多头绦虫抗原特性的研究--脑多头蚴纯化抗原反应原性评价

脑多头蚴病是由多头绦虫的幼虫－脑多头蚴引起的危害绵羊和犊牛的一种严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。多年来，国内外兽医工作者很重视对该病的研究，在其病原、生活史、流行因素、诊断、防治等方面取得了很大进展。我们在明确了多头蚴抗原的免疫原性后［１，２］，又对抗原的纯...     

羊脑多头蚴病ELISA试验用抗原制备的初步研究

用羊脑多头蚴包囊头节、犬多头多头线虫节片经超速离心制备的抗原以及多头蚴包囊液抗原,分别对32头份羊脑多头蚴病阳性血清和63头份阴性血清进行EISA检测。头节抗原、节片抗原和囊液抗原的阳性率分别为81.25％、78.12％和53.12％,前两者阳性率均高于后者;其阴性率分别为82.54％、79.36％和80.95％。进而以头节抗原对32头份羊脑多头蚴病血清、25头份羊细颈囊尾蚴病血清、12头份羊棘球蚴病血清和7头份羊肝片吸虫病血清以及31头份羊肝片吸虫病阴性血清进行ELISA试验。结果,分别有26头份、9头份、4头份、1头份和1头份为阳性反应。经Dancan’s检验,多头蚴病血清S/N平均值明显地高于多头蚴病阴性血清。从而初步证明头节抗原用于诊断羊脑多头蚴病具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

浅谈羊脑多头蚴病的诊治方法

脑多头蚴病又称脑包病是由多头绦虫的幼虫（多头蚴）寄生于羊脑或脊髓内而引发的严重寄生虫病,主要危害绵羊,尤其是2岁以下绵羊易感,该病发生无明显季节性,一年四季均可发生。脑多头蚴的成虫直径为2—3微米,数目100～200个,中绦期为多头蚴,呈囊状。     

藏系羊脑包虫病诊治措施

<正>脑包虫病又名脑多头蚴病,当地牧民叫"转脑疯",其蚴虫有100~250个头节而得名,该病是其幼虫寄生于羊脑而引起的寄生虫病。本病无季节性,以春季为高发季节,对养羊业危害极大。本文通过湟源县一起患脑多头蚴病藏系羊,论述及分析了该病的发病原因,对本病的不同临床症状、诊断、预防进行了介绍,并运用手术摘除法治疗,效果良好。1病因羊脑包虫病又称羊多头蚴病,其成虫为多头带绦虫寄生于犬科等食肉动物的小肠内,蚴虫寄生于羊的脑和脊髓里     

从一例羊脑多头蚴病谈该病的防治

本文从2016年某羊场感染羊脑多头蚴病案例着手,对羊脑多头蚴病病原、流行病学进行了较为详细的总结,重点分析了其主要临床症状,以及该病的诊断要点,随后提出了该病的综合防治措施,有助于相关从业人员更好的认识并防控该病。     

羊脑包虫病的防治及体会

<正>羊脑包虫病又称脑多头蚴病,是由寄生于犬(狼或狐等)的多头绦虫的幼虫(脑多头蚴)寄生在羊的脑脊髓内引起的一种寄生虫病。该病以脑炎、脑膜炎及周期性转圈运动为特征,是危害羊群的严重寄     

吡喹酮治疗肉绵羊脑包虫病的体会

羊脑包虫病称脑多头蚴病,是由带科多头属的多头绦虫的中绦期幼虫脑多头蚴,寄生于绵羊、山羊脑部和脊髓所引起的一种绦虫蚴病。该病主要危害2岁以下的幼龄绵羊,人偶尔也可感染。随着肉羊业的发展,我国从国外引进许多肉绵羊品种,这些肉绵羊品种对脑包虫病更加易感。如果不能及时对该病进行有效预防和治疗,会造成羊只大批的死亡,给养羊业带来巨大经济损失。笔者多年来利用非手术法,即口服吡喹酮治疗肉绵羊脑包虫病,取得了很好的效果。     

用SOD同工酶酶谱鉴定脑多头蚴细胞系

用ＰＡＧＥ比较了绵羊脑多头蚴细胞系细胞、脑多头蚴原头节细胞及心肌细胞的ＳＯＤ同工酶酶谱。结果表明,脑多头蚴细胞系细胞与脑多头蚴原头节细胞的ＳＯＤ同工酶酶谱区带相同,而与心肌细胞的显著不同,说明脑多头蚴细胞系细胞来源于脑多头蚴原头节。这可作为鉴定该细胞系的依据,并为鉴定不同物种来源的细胞提供快速、简便、可靠的检测途径。     

