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农业机械化发展的系统分析与制度创新 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
介绍了以英、美、日、韩为代表的国外农业机械化发展模式,对我国农业机械化发展现状、农业机械化的支持政策以及农业机械化技术支撑体系进行了系统分析,提出了以土地制度、户籍制度、市场交易制度和农业机械化科技与推广制度为主体的制度创新体系,为我国农业机械化的快速发展和社会主义新农村建设服务. 相似文献
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从我国农业机械化不足的现实问题出发,分析影响我国农业机械化的制度困境.认为家庭联产承包责任制的基本农地制度、农地产权制度、户籍制度以及农地制度相关联的融资制度,是制约我国农业机械化发展的制度因素.并提出增强我国农业机械化发展水平的的制度改革建议. 相似文献
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提高农业国际竞争力的农业机械化体制创新 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
农业机械化是农业现代化的重要内容.为此,分析了我国农业机械化的组织特点,指出了我国农业机械化过程中农机服务产业化是关键,并针对农机服务产业化问题,论述了我国农业机械化组织创新、管理创新和运行机制创新等方面的问题.随着农业产业化的深入发展,农机服务产业化的发展为农业机械化水平的提高创造了条件,从而也为农业国际竞争力的提高奠定了基础. 相似文献
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现代农业是以农业机械化生产为主要标志,而我国农业正处于半现代化的生产阶段,也就是机械化生产与传统的农业生产方式并存的阶段。如何加快农业现代化发展的步伐,农业机械化服务体制的改革是急需解决的关键问题之一,而农机社会化服务模式,是符合我国农村实际情况而且又能解决农业机械化生产的重大制度创新。 相似文献
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影响我国农业机械化发展的因素及对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
概述了我国农业机械化发展的现状;重点分析了影响我国农业机械化发展的因素:劳动力、土地状况等和农机产品相关的影响因素.同时,提出了改善我国农业机械化发展现状的对策:进一步完善社会保障制度,推进产业保障制度;促进农机产业的自主创新;农机服务专业化,旨在为我国农业机械化的发展提供参考依据. 相似文献
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农业机械化是现代农业发展的必然选择.我国旱作面积占耕地面积的55.1%,水资源匮乏,制约着现代农业的发展和经济水平的提高.因此,要发展旱作区农业,就要从发展旱作农业机械化着手,推进农业机械化技术在旱作农业中的推广应用和创新. 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1998,69(3):249-254
A model to represent the discolouration of dried powder of carrots as a function of temperature was developed. Two types of carrots, Asian and European, containing large amount of lycopene and β-carotene, respectively, were tested. The dried powder was stored under an atmosphere with O2and at three different temperatures, 5,20 and 35°C. The surface colour of the powder was monitored during storage by a Hunter colour ratioa/b. In the proposed model, the rate of oxidation was assumed to be represented by the product of the fraction of concentration of oxidized pigment at arbitrary time and a specific rate of oxidation of pigment. The rate parameters in the proposed model were calculated by fitting the experimental data with smooth curves by trial and error at the end of the induction period but before discolouration took place. The frequency constant and activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the rate parameters, were expressed by the Arrhenius relation. The simulation results of a Hunter colour ratioa/bof dried powder at 25°C showed good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the proposed model was effective for the prediction of discolouration of dried powder of both types of carrot. The use of the induction period in the manner described may enable the shelf life of dried powder to be predicted. 相似文献
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感官检验棉花的品级,这是农村常见的一种检测手段.它的一个主要特点就是存在不确定性.这是由于检验员的品级检验水平存在一定的差异,其中有很多因素制约着检验的结果.文章对影响感官检验结果的因素进行了系统的分析. 相似文献
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The fractional outflow rate of water from the rumen, measured as the rate of disappearance of the chromium complex of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, was related to a number of dietary factors. A multiple regression equation was derived which expressed fractional outflow rate as a function of the intakes of dry matter, ash, acid-detergent fibre and crude protein.The data analysed consisted of 243 observations for sheep on 59 diets, including forage, concentrate and mixed diets. The ranges covered by the data were: fractional outflow rate 0.7–3.6 day?1; dry matter intake 560–1400g/day; ash 4–30%, acid-detergent fibre 7–41%, crude protein 5–26 % of dry matter; there were no observations for sheep of less than 34 kg liveweight.The equation accounted for 56·3 % of the total variance. Between-sheep variance could not be calculated for the whole of the data but was undoubtedly substantial since, for a sixth of the data, it was known to account for 38 % of the total variance. 相似文献
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从灾害经济学的角度探讨了城镇供水优化调度的必要性和可能性,认为在缺水不可避免的情况下,对供水进行优化调度可以减小缺水带来的损失,产生较好的减灾效益,特别是可以大大减小严重干旱的灾害效应。并根据水资源的特性,提出了缺水损失的计算模式以及优化调度的原则和方法。 相似文献