基于遗传神经网络的苹果综合分级系统

充分利用计算机视觉和人工神经网络技术 ,建立了一个苹果综合外观品质检测与分级系统 ,实现了对苹果的正确分级 ,正确识别率可达 90 .8%。还借助于遗传算法对 BP网络进行设计 ,提高了其学习速度。     

园林介壳虫综合治理信息咨询专家系统

系统收集介壳虫生物学和生态学资料,提供介壳虫计算机辅助识别功能,分析介壳虫发生特点和防御对策,建立介壳虫天敌资料库。在防治档案和农药处方库的支撑下,在园林害虫网站导航系统帮助下,分析汇总各地的防治经验,提供优化的化学防治方案。介绍使用VB开发简便实用的地理信息系统,利用VB的IE Navigate方法实现网站导航功能和ADO技术在数据库系统中的应用技巧等。     

An integrated 3D log processing optimization system for hardwood sawmills in central Appalachia,USA

An integrated 3D log processing optimization system was developed to perform 3D log generation, opening face determination, headrig log sawing simulation, flitch edging and trimming simulation, cant resawing, and lumber grading. A circular cross-section model together with 3D modeling techniques were used to reconstruct 3D virtual logs. Internal log defects (knots) were depicted using a cone model with apex at the central axis of the log. Heuristic and dynamic programming (DP) algorithms were developed to determine the best opening face, primary log sawing, edging and trimming, and cant resawing optimization. The National Hardwood Lumber Association (NHLA) grading rules were computerized and incorporated into the system for lumber grading. Sawing methods considered in the system include live sawing, cant sawing, grade sawing, and multiple-thickness sawing. The system was tested using field data collected at two central Appalachian hardwood sawmills. Results showed that using the optimization system can significantly improve lumber value recovery. The optimization system can assist mill managers and operators in efficiently utilizing raw materials and increasing their overall competitiveness in the ever-changing forest products market.     

生物质能源集成生产系统的研究

分析了生物质能源集成生产系统组成以及与其他系统之间的关系.按照物质无害化、减量化、资源化原则,以生态农业为基础,结合现代物流管理理念与生物质转化技术,设计了生物质能源集成生产系统,并对集成生产系统进行了分析.     

An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes, determined the presence of amplifications and deletions using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, and performed gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing technologies in 22 human tumor samples. This comprehensive analysis led to the discovery of a variety of genes that were not known to be altered in GBMs. Most notably, we found recurrent mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in 12% of GBM patients. Mutations in IDH1 occurred in a large fraction of young patients and in most patients with secondary GBMs and were associated with an increase in overall survival. These studies demonstrate the value of unbiased genomic analyses in the characterization of human brain cancer and identify a potentially useful genetic alteration for the classification and targeted therapy of GBMs.     

统筹城乡发展与农业推广体系建设

提出统筹城乡发展多元化农业推广体系应着重试行教育、科研和推广三位一体的农业推广模式、参与式农业推广运行模式和专家培训与推广员服务相结合的模式。建议城乡统筹农业推广发展应建立地域特色的政府推广中心和互动式农业推广信息系统,建立良好的农业灾害防灾减灾体系,为农业发展提供便捷高效的综合服务,形成体制稳定、保障有力的法制保障和科学核定编制、改革用人机制和绩效考评机制。     

上海数字农业系统集成平台

通过开发农业监测设备和环境调控机电设备通信协议服务器,解决应用软件与不同厂家设备的数据采集和过程控制通信协议不一致的难点,实现农业监控现场总线等异构网与以太网的集成.集成平台采用了Web GIS与组态动画嵌入技术,将数字农业各项技术系统成果集成为一体,实现了对各子系统统一监测、控制和跨子系统的联动,为用户提供了空间可视化、管理智能化和资源共享、远程管理的网络平台.     

