城镇化人为扰动下垫面类型影响水源涵养功能的评价

城镇化引起的各种人为扰动地貌单元的水源涵养功能较原地貌明显降低是造成城市水土流失的主要原因,在降雨和排水管网设计能力一定条件下,也是加剧城市内涝的主要原因。该文采用野外调查、室内物理分析及AHP(analytic hierarchy process)层次分析综合评价法,系统地分析了各种人为地貌单元的物质组成和持水性能变化并综合评价了其对原地貌水源涵养功能的影响特征。结果表明:1)各种扰动地貌单元2 mm土体颗粒质量分数在45%以上,原地貌2 mm土壤颗粒质量分数在92%以上;扰动地貌不均匀系数和曲率系数分别在11.05~41.30和0.32~3.15之间变化,其中不均匀系数较原地貌减小了4.51%~80.27%;各种扰动地貌单元土壤容重为施工便道(1.74 g/cm3)边坡绿化带(1.54 g/cm3)1 a弃渣堆积体(1.48 g/cm3)2 a弃渣堆积体(1.34 g/cm3)3 a弃渣堆积体(1.31 g/cm3),比坡耕地依次增加33.85%、18.46%、13.85%、3.08%和0.77%;扰动地貌的土壤总孔隙度、土壤田间持水量和饱和含水量则表现出相反趋势。2)人为扰动地貌单元土壤入渗性能总体小于原地貌单元,而原地貌土壤稳定入渗率则在2.83~6.22 mm/min之间变化;当项目区林地转化为新弃渣堆积体时对降雨和城市洪水动态调节功能影响最大,转化为施工便道时影响最小;人为扰动地貌单元土壤水库总库容、兴利库容和滞洪库容总体低于原地貌,当项目区草地转化为施工便道时对土壤持水能力及调蓄地表径流能力危害最大。3)各种扰动地貌单元水源涵养能力明显小于原地貌单元,以施工便道(0.421)最差,林地最好(0.651);在城镇化过程中应重视城镇水面、林草地的空间分布及占地面积,对短期松散堆积体也最好进行临时绿化措施。4)加强对扰动地貌物质组成、大孔隙结构和降雨-径流-入渗连续性定位研究,同时关注各扰动地貌在不同压实条件下土壤水库蓄水性能对项目区雨洪过程线和排水系统的影响。研究结果可为城市水土保持生态服务功能恢复、城市绿化带建设和洪水内涝缓解提供科学依据。     

水电站弃渣场岩土侵蚀人工模拟降雨试验研究

在金安桥水电站选定渣场弃渣颗粒径级分析基础上,用人工模拟降雨方法,对弃渣堆积平台和边坡的岩土侵蚀特征进行了研究,结果显示:(1)堆积弃渣颗粒在剔除>2 cm石块后,粒径>4 mm弃渣颗粒占48.42%,比原地貌表层土壤大13.64%,而原地貌表层土壤中粒径<0.25 mm颗粒占15.81%,弃渣中相同径级的颗粒占8.56%。(2)一次降雨过程中,弃渣堆积平台径流量最大,是原地貌荒草地的2.27倍,弃渣堆积坡面径流量最小,仅为原地貌荒草地的45.5%。(3)一次降雨过程中,弃渣堆积平台和坡面的初始含沙率均低于植被条件较差的原地貌荒草地的含沙率,达到稳定含沙率时,弃渣坡面的含沙率与原地貌荒草地接近,而渣场堆积平台的含沙率远低于原地貌荒草地。(4)一次降雨过程中,相同时段内的产沙总量原地貌荒草地最大,弃渣堆积平台次之,弃渣堆积坡面最小。(5)弃渣场岩土侵蚀过程中,产流量与产沙量之间呈显著的幂函数关系。     

