月9日播种）和第7期（6月19日播种）达最大值;播种期之间的小区产量差异达显著或极显著水平。因此,播种期对芝麻生育期和产量性状影响明显,适宜播期为5月上旬到7月中旬,其中5月下旬播种产量最高。     

播期对饲用油菜鲜草产量和品质的调控研究

为确定华北平原饲用油菜高产优质的适宜播期，选用甘蓝型油菜品种4个，设置4个播期，研究不同播期下温度对饲用油菜鲜草产量和饲用品质的调控效应。结果表明，随播期推迟，饲用油菜生育期内日均温与有效积温升高，花前生育期天数缩短但花后生育期延长，总生育期天数缩短2～7 d。饲用油菜鲜草产量随播期推迟呈降低趋势，3月28日前播种超过35 t/hm2；品种间华油杂62鲜草产量显著高于其它品种（P<0.01）。饲用油菜鲜草产量和饲用品质与纤维含量显著负相关，中性洗涤纤维含量与苗期的有效积温量极显著负相关，与营养生长和花后有效积温量显著正相关。因此，在华北平原春播饲用油菜可选用华油杂62，播期以3月8日-3月18日为最佳，鲜草产量稳定在50 t/hm2以上，具有较高的粗蛋白、淀粉、水溶性碳水化合物和总可消化养分含量，可实现华北平原饲用油菜的高产优质生产。     

不同播期对春玉米产量及产量构成的影响

2016、2017年,在哈尔滨地区以早熟、中熟、晚熟不同熟期各2个玉米品种为试材,设6个播种处理,明确不同播期对玉米生育期和产量及其构成的影响,探索适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植玉米品种的播期,选择在遇到低温冷害等极端天气需要的替代品种。结果表明,哈尔滨当地品种最迟播种时间为5月6日,能够保证玉米正常成熟。在5月6日后中熟品种产量高于晚熟品种,产量均呈降低趋势。若前期遇到低温冷害等极端天气,播种推迟至5月中旬左右时,应选择中熟品种代替晚熟品种,确保玉米产量安全。     

冬水田播期对不同熟期杂交稻产量及光能利用率的影响

为探明冬水田区播期对不同熟期直播杂交稻产量和光能利用率的影响,以早熟杂交稻川作优8727、中熟杂交稻辐优838、迟熟杂交稻内6优107为材料,于2019年进行不同播种期(5个播种期分别为3月15日、3月20日、3月25日、3月30日、4月4日)大田试验,研究播种期对不同熟期直播稻产量、产量构成、干物质量、光能利用率的影...     

播期和种植密度对旱地玉米生长发育及产量的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究不同播期和5.25万、6.00万、6.75万和7.50万株/hm2不同种植密度对玉米品种先玉335和强盛388生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,植株株高和穗位高升高,茎粗和单株干物质重降低,播期推迟使这种升高和降低效应进一步加强。玉米产量在密度间的变化根据玉米品种不同而异,整体均表现为晚播处理产量较低,中播处理较高。随着播期提前,玉米生育期也相应延长,生育期延长的影响主要表现在播种至拔节期。先玉335在早播和中播条件下适宜密度为6.75万株/hm2,晚播条件下适宜低密度种植;强盛388在3个播期下均适宜低密度种植。本地区旱地玉米最佳播期在4月27日左右,适宜播种密度为6.75万株/hm2左右,玉米茎秆性状及产量指标较优。     

不同播期对春大豆生态性状的影响

将来自北纬22.7°至北纬50.2°的19个春播大豆品种在2 a内分4期进行播种,研究了播期对不同生育期类型春大豆的形态和产量等生态性状的影响.结果表明:株高和主茎节数随着播期的延迟逐渐降低,并且降低幅度随着播期的延迟而增加.在各种熟期类型品种中,中早熟类型品种的株高和主茎节数降低的幅度最大.不同播期下大豆植株的地上生...     

