Optimization of the needle punching process for the nonwoven fabrics with multiple quality characteristics by grey-based taguchi method

This study is intended for finding out the optimal processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics in order to work out its maximal strength. Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis is employed to resolve the problem as regards multiple-quality optimization, and further discover the optimal combination of processing parameters for needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Firstly, orthogonal array L₁₈(2¹×3⁷) is used to deal with the processing parameters that may exert influence over the manufacturing of needle punching nonwoven fabrics. Then grey relational analysis is applied to resolve the deficiency of Taguchi method that focus on single quality characteristic. Next, the response table of grey relational analysis is used to obtain the optimal combination of processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics. In the current experiment quality characteristic refers to the tensile strength and tear strength of the nonwoven fabrics. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SN ratio) calculation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be adopted to explore the experimental results. Through ANOVA, the significant factors that exert comparatively significant influence over the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics, that is, the control factors are determined so that the quality characteristic of the needle punching nonwoven fabrics can be effectively controlled. Finally, confirmation experiment is conducted within 95 % confidence interval to verify the experimental reliability and reproducibility.     

Quality control of card web uniformity for a vertical-type cross-lapper machine. I. Dynamic system modeling and industrial controller design

This series of paper addressed the quality control of a vertical-type cross-lapper machine, which is used to produce uniform layers of fibers with suitable widths and thicknesses. The nonlinear model of the system was derived, and the corresponding state space representation was obtained. The linearized model based on the equilibrium position of the nonlinear model was generated, and the associated control property was analyzed. The high order linearized model would be reduced to a verified lower order model for control system design. The designed traditional and modern controller could make the crosslapper machine for good card web quality control.     

Optimization of the processing conditions and prediction of the quality for dyeing nylon and lycra blended fabrics

This paper is intended to determine the optimal processing parameters applied to the dyeing procedure so that the desired color strength of a raw fabric can be achieved. Moreover, the processing parameters are also used for constructing a system to predict the fabric quality. The fabric selected is the nylon and Lycra blend. The dyestuff used for dyeing is acid dyestuff and the dyeing method is one-bath-two-section. The Taguchi quality method is applied for parameter design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to arrange the optimal condition, significant factors and the percentage contributions. In the experiment, according to the target value, a confirmation experiment is conducted to evaluate the reliability. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN) in order to establish the forecasting system for searching the best connecting weights of BPNN. It can be shown that this combination not only enhances the efficiency of the learning algorithm, but also decreases the dependency of the initial condition during the network training. Most of all, the robustness of the learning algorithm will be increased and the quality characteristic of fabric will be precisely predicted.     

The mechanical properties and abrasion behavior of warp knitted fabrics for footwear

The abrasion behavior of three kinds of warp knitted fabrics, which are normally used for upper sole of footwear, was evaluated. We measured the changes of mechanical and structural properties of each sample as abrasion cycle increased. Each sample showed similar trends in compression and surface properties but there were significant differences in abrasion rate among the samples. The mechanical properties showed remarkable differences with directions. The frictional coefficient (MIU) of fabric surface increased at the beginning of abrasion and decreased as abrasion cycles increased. The weight and thickness of the fabric linearly decreased with abrasion cycles. The surface roughness (SMD) and the compressional resilience (RC) decreased as abrasion cycles increased while compressional energy (WC) increased.     

Real-time estimation and irregularity control of the sliver draft system

High regularity is important in manufacturing spun yarn. Among controllers used in regularity control, existing PID controller is suitable for linear time-invariant systems but not for the control of sliver draft systems with non-linear characteristic. Thus, the present study designed a knowledge-based fuzzy controller in consideration of disturbance and non-linear characteristic of sliver draft systems. RLS (Recursive Least Squares) was used as an estimation algorithm to formulate a model used in computer simulation for implementing the controller, and real time estimation was made using real data from draft systems to get a model close to actual systems. This research used a estimation model in designing a knowledge-based controller that minimizes the variation of control response to the sliver linear density of the system, and the result of linear density control was used to prove the superiority of the controller in control performance through CV%.     

The effect of a new setting agent for wool

Pleated wool fabrics were prepared by the treatment with ethylenediamine (EDA) at 90°C for 30 min. The degree of set, tensile property and dyeing of the treated fabrics have been discussed in relation to the concentration of EDA in the treatment system. No significant decreases in tensile strength and elongation, and great increases of exhaustion of synthetic and natural dyes were observed. Pleat and flat set were successfully attained in a wide range of the concentration of EDA. Excellent dyeability and setability of the fabrics obtained were considered to be associated with the existence of new crosslink, β-N-(2-aminoethyl)alanino-β-aminoalanine and the pendant group, β-N-(2-aminoethyl) aminoalanine produced by the reaction of EDA with dehydroalanine intermediate.     

Cross-cultural comparison of sound sensation and its prediction models for Korean traditional silk fabrics

In this study, cross-cultural comparison of sound sensation for Korean traditional silk fabrics between Korea and America was performed and prediction models for sound sensation by objective measurements including sound parameters such as level pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker’s psychoacoustic characteristics, and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System were established for each nation to explore the objective parameters explaining sound sensation of the Korean traditional silk. As results, Koreans felt the silk fabric sounds soft and smooth while Americans were revealed as perceiving them hard and rough. Both Koreans and Americans were pleasant with sounds of Gongdan and Newttong and especially Newttong was preferred more by Americans in terms of sound sensation. In prediction models, some of subjective sensation were found as being related mainly with mechanical properties of traditional silk fabrics such as surface and compressional characteristics.     