一例波尔山羊脑多头蚴病的诊治

脑多头蚴病,俗称脑包虫病,是由多头绦虫的幼虫即脑多头蚴寄生在动物的脑和脊髓内引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状,甚至死亡的严重寄生虫病。多头蚴可危害山羊、黄牛、耗牛、猪、马,甚至人类。该病散布于世界各地,并多见于犬活动频繁的地方。2009年3月上旬我市某养羊户饲养的波尔山羊发生了以周期性神经症状为特征,病羊作回转、前冲或后退运动的疫病。经专业部门人员的综合诊断,确诊为脑多头蚴病。具体诊治隋况报告如下。     

脑包虫病的诊断及防治措施

脑包虫病(脑多头蚴病)是由于多头绦虫的幼虫--多头蚴寄生在绵羊、山羊的脑、脊髓内,引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状,甚至死亡的严重寄生虫病.多头蚴还可危害黄牛、牦牛、猪、马甚至人类.成虫则寄生于犬、狼、狐、豺等肉食兽的小肠.该病散布于全国各地,并多见于犬活动频繁的地方.     

The shedding of the outer glycocalyx of juvenile Fasciola hepatica

Freshly excysted Fasciola hepatica possess an outer glycocalyx which on incubation at 37 degrees C is rapidly shed. Using an ELISA technique the release of this parasite antigen was shown to be temperature-dependent and to occur in both normal bovine serum as well as in serum free conditions. The ELISA failed to detect the antibody--antigen complexes that occurred when flukes were incubated in immune serum. Release of specific parasite antigen fell slowly with in vitro cultured flukes, but increased with in vivo cultured flukes. Using a fluorescence inhibition assay, antigens with high ELISA titres inhibited surface fluorescence of the parasite suggesting that the ELISA was detecting surface antigens as well as other parasite metabolic products. Several metabolic blocking agents and commercial antihelminthics were titrated against juvenile F. hepatica to screen for inhibition of the surface--tegument shedding: there was little selective inhibition of surface shedding without a significant loss of motility.     

Development of ELISAs based on recombinant antigens for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in sheep and cats.

ELISAs using recombinant parasite polypeptides as antigens were developed to measure Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in the sera of sheep and cats. Compared with an ELISA based on traditional parasite antigen, the ELISA for sheep sera had a sensitivity of 79% and a negative predictive value of 80%, and the ELISA for cat sera had a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Both ELISAs had specificities of 100% and positive predictive values of 100%. These ELISAs appear to be a useful cost-effective alternative to ELISAs based on traditional parasite antigen for the measurement of T. gondii-specific antibodies in the sera of sheep and cats.     

Leishmania major infections in Phlebotomus duboscqi fed on murine models immunized with L. major subcellular antigens and sandfly gut antigens

The ability of antibodies in bloodmeals of mice and hamsters immunized with Leishmania major subcellular fractions and sandfly (Phlebotomus duboscqi) gut antigens to inhibit development of L. major in its vector P. duboscqi was examined. Antibodies from animals immunized with either L. major subcellular fractions alone or sandfly gut antigen alone were not very effective in inhibiting development of L. major in the sandfly. When P. duboscqi were fed on blood from animals immunized with both parasite flagella and sandfly gut antigen, development of L. major was significantly inhibited (P<0,05). Control sandflies fed on naive animals displayed a normal pattern of parasite development to the metacyclic stage. Electron microscopy studies showed that one of the mechanisms through which antisandfly gut antibody can cause inhibition of parasite development is by lysing sandfly gut epithelium. This study has demonstrated that it is possible to reduce transmission of leishmaniosis through immunization against both the parasite and its sandfly vector.     

The contribution of molecular biology to the development of vaccines against nematode and trematode parasites of domestic ruminants.

Rapid developments in molecular biology have had an enormous impact on the prospects for the development of vaccines to control the major nematode and trematode infestations of livestock. Vaccine candidates are purified using conventional protein chemistry techniques but the limitations imposed by the scarcity of parasite material provide an insurmountable barrier for commercial vaccine production by this means. The ability to purify mRNA from different parasite life-cycle stages and to prepare cDNA expression libraries from it has proven central to the identification of immunogenic parasite proteins. Potentially, protective parasite antigens can now be produced in recombinant form in a variety of vectors and this represents a key breakthrough on the road to commercial vaccine production. The contribution of molecular biology to this process is discussed using several examples, particularly in vaccine development against the pathogenic abomasal nematode of sheep and goats, Haemonchus contortus, and the liver fluke of sheep and cattle, Fasciola hepatica. The difficulties of producing recombinant proteins in the correct form, with appropriate post-translational modification and conformation, are discussed as well as emerging means of antigen delivery including DNA vaccination. The opportunities offered by genome and expressed sequence tag analyses programmes for antigen targeting are discussed in association with developing microarray and proteomics technologies which offer the prospect of large scale, rapid antigen screening and identification.     

Potential of a recombinant antigen as a prophylactic vaccine for day-old broiler chickens against Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella infections.

