天峻县部分乡镇牦牛弓形虫病的血清学调查

应用弓形虫抗体间接血凝诊断试剂,对来自青海省大峻县四个乡的360份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫抗体的检测和分析。结果检出21份阳性血清,血清阳性率为5.83%。为该地区及青海省高原高寒地区制定有效措施防治牦牛弓形虫病提供了一定的参考依据。     

甘肃天祝地区牦牛弓形虫病流行病学调查

为了解甘肃天祝藏族自治县牦牛弓形虫病流行情况,为制定科学防控措施提供参考数据,本次调查采用间接血凝法对该地区12个乡镇的397份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫抗体检测。结果显示,该地区牛群弓形虫血清抗体阳性率平均为24.18%,最高和最低的两个地区分别是赛什斯镇和毛藏乡,不同乡镇间的牦牛血清弓形虫抗体感染率有显著性差异(P0.05);雌性牦牛的弓形虫血清抗体阳性率略高于雄性;不同年龄比较,年龄小于3岁的牦牛阳性率最高。结果表明,该地区牦牛弓形虫病流行较为普遍,应引起重视。     

天祝白牦牛弓形虫感染情况调查

为查明天祝县白牦牛弓形虫感染情况,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县6个采样点共498份白牦牛血清进行弓形虫血清学检测。结果显示:87份待检血清呈阳性,阳性率17.47%,以1～2岁年龄段弓形虫抗体阳性率最高。     

甘肃省玛曲牦牛弓形虫血清流行病学调查及风险因素分析

为查明甘肃省玛曲县牦牛弓形虫感染情况并分析影响其感染的风险因素,采用改良凝集试验(MAT)法检测了该地区的610份牦牛血清,并应用流行病学、统计学方法对影响牦牛弓形虫感染的因素进行了分析。结果:牦牛弓形虫抗体阳性率为20.00%,年龄和季节是影响牦牛感染弓形虫的风险因素,胎次因素对母牦牛弓形虫感染的影响不明显(P0.05)。此次调查显示牦牛弓形虫抗体滴度最高可达1∶3 200,由此可知,甘肃省玛曲地区牦牛弓形虫感染率较高且感染强度较大。因此应对本地区的牦牛弓形虫病采取适当的控制措施,以确保当地牦牛养殖业的健康发展。     

青海省互助县牦牛弓形虫病血清学调查

应用IHA方法对青海省互助县7个地区100份牦牛血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,以抗体效价≥1:64为阳性判定标准,结果表明互助县7个地区不同程度感染牦牛弓形虫病,平均感染率为12.15%。并且不同性别的牦牛弓形虫阳性率差异不显著(P0.05),说明互助地区的牦牛群中弓形虫病的阳性率与性别无关。     

青海省大通种牛场牦牛弓形虫病的血清学调查

用弓形虫的重组蛋白P30作为ELISA诊断抗原,用于青海省大通牛场牦牛群中T．gondii抗体的检测。经过对898份血清样品的检测,检出T．gondii抗体阳性血清21份,阳性率为2．34％,结果初步说明大通牛场的牦牛群中存在T．gondii感染。     

2012~2013年青藏高原地区牦牛弓形虫血清检测报告

应用间接血凝试验(Indirect hemagglutination test,IHA)对2012~2013年间采自青藏高原地区的905份和736份牦牛血清进行弓形虫血清学检测。结果显示:2012年检出阳性血清196份,阳性率为21.66%;2013年检出阳性血清214份,阳性率为29.08%。统计数据表明,青藏高原牦牛群中存在弓形虫的感染。该研究旨在摸清青藏高原牦牛群中弓形虫感染情况,为制定该病的防治提供理论依据。     

祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的血清学调查

[目的]为了掌握祁连山北麓中部地区牦牛常见病的感染情况。[方法]对祁连山北麓中部地区的牦牛常见病开展了血清学检测。共检测280份血清样品,分别检测了布病、口蹄疫、牛传染性鼻气管炎、弓形虫、牛副结核病的感染抗体。[结果]检出布病阳性样品3份,平均阳性率1.2%;检出口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗体阳性样品31份,平均阳性率11.1%;检出牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性样品14份,平均阳性率5.0%;检出弓形虫抗体阳性样品87份,平均阳性率31.1%;检出牛副结核抗体阳性样品1份,平均阳性率0.4%。[结论]通过血清学检测,初步掌握了5种疫病的感染情况,为科学防控提供了科学依据。     

青海省化隆县牦牛弓形虫病血清学调查

应用间接血凝实验(IHA)方法对采自青海省化隆县6个乡镇的120头牦牛血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,以抗体效价≥1:64为阳性判定标准,结果检出阳性17份,血清学阳性率为14.17%。     

青海省湟源县牦牛弓形虫病血清学调查

应用间接血凝实验（IHA）方法对采自青海省湟源县6个乡镇的240头牦牛血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查,以抗体效价≥1：64为阳性判定标准,结果检出阳性17份,血清学阳性率为14．17％。     

Toxoplasmosis of sheep in the lowland region of Western Slovakia]

The author describes the serological demonstration of toxoplasma antibodies in sheep of ten flocks kept in the lowland region of western Slovakia. The results of serological examination by the complement-fixation reaction (CFR) were positive in different degrees in nine flocks. In the remaining flock the blood of the sheep was not found to contain such antibodies. At the locality L. the author selected a small group of serologically positive sheep from the group of animals to be slaughtered and he studied the CFR values of antibodies in the course of nine months. Toxoplasma strain denoted as H-1 was isolated from the brain of a ram of this group which had a 1 : 256 antibody titre in the blood. This strain was found to be highly virulent for white mice. Toxoplasma antibodies were also identified in the blood of exposed workers, in the blood of dogs, mice and sewer rats. The patho-anatomic picture and isolation of toxoplasma strains from the brain of dead sheep or their foetuses which had the antibodies in the blood before death -- all this demonstrated the occurrence of congenital infection.     

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect fluorescent antibody test, and direct agglutination test for detecting Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in naturally aborted ovine fetuses

Results obtained in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), and a modified direct agglutination test (MAT) for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies from examination of fetal fluids from 377 aborted ovine fetuses were compared. Sixty-seven samples were positive by MAT (titers 1:16 to greater than 1:65,536), 58 were positive by ELISA, and 62 were positive by immunoglobulin G-IFA. The MAT was preferred because it required less time, labor, and special equipment. It was simple to run, could be done on serum from any species without modification, and it was more effective than the IFA for detecting toxoplasma antibodies in severely autolyzed fetuses. No advantage was found in determining immunoglobulin M antibodies in ovine fetal sera.     

Equine toxoplasmosis: a survey for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in horses.

A nationwide sample of horses was tested to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in equine animals. Of 1,294 serum samples from horses tested by the microtitration indirect hemagglutin test, 20% were positive. Among the popular breeds of horses, the following antibody prevalences were found: Arabian, 19%; Paint, 22%; Quarter Horses, 13%; Thoroughbred, 24%; and Standardbred, 17%. The antibody prevalence increased from 2% in horses 1 year of age to 18% in 2-year-olds, and rose to 38% in horses 12 years of age. Significant differences were not evident by broad geographic locations across the United States. However, there were differences in prevalence according to premises where the horses were kept. On some ranches, there was no evidence of infection, whereas up to 67% of the horses on other premises were seropositive for toxoplasmosis.     

小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能变化

为研究小鼠弓形虫病病状及卵巢功能的变化,将雌性小鼠随机地分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例.实验组雌性小鼠感染弓形虫,观察其临床症状及体温变化.体温升高并出现稽留热.在感染弓形虫后第45、90d的发情间期采血,对照组也在相同的时间采血.采用放射性免疫方法,测定血清中的雌二醇含量,并于两次采血后将两组小鼠剖检.结果4-5d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为12.29 ±4.39pg/mL与10.56±8.34pg/mL,90d时实验组与对照组小鼠血清雌二醇含量分别为7.76±3.67pg/mL与10.23±4.85pg/mL;实验组90d血清雌二醇水平降低,与实验组45d时及对照组45d时比较,差异均有显著性.弓形虫感染的小鼠主要脏器严重受损,肠淋巴结可见大量的巨噬细胞.脑组织可见慢性炎症改变及弓形虫包囊体,卵巢呈炎性变化.结论：弓形虫感染引起轻度临床症状和严重病理变化,导致小鼠卵巢功能下降.     

新疆地区羊、牛戊型肝炎血清流行病学调查

采集新疆14个地区的羊血清673份和牛血清675份,应用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法（DS-ELISA）检测抗戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）IgG抗体,比较南北疆及不同年龄段牛、羊HEV抗体阳性率的差异。结果显示,所检测羊血清中HEV 抗体阳性率为7.73% (52/673);南、北疆羊HEV抗体阳性率分别为7.61%(15/197)和7.77%(37/476) ,差异不显著(P>0.05)。1 岁以内（含1岁）、1～3岁（含3岁）、3 岁以上羊的HEV 抗体阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05);牛血清中HEV 抗体阳性率为5.78%(39/675) , 南、北疆牛HEV 抗体阳性率分别为4.19%（7/167）和6.30%（32/508）,差异极显著(P<0.01)。2岁以内（含2岁）、2～4岁（含4岁）、4 岁以上牛的HEV抗体阳性率差异显著(P<0.05)。表明新疆地区羊和牛存在HEV感染。     