水稻大棚旱育苗不同播期对秧苗素质及产量的影响

经过小区试验,研究了水稻不同播期对秧苗素质及产量的影响,结果表明,水稻播期自3月28日到4月20日,随着播期提前,秧苗素质提高,产量越高;3月28日到4月5日播种,秧苗素质好,产量高,应在水稻生产上推广应用。     

Sheep grazing and defoliation of contrasting varieties of organically grown winter wheat with and without undersowing

Field experiments in Gloucestershire, UK, in the 1990–91, 1991–92, 1993–94 and 1994–95 growing seasons explored the merits of grazing in spring a traditional tall wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety, Maris Widgeon, with more modern shorter varieties. In the first 2 years, defoliation was achieved by mowing at 7 cm in March and/or April. In the second 2 years, varieties sown at two sowing dates were grazed by sheep at a stocking rate of 42 × 50 kg sheep ha^?1 for 3 or 4 days in March. Defoliation reduced crop height and interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In 1991–92, mowing significantly reduced grain yield of some of the shorter varieties but not of Maris Widgeon. This interaction was related to the amount of PAR intercepted. In this year, mowing improved the establishment of undersown white clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), but in subsequent years the conditions were much drier and undersowing failed. In the last two experiments, grazing in March did not significantly reduce grain yield of any variety. The quality of the forage eaten by the sheep had a modified acid-detergent fibre (MADF) content of less than 300 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM) and a crude protein (CP) content of more than 200 g kg^?1 DM in both seasons. Yield of DM and calculated metabolizable energy (ME) of different varieties removed by the sheep interacted strongly with sowing date. September-sown Maris Widgeon provided ≈ 0·7 and 0·3 t DM ha^?1 (or 7·8 and 3·4 GJ ME ha^?1) in March 1994 and March 1995 respectively. However, the shorter wheat varieties, Hereward and Genesis, only provided 0·3 and 0·1 t DM ha^?1 when sown at the same time in the 2 years. At later sowing dates all of the varieties only provided about 0·1 t DM ha^?1 when sown in October 1993, or 0·01 t DM ha^?1 when sown in November 1994. Sheep grazing reduced total weed biomass in June, and reduced the emergence of weed seedlings from soil samples collected after the wheat harvest. Effects of defoliation on foliar infection by Septoria tritici were inconsistent.     

播期与密度对郑单958产量形成的影响

以典型耐密高产品种“郑单958”为试材,研究播期与密度对其子粒灌浆和产量及产量构成因素的影响。研究结果表明,随播期推迟和密度增加,子粒干物质积累量呈降低的趋势;灌浆进程随密度增大而延迟,播期对其影响相对较小。本试验条件下早播低密、早播中密、早播高密与中播低密、中播中密处理下产量较高,与其他各处理产量差异达到显著水平。“郑单958”适宜播期在4月21日至5月11日之间,适宜密度为45 000～67 500株/hm²。     

Effect of tetrachloronitrobenzene (fusarex) on emergence and yield of potatoes. Part III. — Northeast

Foundation seed potatoes of Katahdin, Kennebec and Pungo varieties were treated with Fusarex dust at three dates during the 1966–67 storage season. In 1967 these treated seed potatoes were planted in uniform tests and compared with untreated and desprouted seed potatoes. Cooperators in Maine, Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut planted the seed lots, recorded plant emergence, and obtained yield data. Initial emergence of Fusarex-treated and desprouted seed was delayed when compared with untreated seed except in Pennsylvania where both initial and final emergence of Pungo and Kennebec was improved by Fusarex treatment. Final emergence of January and March Fusarextreated seed of all three varieties was better than that of untreated and desprouted seed in Pennsylvania. At all other locations improvement of plant stand by Fusarex seed treatment was very erratic. The March Fusarex treatments resulted in an average yield equal to the untreated seed. Yield of tubers from chemically treated Katahdin seed was not significantly affected when compared with untreated seed at four of the five locations. November treatment of Kennebec seed with Fusarex adversely affected yields at three of the five locations. In Connecticut all Fusarex seed treatments reduced yields of Kennebec. Pungo seed treated with Fusarex produced yields in most cases that were not statistically higher than that of untreated seed.     