不同植被恢复年限弃渣场入渗性能研究

为科学预测弃渣场水土流失量及评价其植被恢复效应,采用双环入渗法研究了不同植被恢复年限的弃渣场平台及边坡处的入渗特征,结果表明:不同植被恢复年限的弃渣土体容重、有机质含量及毛管孔隙度均随植被恢复年限的增加而增大,植被恢复从1年变化到2年,其容重差异在0.07~0.14 g/cm~3之间;弃渣入渗过程大致存在入渗率迅速降低(9 min内)、缓慢降低(10~60 min)和趋于稳定(60 min后)三个阶段;平台处的稳定入渗率随植被恢复年限的增加呈先增加后减小趋势,而边坡处的稳定入渗率则随植被恢复年限的增加呈先减小后增加趋势;Horton模型对弃土弃渣入渗过程拟合的相关系数最大(平均0.923),是反映其入渗过程的适宜模型。     

生产建设项目弃渣场物理性质变化特征及类型划分

各种生产建设项目在建设过程中产生的大量弃土弃渣场,由于其失去了原生土壤的结构且具有较陡的松散堆积面,是人为水土流失的主要地貌单元。以重庆典型生产建设项目弃渣场为研究对象,在分析弃土弃渣物理力学性质变化特征基础上,划分了弃渣场类型并分析其生态修复特征。结果表明:1)不同生产建设项目弃土弃渣物质组成特征差异明显,矿产资源开发建设工程物质组成复杂,砂粒(2 mm)含量为39.24%;线性建设工程以石砂质渣体居多,而城镇建设工程弃渣以土质弃渣为主。2)与原状土壤相比,弃土弃渣受人为机械扰动而其物理力学性质特征显著;紫色土弃渣平均紧实度(1.86 g/cm3)远大于原状土壤(1.27 g/cm3),渗透性(0.28~26.03 mm/min)高于原状土壤(0.73~6.22 mm/min),抗剪强度和液塑限指数相比土壤也明显降低,直接影响其自身稳定性和抗侵蚀性能。3)在生产中可根据弃渣场物质组成、原地貌类型、上游有无汇水面积进行类型划分,并以堆放方式作为主要依据评价弃土弃渣堆积体的土壤侵蚀特征和稳定性。     

生产建设项目弃土弃渣与林地土壤入渗特征分析

针对弃土弃渣物质组成复杂、结构混乱、养分含量较低的特点,采用野外双环入渗方法对不同堆置年限弃土弃渣水分入渗性能进行了研究。结果表明:与桑树林地相比,弃土弃渣土石混合不均匀导致其孔隙结构较差,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度均显著小于林地;桑树林地与弃土弃渣入渗过程最大的差异在于初始入渗阶段,此阶段弃土弃渣入渗率下降迅速并呈波动性减少趋势,且入渗特征与土体疏松多孔的结构特征、自然含水率和容重关系密切;最大持水量表现为桑树林地Ld(116.37 t/hm2)>堆置3年弃土弃渣L3a(106.77 t/hm2)>堆置1年弃土弃渣L1a(103.98 t/hm2),非毛管持水量表现为Ld(82.65 t/hm2)>L3a(51.74 t/hm2)>L1a(43.22 t/hm2),林地的水源涵养功能明显强于弃土弃渣,而L3a土壤持水性能要高于L1a。     

水电站工程弃渣场土壤侵蚀规律研究

采用现场调查和定位观测等方法,对金安桥水电站工程弃渣场弃渣容重、粒径组成,原地貌和渣场绿化边坡、弃渣场松散堆积物边坡以及堆积平台和运渣道路的土壤侵蚀量进行了研究.结果显示:①弃渣场不同部位的渣土容重均值分别为1.70 g/cm3、1.30g/cm3和0.96g/cm3;②弃渣颗粒在剔除＞ 2cm石块后,粒径＞4mm的弃...     

水电工程建设对土壤理化性质的影响研究——以金安桥水电站为例

为研究水电工程建设对土壤理化性质的影响,选取金安桥水电站重塑地貌2^#弃渣场和3^#弃渣场的土壤为研究对象,未受工程施工扰动的灌草丛、林地和农田的原地貌土壤作为对照,对土壤理化性质进行测定,结果显示：①土壤容重为重塑地貌大于其原地貌;②总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度为原地貌高于其重塑地貌,非毛管孔隙度则相反;③重塑地貌2^#和3^#渣场的表层渣体粒径都较粗,〉5mm粒径的颗粒组成百分比就达到64．53％和65．11％,比例不合理,而原地貌农田的土壤粒径组成基本呈正态分布;④土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效钾含量均为原地貌大于重塑地貌,而全磷、速效磷含量则相反。研究结果表明水电工程建设对土壤理化性质影响较大。     

