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Hoffman N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5492):711c-714c
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An important trend in materials science is the use of increasingly sophisticated methods to control composition and microstructure during processing. Near-surface modification by ion implantation and laser treatment is one of these new methods for tailoring material properties. Novel materials have been formed which are far from thermodynamic equilibrium and which exhibit unexpected and useful properties. The most extensively studied property changes include modified electrical properties of semiconductors and improved wear, hardness, and corrosion resistance of metals. The high degree of control available with energetic beams allows relations between microstructure and properties to be systematically investigated at the atomic level. This article illustrates how ion and laser beam modification is being applied to advance both the technology and the exploratory science of materials. 相似文献
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新鲜羊膜移植术治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的临床研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究新鲜羊膜移植术治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的可行性、手术方法和临床效果。方法:眼表烧伤晚期病例18例(18眼),其中角膜血管翳8例,角膜溃疡7例,睑球粘连3例,采用新鲜羊膜移植治疗。手术方法:单层与多层羊膜移植或联合眼睑成形,角膜缘干细胞移植术。术后随访6~12个月。结果:18例术后植片均未见急性排斥反应,术后4~6周稳定愈合;13眼视力有不同程度提高。18眼中有17眼治愈。结论:新鲜羊膜是治疗眼表烧伤晚期并发症的有效方法。 相似文献
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在对秦王川南部地区表层土壤含盐量分析的基础上,结合遥感数据提取的NDVI值,研究了该地区土壤盐分的特征及其与植被发育之间的关系.结果表明:研究区内1/3样点存在盐渍化现象(含盐量在2~4 dS/m),仅部分局部地区属于中度盐渍化(QW11含盐量为7.09 dS/m);土壤盐分含量总体上呈现出由北至南逐渐增大的趋势;在样... 相似文献
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为研究潇河灌区无机水化学特征及其控制因素,本研究于2021年10月至2022年8月对潇河灌区地表水进行采样分析,综合运用相关性分析、数理统计和离子比值等方法,分析研究区地表水化学类型及离子来源特征。结果表明:研究区水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca型,优势离子为Mg2+和HCO3-,分别占阳离子和阴离子的35.41%和68.49%。地表水体受岩石风化影响显著,离子含量的时间变化特征显著,2月和6月总溶解性固体含量最高。Ca2+、Mg2+和K+来源于硅酸岩风化,HCO3-来源于碳酸岩风化,Cl-、SO42-和NO3-主要受人类活动影响。 相似文献
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一种基于混合纹理特征的木板材表面缺陷检测方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用计算机视觉技术检测木板材表面缺陷。提出了一种基于混合纹理特征的表面缺陷检测算法,能准确、鲁棒地检测出木板材表面图像中是否有缺陷。首先,分别使用灰度共生矩阵方法、Gabor滤波方法和几何不变矩方法提取了10个优化后的图像纹理及尺度、平移、旋转不变特征;然后,对特征向量进行有效组合;最后,基于融合后的混合纹理特征向量,应用BP人工神经网络对样本集进行训练和检测。实验表明,该方法能准确地对木板材表面缺陷进行检测,平均检测成功率达96.2%。 相似文献
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为研究径流小区紫色土在不同坡长下人为扰动地表后土壤微团聚体及颗粒组成的分形特征,通过野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了在20、40和60m坡长下扰动地表与自然坡长下土壤微团聚体及颗粒组成的分形特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤颗粒组成中的优势粒级是0.250~0.050 mm,含量在33.21%~22.55%。土壤微团聚体中的优势粒级是0.250~0.050mm,次级优势粒级是0.050~0.010mm。扰动地表下的土壤分形维数小于自然坡长下的分形维数,坡长越长分形维数越高。坡长越长土壤养分含量越高,即:604020m,3种坡长扰动地表处理下的土壤养分均小于自然坡长下的土壤养分。土壤分形维数同土壤容重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),同土壤全量养分呈极显著相关(P0.01),扰动地表下的土壤分形维数同土壤孔隙度呈显著或极显著相关(P0.01或P0.05)。土壤微团聚体机及颗粒组成的分形维数能较好地反映紫色土区土壤的理化性状,更加直观的体现人为扰动地表后土壤理化性质及土壤性状的变化,为紫色土区土壤质量评价和农业评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
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鸭跖草(Commelina commumis L.)是黑龙江省大豆田危害最严重的恶性杂草之一,并且对一些除草剂的耐药性较强.利用石蜡切片和光学显微镜技术对黑龙江省大豆田恶性杂草鸭跖草叶片表皮形态特征及解剖结构进行研究,以期探讨其耐药性强的细胞显微结构基础.结果表明,鸭跖草叶片表皮细胞排列紧密,无胞间隙,细胞均略呈方形或... 相似文献