播期对花生农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

以普通花生品种（冀花9号、冀花10号、冀花12号）、高油酸花生品种（冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号）为材料,通过田间小区试验,设置7个播种时期（4/25、5/6、5/16、5/26、6/6、6/15、6/26）,研究不同播期对花生生长发育、产量指标和品质的影响,以期确定花生最佳播种时期,为集成优质高效栽培技术奠定基础。结果表明,冀花10号、冀花12号、冀花13号、冀花16号的农艺性状表现为主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数多;而冀花9号和冀花11号则表现为主茎矮、侧枝短、分枝少。6个花生品种荚果平均产量为4716.22 kg/hm2,籽仁平均产量为3469.52 kg/hm2。以籽仁产量最高的冀花12号（3541.99 kg/hm2）为对照,普通花生品种冀花9号、冀花10号减产0.35%~1.91%;高油酸花生品种冀花11号、冀花13号、冀花16号减产2.11%~5.54%。随播期的延后,各个播期的花生农艺性状及产量指标基本遵循5/6-5/16 > 4/25 > 5/26-6/26的变化趋势。5/6-5/16播期的平均荚果产量和籽仁产量分别5547.16 kg/hm2、4204.24 kg/hm2,油酸/亚油酸比值平均12.90。4/25播种,荚果和籽仁减产约5.16%,油亚比为14.61;5/26日播种,荚果和籽仁减产约9.05%,油亚比降低35.56%。晚于5/26播种,主茎高变矮7.40%～22.89%、侧枝长变短7.07%～24.89%、单株分枝数减少3.74%～9.70%、单株结果数降低4.59%～21.78%、百果重减少6.59%～27.94%、百仁重减少10.35%～32.33%、荚果减产17.97%～45.78%、籽仁减产21.80%～52.50%、油亚比降低50.57%～73.30%。综合考虑农艺性状、产量指标及品质优劣,河北省中南部地区露地平播花生的最适播期为5/6至5/16之间,最晚不应晚于5/26。     

菜用大豆品种筛选与最佳播种期的研究

以省外引进的3个菜用大豆品种及湖南省的湘春豆18号为材料,研究了湖南长沙春播条件下不同播种期对菜用大豆产量、产值、生育期及主要经济和商品性状的影响;筛选出适合长沙地区种植的2个优良菜用大豆品种淮早1号和宁沪95-1;明确了湖南长沙春播菜用大豆栽培时期,3月27日至4月4日播种可获得较好的经济效益.     

播期对青贮大麦产量和青贮品质的影响

为探究新疆北部地区播期对青贮大麦产量、青贮原料品质和青贮品质的影响,以3个大麦品种(系)(垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号)为材料,分别于3月18日、4月2日、4月17日播种,对其青贮农艺性状、干草产量、青贮原料营养成分和青贮品质进行分析。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,青贮大麦生育期大幅度缩短,4月17日播种时生育期较3月18日缩短22~23 d。晚播会显著降低大麦干草产量,晚播(4月17日)时3个品种(系)干草产量比早播(3月18日)降低15.2%~24.2%,其中垦啤麦13降幅最大。推迟播种使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号茎、穗的干物质分配比例下降,叶的干物质分配比例上升。晚播使P13-3和甘啤4号洗涤纤维含量(中性和酸性)和粗脂肪含量分别显著上升和下降,显著降低P13-3的粗蛋白含量,提高甘啤4号可溶性碳水化合物含量。播期对青贮品质影响因品种(系)而异,晚播降低了甘啤4号青贮的pH值、氨态氮含量,提高乳酸含量,对其他品种(系)无显著性影响。总体来看,新疆青贮大麦在外界条件允许的条件下,应适当早播。     

Effects of planting date and variety on flooded rice production in the deepwater area of Thailand

Crop management plays an important role in the transition from a deepwater rice to a flooded rice production system but information about optimum management strategies are currently lacking. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of planting date and variety on flooded rice production in the deepwater area of Thailand. Two experiments were conducted at the Bang Taen His Majesty Private Development Project in 2009 and 2010 to represent conditions prior to flooding (early rainy season) and after flooding (dry season). The early rainy season crop covered the period from May to October 2009, while the dry season crop covered the period from November 2009 to April 2010. The experimental design was a split plot with four main plots and three sub plots replicated four times. The treatments for the main plot were various planting dates, while the treatments for the sub plots were rice varieties. The dates of the critical developmental phases of rice were recorded and biomass was sampled during the growing period. The collected data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and treatment means were compared to identify the appropriate plating date and the best variety for the area. The highest average yield was obtained for variety PSL2 across transplanting dates from June 19 to July 23, with an average yield of 3898 kg ha⁻¹. The dry season crop showed that both biomass and yield were affected by the interaction between planting date and variety. The highest yield was obtained for variety PTT1 transplanted on November 9. The research showed that the variety PSL2 is the most suitable variety for early rainy season production with a transplanting date ranging from June 19 to July 23, while the variety PTT1 planted on November 9 was the best management practice for the dry season crop. However, a high yielding flooded rice variety that has a short growth duration is still needed for this area.