奶牛隐性乳房炎病原的药敏试验及治疗措施

奶牛隐性乳房炎是奶牛的一种多发病,此病症会对奶牛养殖业造成重大的损失。采集某奶牛场的隐性乳房炎奶牛乳样进行药敏试验,结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌、乳房链球菌及无乳链球菌等细菌是主要的病原菌;致病菌对庆大霉素、磷霉素、西索米星和环丙沙星等敏感。笔者将试验结果与奶牛疾病防治现状相结合,制定出针对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗措施,以降低因奶牛隐性乳房炎造成的奶牛场经济损失。     

辽宁某牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎源链球菌耐药性研究

为了解辽宁阜新某奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎发生情况,采用体细胞计数法对奶牛场中94头临床表现健康的奶牛进行隐性乳房炎筛查,对检测后的阳性乳样进行链球菌的分离鉴定,并采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离所得的链球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示:该牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎的检出率为48.94%;对34株奶牛隐性乳房炎链球菌分离株进行体外药敏试验,发现菌株对头孢氨苄、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和磺胺甲基异恶唑耐药率最高(100%);对苯唑西林、阿奇霉素、林可霉素、多西环素、土霉素、红霉素的耐药率均在82.4%以上;对氨苄西林、阿莫西林和环丙沙星较敏感,敏感率分别为44.1%、50.0%及52.9%。结果表明:该奶牛场隐性乳房炎源链球菌多重耐药现象严重。     

奶牛乳房炎的诊断、乳样细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解广西梧州市飞天奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的发病情况及病因,本试验采用快速诊断法(简称BMT)对该奶牛场180头奶牛共702个乳区进行了一次检测鉴定,并采集患临床型乳房炎奶牛乳样进行细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验.结果显示180头奶牛有85头患有乳房炎,其中8头为临床型乳房炎,77头为隐性型乳房炎,奶牛乳房炎的发病率占47.2％,其...     

奶牛隐性乳房炎病原菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验

对平项山市某公司的奶牛场进行了隐性乳房炎普查、病原细菌分离鉴定和主要病原菌药敏试验,以期对该地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的防控提供理论依据。     

用凡士林药膏控制奶牛隐性乳房炎的试验研究

奶牛乳房炎严重影响奶产量和乳品质,显著降低奶牛养殖的经济效益.本试验以天津某大型奶牛场隐性乳房炎普查阳性个体为试验对象,对凡士林药膏的药用疗效进行了研究.结果显示,凡士林药膏可以有效控制隐性乳房炎的发展,阻止其向临床型乳房炎转变,较适宜在秋冬季节对奶牛乳房炎进行加强防治.     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的诊断方法及防治措施

奶牛乳房炎是由环境、微生物和牛体三者所构成的连锁反应而发生的,有临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎两种类型.在生产中因隐性乳房炎不易察觉而造成很大的损失,现就奶牛隐性乳房炎的几种检测方法进行简单介绍,并就防治措施对奶牛场做进一步指导,以提升奶牛场的经济效益,对奶牛场意义重大.     

某规模奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎致病菌的检测及药敏试验

乳房炎对牛奶产业和人类健康构成的危害愈来愈严重,是侵害奶牛最严重的疾病之一。为了掌握和摸清某规模奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎感染、流行情况,2014年8月底对银川市某规模奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎致病菌进行检测。采用5%绵羊红细胞血琼脂板对该场的40头泌乳奶牛乳样进行分离培养检测。结果显示该场奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为62.5%(25/40),药敏试验结果表明头孢噻肟、哌拉西林、阿米卡星最敏感,而青霉素、克林霉素、氨苄西林为耐药。     

新疆库尔勒市某奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎情况调查

为了检测和调查新疆库尔勒市某奶牛场泌乳奶牛乳房炎的发病率,对该奶牛场养殖的32头泌乳期奶牛用凝乳法进行了隐性乳房炎检测。结果表明,隐性乳房炎奶牛阳性率为40.63%,且乳房炎阳性率随奶牛使用年限的增加而增加;用挤奶机器挤奶的奶牛乳房炎阳性率高于手工挤奶,后乳区的乳房炎阳性率高于前乳区。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率调查及病原菌的分离鉴定

本试验调查了广东省大型奶牛场隐性乳房炎的发病率情况,并采集相关乳房炎样品进行细菌分离鉴定,确定广东省大型奶牛场奶牛乳房炎的种类. 1材料与方法 1.1奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率的调查方法 1.1.1加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)诊断液的配制诊断液由十二烷基硫酸钠40 g、苛性钠15g和溴钾酚紫0.1g溶于蒸馏水中定容到1 000 mL配制而成.     

