论面向新世纪的广西蚕业产业化

分析了广西蚕业生产的现状和急待解决的问题，提出蚕业产业化是广西蚕业发展的方向，全方面地阐述了蚕业产业化的核心内容和实施的关键，并提出了广西蚕业产业化发展的具体模式。     

蚕业产业化与蚕业站工作重心的转变

蚕业产业化生产是蚕业生产必由之路，为了促进这一产业化形势的发展，蚕业站必须转变工作重点，通过四种形式参与蚕业产业化的生产。     

推进蚕业产业化进程促进广西桑蚕业持续稳定健康发展

本文就目前我区蚕业生产的现状和几种蚕业产业化模式作了介绍，提出了产业化道路是我区蚕桑生产发展的必由之路，并对推进我区蚕业产业化进程谈了作者的几点意见。     

加快推进我区蚕业产业化进程的思考

概述蚕业产生化主要内容和特征，分析广西蚕业产业化面临主要制约因素，以及加快蚕业产业化进程的对策。     

浅谈广西蚕业产业化经营及其发展方向

从广西蚕业发展的现状提出产业化经营是广西蚕业发展的方向，并指出广西要实施蚕业产业化经营，应该注意解决的关键问题和促进产业化发展的措施。     

浅论农科教结合在蚕业产业化中的作用

加快蚕业产业化的步伐已经成为蚕桑生产可持续发展的一条必经之路。农科教相结合加速推进了现代蚕业园区建设；加速了蚕桑新品种，新技术，新成果的推广和辐射；提高了蚕业科技推广的到位率，加速实现了蚕桑生产的规模效益；能充分发挥科技和教育紧密结合的优势，提高厂蚕区蚕农的整体素质；通过建立蚕桑科技户和养蚕示范大户，促进了高效蚕业的发展和蚕业产业化的进程。因此，以农科教相结合为手段。走产，学，研和农业科技推广，农村教育相结合的道路，是一条初步实现蚕业产业化的可行之路。     

蚕业产业化模式分析与比较

本剖析和讨论了近几年比较成功的两种蚕业产业化生产经营模式：富安模式和雷州模式，并根据广东蚕业生产的杨具体情况，提出三种可行的蚕业产业化目标模式的设计。     

我国蚕业产业化组织模式分析与比较

蚕业产业化组织作为蚕业产业化运行的有效组织载体,不同的蚕业产业化组织模式,其组织模式、管理制度和运行机制必然会对蚕业发展产生不同的效率和效果。本文主要分析、比较了近几年国内比较成功的四种蚕业产业组织形式,并在此基础上,提出了比较可行的、能够真正保护农户利益、体现各组织载体市场主体地位平等的蚕业产业化组织模式,以期能够推动我国蚕业产业化的快速发展。     

四川蚕业产业化发展现状剖析

<正> 蚕业产业化是适应社会主义市场经济发展的客观需要,是实现蚕业“两个根本转变”的必然要求。为了推进四川蚕业产业化进程,建立以市场为导向,科技为支撑,资产为纽带,效益为动力,贸工农一体化,产供销一条龙的蚕业产业化经营体系。笔者对四川蚕业产业化发展状况进行了剖析,针对四川蚕业化的现状和问题,提出了进一步推进蚕业产业化发展的意见和建议。     

改革行政行为更好地为广西蚕业产业化服务

为了适应广西蚕业产业化发展，更好地为蚕业产业化服务，必须改革一些与产业化发展不相适应的行政行为，提出尽快出台一些有利于推动产业化发展的优惠政策。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …