Molecular analysis of acute promyelocytic leukemia breakpoint cluster region on chromosome 17

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; FAB M3) is characterized by a predominance of malignant promyelocytes that carry a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17, t(15;17) (q22;q11.2-q12). This translocation has become diagnostic for APL, as it is present in almost 100 percent of cases. A Not I linking clone was used to detect this translocation initially on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subsequently with conventional Southern (DNA) analysis. The breakpoints in ten APL cases examined were shown to cluster in a 12-kb region of chromosome 17, containing two CpG-rich islands. The region is the first intron of the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARA).     

Amplification and rearrangement of Hu-ets-1 in leukemia and lymphoma with involvement of 11q23

The Hu-ets-1 oncogene was found to be rearranged and amplified 30-fold in one case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in which a homogeneously staining region occurred on 11q23; the oncogene was rearranged and amplified approximately tenfold in a case of small lymphocytic cell lymphoma with an inverted insertion that also involved band 11q23. This work suggests that Hu-ets-1 is an unusual oncogene that can help explain the common involvement of chromosome band 11q23 in various subtypes of hematopoietic malignancies.     

The role of the c-mos gene in the 8;21 translocation in human acute myeloblastic leukemia

The human c-mos proto-oncogene is located on chromosome 8 at band q22, close to the breakpoint in the t(8;21) (q22;q22) chromosome rearrangement. This translocation is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia, subgroup M2. The c-myc gene, another proto-oncogene, has been mapped to 8q24. The breakpoint at 8q22 separates these genes, as determined by in situ hybridization of c-mos and c-myc probes. The c-mos gene remains on the 8q-chromosome and the c-myc gene is translocated to the 21q+ chromosome. Southern blot analysis of DNA from bone marrow cells of four patients with this translocation showed no rearrangement of c-mos.     

Genome rearrangement and nitrogen fixation in Anabaena blocked by inactivation of xisA gene

Two genome rearrangements involving 11- and 55-kilobase DNA elements occur during the terminal differentiation of an Anabaena photosynthetic vegetative cell into a nitrogen-fixing heterocyst. The xisA gene, located on the nifD 11-kilobase DNA element, was inactivated by recombination between the chromosome and a copy of the xisA gene that was mutated by inserting an antibiotic gene cassette. Site-directed inactivation of the Anabaena xisA gene blocked rearrangement of the 11-kilobase element and nitrogen fixation, but did not affect rearrangement of the 55-kilobase element, heterocyst differentiation, or heterocyst pattern formation.     

猫急性白血病的FAB分型命名

猫的急性白血病是猫的肿瘤性疾病中最常见的一种恶性肿瘤疾病,临床发病急、死亡率高．但在临床治疗中,又因各种类型的细胞起源、基因类型、病理学过程对治疗的反应差异显著,给临床和判断预后造成极大的困难,所以各种类型的正确分类和命名对指导猫的急性白血病临床治疗有重要价值．本实验研究借鉴目前国际医学上采用的 Ｆ Ａ Ｂ分类方法,将临床收治的 ３８ 例急性白血病病猫进行分型命名．由此认为, Ｆ Ａ Ｂ能为动物白血病临床诊断和治疗提供合理依据,从而为动物白血病的研究开辟一新的途径     

Modeling the initiation and progression of human acute leukemia in mice

Our understanding of leukemia development and progression has been hampered by the lack of in vivo models in which disease is initiated from primary human hematopoietic cells. We showed that upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice, primitive human hematopoietic cells expressing a mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion gene generated myeloid or lymphoid acute leukemias, with features that recapitulated human diseases. Analysis of serially transplanted mice revealed that the disease is sustained by leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) that have evolved over time from a primitive cell type with a germline immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene configuration to a cell type containing rearranged IgH genes. The L-ICs retained both myeloid and lymphoid lineage potential and remained responsive to microenvironmental cues. The properties of these cells provide a biological basis for several clinical hallmarks of MLL leukemias.     

Unusual immunoglobulin gene rearrangement leads to replacement of recombinational signal sequences

An unexpected immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, signal sequence replacement, was observed in which the recombinational signal sequences of a VH gene segment are fused intact to the 5' end of a DJH element. Nucleotides are not lost from the signal sequences, but they may be lost from the DJH coding sequence. Signal sequence replacement may result from the alternative resolution of an intermediate in VH-to-DJH recombination. This type of rearrangement provides a means to alter the targeting of immunoglobulin gene segments and suggests a mechanism for the occurrence of VH-JH junctions in vivo. Signal sequence replacement may represent an additional pathway for the generation of antibody diversity.     

急性白血病患者化疗方案中应用力素对化疗药物急性心脏毒性的影响

目的：观察急性白血病化疗患者应用力素（二丁酰环磷腺苷钙）对化疗药物急性心脏毒性的影响。方法：将初治急性白血病患者58例分成治疗组（n=28）和对照组（n=30）两组,治疗组在普通化疗方案的基础上加用力素治疗,对照组仅用普通化疗方案治疗．观察两组第二疗程化疗后心肌酶的变化、心力衰竭的发生情况．平均心率及心电图ST段的变化。结果：两组的心肌酶（磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶及α羟丁酸脱氢酶）、平均心率、心电图ST段的下移的程度差异均有显著性（P〈0．01或0．05）;但两组的心力衰竭发生情况差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：力素能够减轻化疗药物对急性白血病化疗患者的急性心脏毒性。     

Detection of an antigen associated with acute leukemia

Antiserums to a purified cell membrane component from a Burkitt's lymphoma tissue culture cell line were produced in rabbits. These antiserums were cytotoxic to peripheral white blood cells from 8 of 15 patients with acute leukemia and 5 of 41 relatives, but not to peripheral white blood cells from leukemia patients in clinical remission or from normal individuals. These antiserums appear to be detecting an acute leukemia associated antigen or antigens.     