航空电子设备综合智能检测系统

多种类、多型号航空电子设备应采用综合智能保障。本文以系统应具有通用性强、扩展性好、自动化程度高、易维修为设计原则,分析了软硬件系统平台的实现方法,并在实际系统设计时进行了运用与检验。     

An integrated approach to site-specific management zone delineation

Dividing fields into a few relatively homogeneous management zones (MZs) is a practical and cost-effective approach to precision agriculture. There are three basic approaches to MZ delineation using soil and/or landscape properties, yield information, and both sources of information. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated approach to delineating site-specific MZ using relative elevation, organic matter, slope, electrical conductivity, yield spatial trend map, and yield temporal stability map (ROSE-YSTTS) and evaluate it against two other approaches using only soil and landscape information (ROSE) or clustering multiple year yield maps (CMYYM). The study was carried out on two no-till corn-soybean rotation fields in eastern Illinois, USA. Two years of nitrogen (N) rate experiments were conducted in Field B to evaluate the delineated MZs for site-specific N management. It was found that in general the ROSE approach was least effective in accounting for crop yield variability (8.0%–9.8%), while the CMYYM approach was least effective in accounting for soil and landscape (8.9%–38.1%), and soil nutrient and pH variability (9.4%–14.5%). The integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach was reasonably effective in accounting for the three sources of variability (38.6%–48.9%, 16.1%–17.3% and 13.2%–18.7% for soil and landscape, nutrient and pH, and yield variability, respectively), being either the best or second best approach. It was also found that the ROSE-YSTTS approach was effective in defining zones with high, medium and low economically optimum N rates. It is concluded that the integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach combining soil, landscape and yield spatial-temporal variability information can overcome the weaknesses of approaches using only soil, landscape or yield information, and is more robust for MZ delineation. It also has the potential for site-specific N management for improved economic returns. More studies are needed to further evaluate their appropriateness for precision N and crop management.     

稻虾综合种养模式中小龙虾的品质评价

为研究稻虾综合种养模式中小龙虾的品质,选取了三种不同重量规格的小龙虾进行营养成分分析,结果发现：成体生长阶段的小龙虾营养价值最高。对成体生长阶段的小龙虾进行了活体和死体小龙虾的质构特性和风味物质分析,结果发现：成体小龙虾的活体和死体的质构除了硬度具有显著性差异外,其他各项参数无显著性差异;小龙虾采样后死亡2小时内,肉香味减少,同时产生了多种不良风味物质,建议不要食用死体小龙虾。可见,在水产加工阶段,选择体重为10-20克的成体活小龙虾进行加工,可达到最佳的风味、口感和营养价值。     

新疆综合生态系统管理信息系统研建

新疆是中国土地退化最为严重的省区之一,土地退化治理已成为新疆生态环境建设的重中之重.基于综合生态系统管理理念及3S技术而研建的新疆综合生态系统管理信息系统(土地退化),具有集数据的采集、传输、存储、管理、分析、决策、输人输出于一体的综合集成功能,可实现土地退化信息的综合管理、统一发布、直观浏览等,有望成为新疆土地退化防治管理的有力辅助工具.     

“福建省农业科技综合信息管理系统构建研究”

分析了当前农业科技信息化存在的问题,提出了信息化建设的解决方案,构建了以福建省农科院丰富的农业科技信息资源为基础、数字化网络为载体、融数字化科技信息的采集与存储、信息网络传输与分析处理、数字控制管理于一体的农业信息化生产管理体系;硬件系统构建主要包括网络、安全、服务器和存储设备等,业务应用系统开发包括科研管理与办公自动化系统、农业专业数据库与资源整合及农业科技信息网站系统等.论述了该项目的总体思路、主要研究内容、系统平台构建,以及测试运行情况和应用前景.     

长江中下游集约农区牧草周年高效供青生产系统的研究

通过对牧草4种免耕套播种植模式(特高/杂交狼尾草、特高/宁杂3号狼尾草、特高/JUMBO、特高/苦荚菜)和4种接茬种植模式(特高—杂交狼尾草、毛叶苕子—杂交狼尾草、冬牧70—宁杂3号狼尾草、冬牧70—JUM—BO)比较研究，初步明确了不同牧草不同播种期及种植方式下的供青期及产草量；“特高／杂交狼尾草”免耕套播种植模式总产量低于接茬种植模式的总产量；通过调节特高多花黑麦草的播期(可在9月中旬播种特高)，并加强肥水管理，可提早多花黑麦草的利用时期；为了尽可能地延长牧草供青期，可同时采用几种种植模式。本研究为长江中下游集约农区牧草周年高效供青生产系统的建立提供了实践基础。     

医院医卡通系统与图书馆管理系统的集成设计与实现

医院医卡通是建设数字化医院的重要组成部分,将医卡通系统与图书馆管理系统集成
管理,可方便医护人员借阅书刊,提高图书管理和服务水平。

     