皖北地区奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎调查

本试验应用体细胞计数法,４％苛性钠法,ＢＴＢ法和６％Ｈ２Ｏ２平板法对安徽省皖北地区１０个奶牛场的健康乳区进行了隐性乳房炎的检测。结果表明奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎检出率综合评判为３６．４％。其中私营奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎检出率和乳区阳性率较高。     

内蒙古地区奶牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病血清流行病学调查

应用ELLSA试验对来自内蒙古地区17个大﹑中﹑小型奶牛场的2391份牛血清样品进行了牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病抗体检测,并对其中222份抗体阴性牛应用ELISA试验进行牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病的抗原检测。结果表明：17个奶牛场均检出BVDV抗体阳性,共检出阳性血清2125份,阳性率最高达100%,最低为46.8%,平均为88.9%。对14个奶牛场进行了BVDV抗原检测,在5个奶牛场检出BVDV抗原阳性,阳性率为3.6%（8/222）。表明内蒙古地区奶牛场普遍存在牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病感染,感染率较高,并且牛群中存在持续性感染（PI）牛。     

Incidence of multifactorial diseases in Estonian dairy herds--a survey

An important precondition of a well-functioning dairy production is knowledge about the incidence of environmentally evoked non-infectious diseases in a particular herd, in the region and in the country as a whole. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of environmentally evoked multifactorial diseases in Estonian dairy herds, and to compare the disease incidence in small (< or = 100 cows) and large herds (101-300 cows). The disease incidence was recorded by local veterinarians in twelve production units with a total of 33 cowsheds and about 5000 dairy cows. Fourteen disease groups were formed. In order to describe the range of disease incidence, the relative frequency of each group of diseases was determined, as well as the incidence rate. The 95 % confidence interval was applied in order to assess the reliability of the incidence rates. The most common disorders of Estonian dairy cows are udder diseases, followed by uterine infection, metabolic diseases and retained placenta. The disease incidence in Estonian dairy herds is similar to that of other European countries. Most of the diseases occur more often in small herds than in large herds.     

奶牛腐蹄病的治疗及综合防治

蹄部是奶牛身体的支撑和运动器官,蹄部的健康是奶牛正常生产的重要保障,肢体疾病是影响奶牛生产的四大疾病之一,其中腐蹄病发病率占肢体疾病的20％～40％,影响奶牛的健康和产奶,严重者造成淘汰和死亡,给奶业生产造成较大的经济损失。     

新疆石河子和奎屯垦区奶牛场酮病调查

本试验采用酮粉法和水杨醛比色法,对采集自石河子和奎屯两个地区的11个奶牛场的奶牛血样进行了酮体的定性和定量检测,调查了这两个地区的奶牛酮病发病率.结果表明,石河子地区的奶牛酮病发病率为3.33％,奎屯地区的酮病发病率为1.52％.此次酮病调查促进了牛场酮病的监测、治疗及预防工作,有助于提高牛场的生产效益.     

Disease signs reported in south-eastern Australian dairy cattle while grazing Brassica species

Objective
To estimate the relative frequency of various disease signs in dairy cattle fed brassicas in south-eastern Australia, to estimate the incidence of disease signs within affected groups and to identify risk factors for commonly reported signs in brassica-fed dairy cows.
Design
A case series study and a case-control study.
Procedures
Case data was collected using an incident reporting system. Herd managers and veterinarians recorded details about disease incidents in brassica-fed dairy cattle in summer and autumn 1995 using a standard questionnaire. Potential risk factors for photosensitisation were assessed using a case-control study.
Results
Disease signs were reported in 66 groups of brassica-fed dairy cattle. Photosensitisation and bloat were the more frequently reported signs. While high incidences were reported in some groups, the incidence of disease signs was low within most affected groups. Photosensitisation occurred more frequently among groups of cows fed brassica crops treated with nitrogenous fertilisers or which were low yielding. Risks of other disease signs were greatest while the first one quarter of the crop was grazed.
Conclusions
In the study population, most disease outbreaks occurring in brassica-fed cattle were of low incidence. However, some high incidence outbreaks occurred. Results from this study suggest that important risk factors exist for disease signs in brassica-fed dairy cattle. Further studies are required if these risk factors are to be fully identified. This would allow the development of preventative strategies for high incidence disease outbreaks while feeding brassicas to dairy cattle.     