A model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia in immune-deficient SCID mice

A human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line that was transplanted into immune-deficient SCID mice proliferated in the hematopoietic tissues, invaded various organs, and led to the death of the mice. The distribution of leukemic cells in SCID mice was similar to the course of the disease in children. A-1 cells marked with a retrovirus vector showed clonal evolution after the transplant. SCID mice that were injected with bone marrow from three patients with non-T ALL had leukemic cells in their bone marrow and spleen. This in vivo model of human leukemia is an approach to understanding leukemic growth and progression and is a novel system for testing new treatment strategies.     

普通小麦营养器官氮素和果聚糖的运转

 研究了普通小麦营养器官氮素和果聚糖的运转及其与籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的关系。结果表明 ,基因型间营养器官在氮素和果聚糖的累积和运转方面存在显著差异。高蛋白质基因型营养器官氮素累积多且转移也多 ,后期吸收较少 ;而低蛋白质基因型则正好相反。叶片是氮素的主要贮存器官 ,果聚糖则主要贮存在茎鞘。增施氮肥提高了营养器官氮素的累积和运转 ,但降低了果聚糖的累积和运转。叶片、茎鞘、全株营养器官总氮素的运转与籽粒蛋白质含量呈正相关 ;茎鞘、全株营养器官总果聚糖的运转与籽粒产量呈正相关。果聚糖的运转与籽粒蛋白质含量呈负相关 ,与氮素的运转则无相关。     

土壤-烟草系统中铅的迁移特征及形态分布

通过盆栽试验,以两烟草品种(云烟85和红花大金元)为对象,研究了重金属铅(Pb)在土壤-烟草系统中的迁移特征以及土壤与烟草各器官Pb化学形态分布特征。结果表明:与非根际土壤相比,根际土壤铁锰氧化物结合态Pb明显降低(降幅3.86%~22.33%),碳酸盐结合态、有机态和残渣态呈上升趋势。随着土壤Pb处理浓度的升高,两品种烟草生物量均显著降低,各器官Pb含量均显著上升,云烟85各器官Pb含量大小顺序为根叶茎,红花大金元为根茎叶。CK处理下两个品种烟草各器官Pb形态主要以氯化钠、醋酸和盐酸提取态为主(66.49%~72.40%),随着Pb处理浓度的升高,根部与叶部乙醇提取态Pb显著增加,这加剧了Pb的迁移性,红花大金元茎部Pb向盐酸提取态转化从而抑制Pb由茎部向叶部的转运。     

狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排后在小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞中的表型分析

【目的】探究狂犬病病毒HEP-Flury M基因重排对基因转录和蛋白表达的影响,揭示病毒在小鼠神经母细胞瘤(NA)细胞中的表型变化与M基因重排的相关性。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR、Western blot以及病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散试验,对亲本毒株rHEP-Flury和M基因重排毒株M2、M4在NA细胞中的基因转录、表达、生长和扩散进行比较。【结果】狂犬病病毒结构基因的转录和表达主要受病毒基因组RNA合成的影响,但是在一个完整转录过程中单个结构基因的转录比例与其所在位置相关,M基因重排病毒的Leader RNA (LeRNA)和L mRNA的转录比例显著高于亲本毒株rHEP-Flury。M基因重排病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都劣于亲本毒株rHEPFlury。【结论】狂犬病病毒亲本毒株rHEP-Flury具有狂犬病病毒原始的基因组顺序,在NA细胞中的生长和扩散都明显优于M基因重排病毒。结构基因在基因组中的位置主要决定其在一次转录过程中的转录比例,进而影响病毒在NA细胞中的生长和扩散。     

rhG-CSF对老年急性髓性白血病化疗预后的影响

目的观察重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对老年急性髓性白血病(AML)化疗后应用的疗效及时机。方法对2002年1月至2006年6月住院的62例老年急性髓性白血病患者(M3除外),以联合化疗方案诱导缓解治疗后,随机分为3组:G1组(n=20)、G2组(n=18)及非G组(n=24)。G1、G2组接受rhG-CSF治疗,剂量300μg/d,皮下注射:G1组在完成诱导缓解化疗24 h后即开始,G2组在完成诱导缓解化疗后中性粒细胞计数(ANC)<0.5×109/L时开始,2组均在ANC升高至1.5×109/L时停用;非G组不应用rhG-CSF。结果3组临床缓解情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。G1组及G2组粒细胞减少、发生感染的持续时间明显短于非G组(P<0.01)。G1组感染发生率低,与非G组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);G2组感染发生率与非G组、G1组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论预防性应用rhG-CSF对于预防、治疗老年AML患者化疗后伴感染、发热是有益的,且早期应用能进一步降低化疗后感染的发生。