Evaluation of ELISA for the detection of Toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) and the latex agglutination (LA) test for the detection of toxoplasma antibodies in swine sera. The 100 swine sera examined represent ELISA values from greater than 0 to 154 EIU. The agreement was highest (0.67) between ELISA and IFAT with an ELISA cut-off value of 30 EIU, and between ELISA and the LA test with an ELISA cut-off value of 50 EIU (0.74). All sera giving less than 10 EIU were negative in the other tests, and all those with greater than 70 EIU were positive in 1, 2 or all of the reference tests. In order to avoid false positive results with ELISA, all sera giving 10-70 EIU should be confirmed with a test which has a good specificity, e.g. IFAT. ELISA is a sensitive test and is highly suitable for the screening of large amounts of samples, but it may be too complicated for screening toxoplasma antibodies in the laboratories of abattoirs.     

Development and clinical application of methods for detection of antineutrophil antibody in serum of the cat

Two techniques, leukoagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence, were adapted to test for the presence of antineutrophil antibody in cat serum. The leukoagglutination test was analogous to an indirect Coombs' test. The test was performed on freshly isolated cat blood neutrophils, with the test results read from stained smears (Wright's stain) made from sedimented antiserum-treated neutrophils. A positive test response was indicated by agglutinated neutrophils on the stained smear. The indirect immunofluorescence test was performed by incubating paraformaldehyde-fixed cat blood neutrophils with test serum, after which the neutrophils were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged antiglobulin. A positive test response was a ring of fluorescence surrounding the cells, as viewed through a UV microscope. Serum samples (n = 55) from clinically neutropenic cats were tested for the presence of antineutrophil antibody by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Ten positive-control sera (rabbit anti-cat neutrophil serum) and 10 negative-control sera (normal cat serum) were included. Only the positive control sera exhibited neutrophil fluorescence, indicative of antineutrophil antibody. None of the 55 samples of clinical origin showed any appreciable fluorescence.     

Toxoplasmosis in a calf.

Gross post mortem and histopathological changes are described in a calf with toxoplasmosis. The major pathological changes were restricted to the lungs and kidneys and comprised interstitial pneumonia with multifocal necrosis, and glomerular necrosis. Many pseudocysts were present in both organs. The calf had been in close contact with young cats, one of which was killed and examined and shown to have a high antibody titre to Toxoplasma gondii, although there was little histological evidence of infection. No antibodies to toxoplasma were detected in serum from the dam of the calf, and accordingly, it is suggested that the cat was the source of infection for the calf.     

SPF鸡感染网状内皮组织增生症病毒后血清和卵黄的抗体反应相关性比较

为进一步研究采用卵黄抗体检测代替血清抗体检测的可行性,采用已建立的卵黄抗体ELISA检测方法,比较同一时期卵黄抗体与血清抗体的相关性。人工感染23周龄无特定病原体（SPF）鸡,每周采集全血分离血清,每天收集种蛋,ELISA方法检测血清、种蛋中的REV抗体,并进行比较,结果表明：攻毒后第2周开始血清抗体和卵黄抗体呈阳性,并达到峰值,之后抗体水平缓慢下降,两者具有相似的消长规律;对同一时期的卵黄抗体和血清抗体S/P比值进行统计学比较,P值小于0.05,相关系数为0.931,表明两者差异性不显著,相关性很好;阴阳性符合率比较,阳性符合率为97.8%,阴性符合率为100%,总体符合率为98.4%,阴阳性复合率很高。试验证明,同一时期的卵黄抗体和血清抗体的相关性很好,可用卵黄抗体检测方法代替血清抗体检测,从而为监测SPF鸡群感染REV提供新的技术手段。     

Survey of Toxoplasma antibodies among sheep in western United States

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies among breeding ewes and among lambs slaughtered for food in western United States. Each serum was tested by the indirect hemaglutination method, using microtiter technique. Agglutination (greater than or equal to 2 +) at the 1:64 dilution was considered to be a positive reaction. Of 2,164 ewes from 18 flocks tested in California, 523 (24%) were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, with prevalence rates among flocks ranging from 4 to 51%. In 9 of those flocks, 1,495 ewes were stratified by whether ewes had lambed or were barren. On an overall basis, the antibody prevalence was similar (about 25%) in both groups, but there was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in 1 flock in which 30% of the nursing ewes were seropositive, compared with 21% of the barren ewes. Of 1,056 market lambs from 19 lots tested, 85 (8%) were seropositive. The antibody prevalence in lambs tested at slaughter in California, by state of origin, were: Oregon, 11/51 (22%); Nevada, 32/159 (20%); Idaho, 12/147 (5%), and California, 30/699 (4%).