Estimating the costs of rearing young dairy cattle in the Netherlands using a simulation model that accounts for uncertainty related to diseases

The costs of rearing young dairy cattle are a part of the cost of the price of milk, as rearing produces the future dairy cows. As most dairy farmers are not aware of the rearing costs, the rearing of dairy replacements often does not get the attention it deserves. Calculating the distribution of the rearing costs throughout the rearing process is difficult as the costs are correlated with biological processes, such as variation in growth rate and disease uncertainty. In this study, a calf level simulation model was built to estimate the rearing costs and their distribution from 2 weeks of age until first calving in the Netherlands. The uncertainties related to calf diseases (calf scours and bovine respiratory disease) were included, in which both the probabilities of disease and the effects of diseases (growth reduction) differ at different ages. In addition, growth was modeled stochastically and in a detailed manner using a two-phase growth function. The total cost of rearing young dairy cattle was estimated as €1567 per successfully reared heifer and varied between €1423 and €1715. Reducing the age of first calving by 1 month reduced the total cost between 2.6% and 5.7%. The difference in the average cost of rearing between heifers that calved at 24 months and those calving at 30 months was €400 per heifer reared. Average rearing costs were especially influenced by labor efficiency and cost of feed. The rearing costs of a heifer that experienced disease at least once (20% of the simulated heifers) were on average €95 higher than those of healthy heifers. Hence, for an individual diseased heifer, disease costs can be rather high, while the relative contribution to the average rearing cost for a standard Dutch dairy farm is low (approx. 3%). Overall, the model developed proved to be a useful tool to investigate the total cost of rearing young dairy cattle, providing insights to dairy farmers with respect to the cost-efficiency of their own rearing management.     

The metabolic profile test: its practicability in assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases in high yielding commercial dairy herds

The aim of this study was to evaluate the practicability of using the metabolic profile test (MPT) as a preventive tool for periparturient disease of dairy cows. The MPT was assessed in 79 dairy herds with high incidence of periparturient disease and 76 healthy herds of cows producing more than 8,500 kg 305-day milk yield. The changes in metabolic profiles were also assessed in 17 dairy herds at two times, the first at high incidence of periparturient disease and the second after reduced incidence and improved feeding management. In the herds with high incidence of periparturient disease, low blood values of hematocrit, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, calcium and magnesium were observed in the dry period. These values correctly diagnosed malnutrition as the cause of periparturient diseases. Following feeding management changes, there was a low incidence of periparturient disease and the metabolic profiles were normal showing that feeding management had improved. We concluded that the MPT is a useful tool for assessing feeding management and periparturient diseases of dairy cows.     

汝南县奶牛附红细胞体病的流行病学调查与综合防控

目的 附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体（Eperythrozoon）寄生于人及动物的红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓中引起的一种人畜共患传染病。方法 为调查汝南县奶牛附红细胞体病流行情况,2020年3月到2021年2月选取748 头奶牛采用现场调查、询问和实验室诊断等方法进行流行病学调查。结果 汝南县奶牛附红细胞体病感染率为10.03%,其中,泌乳牛阳性率最高,为13.02%,青年牛次之,为10.20%,犊牛最低,为5.91%,7、8月为发病高峰期,发病率分别为14.55%、14.28%,1月发病率最低,为6.67%。结论 调查为汝南县奶牛附红细胞体病防治提供了科学参考。     

The seroprevalence of Johne's disease in Georgia beef and dairy cull cattle.

Beef and dairy cattle serum samples, collected during 2000 at sale barns throughout Georgia, were obtained from the Georgia State Brucellosis Laboratory and were used to conduct a retrospective epidemiological study. Statistical samplings of 5,307 sera, from over 200,000 sera, were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, (Johne's disease) using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit. An overall period seroprevalence in all classes of cattle tested was 4.73%. The period seroprevalence in dairy cattle was 9.58%, in beef cattle it was 3.95%, and in cattle of unknown breed it was 4.72%. It was concluded that the seroprevalence of Johne's disease in cull beef and dairy cattle in Georgia is economically significant.     

Incidence and treatment of dermatitis digitalis in dairy cows

In dairy cows of the Black Pied Lowland, Bohemian Pied breeds and their crossbreds loosely in large cow houses VKK 900 on slatted floors, 24% incidence of dermatitis digitalis was recorded during the period of one year. Relations between the occurrence of this disease, age and efficiency of dairy cows, time of parturition and season of the year were studied. Therapeutical effects of several methods of treatment were evaluated and compared. No effect of age and efficiency of dairy cows, nor of the year season on the occurrence of this disease was observed. A significantly higher occurrence was proved in the period before and after parturition, when 80% of the total occurrence of digitalis dermatitis were diagnosed. During this period, however, the cows were housed in a stable with markedly worse environmental circumstance than those in production stable. 91% cases of dermatitis were diagnosed on the digits of pelvic limbs. Relapses were determined only in five dairy cows. There was no case of the disease occurring in calves reared in the prophylactorium of the calf house. Therapeutical results were best after repeated mass treatment of the digits of dairy cows in 5% formaldehyde baths. The results of this study point at a conclusion that probable pathogens of this disease are specific infection agents, or that there are more synergic pathogens. A significant pre-disposition factor are bad environmental circumstances.