A genetically engineered Eimeria tenella antigen (GX3262), produced as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase and identified with a monoclonal antibody, induced partial but significant protection in young broiler chickens against experimental E. tenella and Eimeria acervulina infections. The antigen appears to share a T-helper cell epitope with the parasite as evidenced by (a) booster inoculation with either the recombinant antigen or with a small number of live oocysts enhanced the protective immunity in GX3262 primed chickens, and (b) ability of the antigen to induce in vitro stimulation of T-cells from chickens immunized with antigen or parasite. These observations suggest the feasibility of a single vaccination of 1 or 2-day-old broilers with GX3262 to induce an acceptable degree of protective immunity. The implications of the observations reported here are far reaching in terms of a practical coccidiosis vaccine for poultry, and show for the first time that 1-day-old broiler chickens can be efficiently vaccinated with a recombinant antigen against one or more species of Eimeria.     

寄生虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶核酸疫苗的研究进展与应用前景

就寄生虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶的一些生理生化与免疫学性质进行了概括,阐述了该酶与宿主免疫应答之间的作用关系,证明了该酶具有作为研制高效核酸疫苗的条件,同时综述了寄生虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶核酸疫苗的发展以及应用前景。     

免疫荧光检测技术及其在寄生虫检测中的应用进展

免疫荧光技术(immunofluorescence technique)是在生物化学、显微镜技术和免疫学基础上发展起来的一项检测技术,是用荧光标记的抗体或抗原与被检样品中相应的抗原或抗体结合,在显微镜下检测荧光,并对样品进行分析的方法。它把显微镜技术的精确性和免疫学检测的特异性、敏感性有机地结合在一起。这一方法的特点是特异性强、灵敏度高。作为一种快速诊断方法,目前广泛应用于病毒、细菌病的诊断,也是许多动物寄生虫病(如弓形虫病)的常规诊断方法。随着标记抗体、抗原的普及,免疫荧光技术在寄生虫病诊断方面的应用将更加广泛。     

Serodiagnosis of haemonchosis with a somatic antigen (Hc26) in several breeds of sheep.

Sera from 53 sheep belonging to Castellano, Churro, Manchego, and Merino breeds were analyzed to test the diagnostic value of a 26-kD antigen from adult Haemonchus contortus at prepatency and early and late patency of experimental haemonchosis. Animals that received zero, 1, or 2 infections with the parasite were tested. In addition, sera from 20 experimentally infected and 10 noninfected Texel sheep were used to test the antigen. Sera from 37 infected animals at prepatency as well as at patency in primary and secondary infection were found positive with the 26-kD antigen. However, sera from 10 animals with the lowest worm burdens (second infection) did not recognize the antigen during early patency (day 28 postinfection). IgG1 was the only isotype implicated in antigen recognition because IgG2, IgA, and IgM, in the same sera, showed no reactivity with the peptide. Antigen specificity was confirmed because hyperimmune sera against infective larvae and adult stages of the most common gastrointestinal nematodes found in natural infections in sheep (Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta) did not recognize this peptide. The antigen was recognized only by anti-adult H. contortus hyperimmune sera and appeared to be absent in the L3 parasite stage. In addition, the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the diagnostic peptide is reported.     

犬细粒棘球绦虫粪抗原夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立特异性和敏感性高的检验犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的方法。用细粒棘球绦虫(简称,Eg)成虫抗原分别免疫兔和绵羊,收集高免血清,纯化的高免抗体。依据抗体夹心ELISA工作原理,以兔抗体包被,检测感染Eg、不同犬带科绦虫的实验犬和空白犬粪样,绵羊抗体扑捉抗原,HRP标记兔抗绵羊IgG(1∶8 000)催化显色,用酶标仪测定OD 405nm吸光度,用以确定其特异性和敏感性。试验结果表明,敏感性为82.69%(43/52),特异性为85.88%(140/163);粪抗原在感染细粒棘球绦虫16d后可检出,最低抗原浓度为9.7ng/mL即犬感染5条成虫时可检测出阳性。该检测方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏性,为进一步研制检测细粒棘球绦虫虫体抗原ELISA检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

Seroepidemiological study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Swaziland

A cross-sectional study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Swaziland using a serodiagnostic ELISA for parasite antigen is described. The seroprevalence and the levels of parasite antigen were compared in the sera of cattle from different geographical localities, and from areas of high or low population density. Cattle from the Lowveldt region, which has a hot and dry climate relative to the other areas investigated, exhibited significantly higher serum antigen levels. Seroprevalence was also higher in the Lowveldt but this difference was not found to be significant. Within the Lowveldt, antigen levels were found to be slightly elevated in cattle from more highly populated areas. It is suggested that either human behaviour and/or practices in animal husbandry, or increased susceptibility of cattle to reinfection at certain times of the year, may enhance transmission in the Lowveldt since climatic conditions in this region are not conducive to transmission.