不同恢复年限弃渣场入渗特征研究与评价

为分析弃渣场入渗性能及其植被恢复效应,采用野外双环入渗和主成分分析方法,分析和评价不同恢复年限弃渣场入渗特征。结果表明:(1)弃渣场恢复年限2个月(P1),2a(P2),4a(P3)和桑树林地(P4)的初始入渗率依次为11.32,9.34,15.84,19.38mm/min,稳定入渗率为4.64,3.62,6.71,7.81mm/min;桑树林地的稳定入渗率为3个弃渣场的1.68,2.16,1.16倍;(2)Kastiakov模型的拟合效果优于通用经验模型、Philip模型和Horton模型,其决定系数为0.905~0.956;(3)入渗特征值与土壤容重,20~5mm,5~2mm颗粒含量呈显著负相关(p0.05),与非毛管孔隙度、有机质含量和2~0.075 mm颗粒含量呈显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)正相关;(4)主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序依次为P4(2.398)P3(0.792)P1(-1.104)P2(-2.089);随着恢复年限的增加,弃渣场入渗性能得到较好的改善且接近桑树林地。     

不同植被恢复年限弃渣场边坡土壤物理性质特征

研究不同植被恢复年限弃渣场土壤侵蚀物理性质特征,可为生产建设项目弃渣场水土流失防治及植被恢复提供理论基础。本文以重庆市典型弃渣场为研究对象,采用野外调查及室内综合分析等方法研究不同恢复年限弃渣场的边坡不同部位土壤物理性质特征。结果表明:不同恢复年限弃渣的细小颗粒(0.25mm)含量差异较大,其随着时间的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势;随着恢复年限增加,弃渣容重呈减小的趋势,2月弃渣容重在1.48~1.64 g/cm3,4年弃渣容重可达1.20~1.40 g/cm3,而弃渣场不同坡位的总孔隙度均与土壤容重呈反比;土壤水分含量明显增大,4年弃渣边坡的自然含水率为2月和2年弃渣的2倍左右,田间持水量也以4年弃渣最大,其平台及边坡的平均持水量为22.26%;在植物根系及其枯落物作用下,弃渣边坡土壤物理性质得到改善,其增强了边坡稳定性。     

采石废弃地弃渣与农田土混合土壤粒径特征及水文效应

探究弃渣与农田土不同混合比例下重构土体粒径特征和水文效应的差异,对于提高采石废弃地重构土体的结构稳定、水资源高效利用以及资源利用化具有重要意义。以采石场弃渣和农田土为重构基质,以0∶10(C₁),3∶7(C₂),5∶5(C₃),7∶3(C₄),10∶0(C₅)体积比例混合,采用野外土柱模拟方法,探究不同配比下土壤粒径特征和水文效应的差异。结果表明:(1)不同配比下弃渣含量越高,砂粒比重越大、黏粒和粉粒比重越小,砂粒比重最大为61.50%,分散度、偏度、峰态等群体特征参数变化分别为降低、升高、升高,不均匀系数显著降低,曲率系数在1~3波动,分形维数呈不显著降低趋势,土体结构朝不稳定方向变化。(2)混合土壤弃渣含量增大会引起容重变大、毛管孔隙和总孔隙数量减少、非毛管孔隙数量增加等土壤孔隙方面以及田间持水、毛管持水、饱和持水三者下降等土壤持水性能方面的变化,同时,初始入渗、稳定入渗、平均入渗等速率变化以及累计入渗量基本呈增加趋势,稳渗用时呈波动式变化。不同配比下土壤入渗模型拟合R²≥0.856,RRMSE≤0.153,整体上模型拟合效果较好,灰色关联分析结果表明,C₅入渗性能最好。(3)弃渣∶农田土以3∶7体积比例混合后的土壤在粒径结构和水文效应2个方面评价结果中表现最佳。[JP]     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.