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Imaging elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells with ion microscopy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems. 相似文献
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An x-ray projection microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device camera allows direct observation of zinc (Zn(2+)) ions diffusing in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution during the corrosion of zinc foil and pellets. Time series of microradiographic images with a lateral resolution on the order of 10 micrometers allow observation of the time and spatial evolution of the colorless Zn(2+) ions in solution without any previous treatment. The concentration distribution of the ions can be quantified from these images. This technique should find applications in the biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry of aqueous solutions, allowing direct observation of the behavior and concentration fluctuations of medium or heavy ions moving in a weakly absorbing medium. 相似文献
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探明中国西部地区农户遭受的贫困冲击状况,为制定精准扶贫政策提供参考,采用问卷方式对云南省武定县和会泽县、贵州省盘县和正安县、陕西省洛南县和镇安县1 368户农户的家庭、住房、资产、农业、收入和消费等情况进行实地调查,并根据当地农户遭受各种冲击的调查统计结果分析其对家庭生活的影响。结果表明:在调查的1 368户农户中,西部贫困地区农户的家庭人口普遍较多,抚养比较高,劳动力缺乏,收入消费水平较低,遭受过不同冲击的农户达79%。在3大类冲击因素中,灾害冲击占比最大,为61.7%;社会冲击其次,为40.4%;经济冲击第3,为26%。农户因病致贫返贫现象较严重,各种冲击对农户种植业、养殖业及家庭生产生活的影响较大,有50%的农户在面对各种冲击时仍没有应对措施。提出了农户面对3大类冲击应采取的措施。 相似文献
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《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2015,(4)
以大庆市现货商场的物流模式转变为主要研究对象,分析了大庆市现货商场物流模式的现状与存在的主要问题,探讨了在网络营销环境下,随着大庆市现货商场营销模式的转型,物流模式如何转变,最后提出了大庆市现货商场物流模式转变的对策。 相似文献
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The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites. 相似文献
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Cacace F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4979):392-399
The spontaneous decay of chemically bound radioactive atoms affords a route to ions of well-defined structure and charge location, free of counterions. The nuclear nature of the ionization process makes it insensitive to environmental effects, so that exactly the same charged species can be generated, and its reactivity investigated, in widely varying media, from low-pressure gases to liquids and solids. Techniques based on nuclear decay are used in studies of the production of otherwise inaccessible species, the structural characterization of free ions, and the comparative evaluation of their reactivity in different environments, in particular, gas phase and solution. 相似文献
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黔滇交界区坡耕地分区治理模式及效益评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
王震洪 《山地农业生物学报》2006,25(1):23-29
针对长江上游黔滇交界区坡耕地特点,提出相应的分区治理模式并评价了模式的生态经济效应.结果表明,生态区光叶紫花苕地上部分生物量为31 845.75kg · hm-2,青蒿为23 968.50kg · hm-2,可为经济区提供20 000kg有机肥、756kg氮、130.57kg磷、970.3kg钾、3 000m3浇灌用水;经济区大豆和小麦产量之和为4 459.28kg · hm-2,与试验前全部种植粮食作物的坡耕地相比增加20%,产量与有机肥和水分用量间呈对数函数关系.经济区大豆和小麦收获时,0~20cm耕作层每公顷分别库存氮2.45t、2.49t;磷3.51t、3.48t;钾15.46t、15.33t.大豆和小麦种植分别从土壤中吸收氮187kg、92kg;磷25kg、8kg;钾119kg、65kg,生态区最少要为经济区补充氮167kg、85kg;磷31kg、7kg;钾131kg、57kg才能满足有机肥效函数对应最高产量的养分需求,维持氮、磷和钾的营养平衡.生态区和经济区土壤入渗速率随时间的变化呈幂函数关系,土壤累计渗透量与渗透时间呈对数函数关系. 相似文献