Development of an integrated Cropland and Soil Data Management system for cropping system applications

Most cropping system models and decision support tools are structured for site-specific (i.e. field- or point-based) simulation and analysis. As the need grows for analyses on crop production and management at local, county, state, national, and even global scales, cropping system models and decision support tools are increasingly structured to provide the capability for area-wide simulation and analysis at a range of spatial scales. A major challenge is the development of a data management system that can provide dynamic access to large volumes of geo-referenced data needed by such applications. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology to develop a Cropland and Soil Data Management system that is capable of automatic data consolidation and integration, and can provide dynamic access to the integrated data by cropping system applications. The Cropland Data Management component of the system is based on the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) products from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service and is implemented with seven program modules: Data Requester, Data Fetcher, Data Parser, Geodatabase Builder, Map Service Builder, Map Cache Generator, and Cropland Map Viewer. The Soil Data Management component is based on the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and is implemented with six program modules: Data Requester, Data Fetcher, Data Parser, Database Builder, Soil Map Generator, and Soil Map Viewer. The approaches and methodology presented in the paper can serve as a reference for those who are interested in developing integrated cropping system applications.     

稻虾共作磷素平衡特征及生态经济效益研究

为研究稻虾共作生态系统磷素平衡状况和利用效率,通过田间试验,采用投入产出法,设置3个处理:水稻单作(RM)、稻虾共作投食(RC feed 1)、稻虾共作不投食(RC feed 0),分析了稻虾共作种植模式下水稻产量、磷素平衡状况、利用效率、环境风险以及经济效益。研究结果表明:3种处理水稻产量无显著差异;农田磷平衡均表现为盈余,RC feed 0处理农田磷盈余低于RM和RC feed 1处理;与RM和RC feed 1处理相比较,RC feed 0处理水稻茎叶磷素吸收量显著增加(P0.05),磷素利用率较高。在种植前期(6—8月),RC feed 0处理较RC feed 1处理显著降低了稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度;在水稻收获时,3个处理间稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度无显著差异。与RM处理相比较,RC feed 0和RC feed 1处理净收入分别增加了54.22%和51.11%。在综合考虑水稻产量效应、磷素平衡、磷素环境风险和经济效益的条件下,稻虾共作不投食模式是一种资源利用率较高、环境风险较小、经济效益好的种养模式。     

集成多业务的林业外业巡护系统研究与应用

集成多业务的林业外业巡护系统是指集成森林防火和生态公益林等林业多业务处理的,基于移动定位服务的,集外业移动终端和内业处理的支撑服务为一体的林业外业巡护系统。全面分析了林业各业务中与外业巡护和终端信息交互相关的业务,得出林业各业务之间进行协同作业的重要性和构建集成多业务处理的林业外业巡护系统的必要性;对系统进行了架构设计和物理部署设计,构建了集成多业务的林业外业巡护系统;提出了集成多业务林业外业巡护系统的关键技术,包括基于位置的服务（LBS）的终端信息采集技术、基于存储和转发服务（SMS）、通用分组无线服务（GPRS）的终端到各业务系统信息上传技术和基于LBS,SMS和GPRS的各业务系统到终端信息发布技术;并将以上技术及系统在云南省临沧市进行了应用实现。通过实际测试检验得出：系统的应用提高了外业巡护的工作效率,增强了业务处理的协同性,节约了林业部门的运营成本。系统是适合当前林业发展现状和符合信息化管理需求的。     

种养加一体化的理论初探与政策建议

推动种养加一体化是加快转变我国农业生产方式,实现可持续发展的内在要求。在系统分析种养加一体化的基本内涵和理论基础上,阐述我国种养加一体化发展的现状特征及问题,探讨推动种养加一体化发展的内在逻辑及实现路径。研究认为,种养加一体化的本质是发展"以养带种、以加促养"的产业链结构,核心是构建产业链各环节经营主体间的利益联结协调机制,目标是提升产业竞争力、提高产品附加值,使得参与主体共享增值收益,同时实现循环可持续发展。当前存在种养加各环节联系不紧密、主体间利益联结机制不完善、一体化发展规模小带动力不强等问题,建议通过支持产业龙头企业、创新主体间利益联结机制和鼓励规模化种养基地建设等方面推动种养加一体化发展,从完善政策支撑体系、强化金融信贷支持和加强科技支撑服务等方面给予支撑保障。