Development of a Human-Clothing-Environment simulator for dynamic heat and moisture transfer properties of fabrics

A vertical skin model with two detachable environmental chambers was developed to simulate a Human-Clothing-Environment system and to evaluate heat and moisture transport properties of textile materials under severe conditions and during transient states. The construction of the system was described and data reproducibility and accuracy of the instrument were verified by using PEG treated nonwovens. Also advantages over a traditional static type experiment were demonstrated based on a series of experiments.     

一种快速有效油用亚麻转基因体系的建立

油用亚麻(俗称胡麻)是我国重要的油料作物之一,也是干旱和半干旱地区的主要经济作物.近年来随着国家经济的发展和人们生活质量的提高,人们对油用亚麻的需求逐渐提升.建立一种快速高效便捷的油用亚麻遗传转化体系对油用亚麻分子育种具有重要意义.本实验以油用亚麻子叶节作为遗传转化的外植体,以草铵膦作为转基因植株筛选剂,通过农杆菌介导...     

A comparative study of physicochemical tests for quality prediction of Argentine wheat flours used as corrector flours and for cookie production

Several physicochemical tests are employed in quality evaluation of wheat. Most of the exported Argentinean wheat flour is used as corrector flour in breadmaking. A small percentage is actually used in cookie production. No study has determined which predictive tests are most suitable for the quality prediction of bread (using flour as corrector) and cookies made from Argentinean wheat. The objectives of this study were to compare the suitability of predictive tests in the assessment of wheat flour attributes in the production of bread and cookies and to establish the relationship between the tests and flour components. Several expected associations were found between the SRC test and the composition parameters. Moreover, various flour components influencing the SDS sedimentation index (SDS-SI), the Zeleny index and the alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) were established. The cookie factor (CF) was negatively correlated with sucrose, carbonate and water SRC and with AWRC. In addition, the bread loaf specific volume (LV) was correlated with the SDS-SI, the Zeleny index and the lactic acid SRC. In conclusion, several components of Argentine wheat affecting predictive tests were found. The SRC test allowed straight assessment of the bread and cookie quality of Argentinean wheat.     

Characteristics of Seedling Raising and Mechanized Transplanting of Hybrid Rice with a Low Seeding Rate by Precise Seeding Method

【Objective】 The purpose of the study is to ascertain the effect of precise hill-sowing and drill-sowing methods on seedling raising and the characteristics of mechanized transplanting of hybrid rice with a low seed sowing rate below 70 g, and to further break the current technical bottleneck in mechanized transplanting process of hybrid rice. 【Method】 In this study, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 were mechanically hill-sowed and drill-sowed in standard seedling raising trays with mechanized broadcasting as the control. The hill-sowing specification was 16×34 hill, and 16 drills were set in longitudinal direction for drill sowing. The seed sowing rates were 5 seeds, 3 seeds, and 2 seeds per hill for hill sowing, and the same seed rates were set in drill sowing. The effects of different sowing methods on the growth of seedlings and their mechanical transplanting characteristics were investigated. 【Results】 1) Sowing methods presented no significant effect on seedling percentage with a reduction in seeding rate. 2) A reduction in seeding rate improved rice seedling consistency, especially in hill sowing and drill sowing as compared with broadcasting. 3) In comparison with seed broadcasting, under hill seeding and drill seeding, seedling roots were more entwined as seedling mats. Under hill-sowing and drill sowing, Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 had 75.4% and 81.0% higher intertwining force than that of broadcasting, respectively. Precise hill- and drill-sowing generated effective seedling blanket without significant difference between the two treatments, while broadcast sowing did not. 4) Hill sowing and drill sowing significantly reduced the missed hill percent of machine transplanting. The missed hill percent of Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 under hill sowing and drill sowing were 76.3% and 74.6% lower than that of broadcast sowing in average, respectively. The missed hill percent for hill-seeding and drill-seeding with 3 seeds per hill was below 1%, 10% lower than that of broadcast sowing. 5) The uniformity of machine-transplanted seedling under hill sowing and drill sowing were better than that of broadcast sowing. And the proportion of the treatments with expected seedling-catching number in mechanized transplanting (2 to 5 seedlings with 5 seeds per hill, 1 to 3 seedlings with 3 seeds per hill and 1 to 2 seedlings with 2 seeds per hill) for the two cultivars were all above 80% in hill-sowing and drill-sowing in combination with machine transplanting, and the seedling uniformity of machine-transplanted Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 1540 was 121.2% and 67.0% higher than that under broadcast sowing. Meanwhile hill sowing had a better result than drill sowing. 【Conclusion】 Precision hill seeding and drill seeding provide an alternative measure to current problems such as large amount of seeds, high missed hill percent and uneven seedling taking in the process of machine transplanting of rice.     

杂交稻低播量精量播种育秧及机插取秧特性

【目的】明确杂交稻70 g以下低播量精量穴播和条播对育秧效果及机插特性的影响,突破生产中杂交稻机插的技术瓶颈。【方法】以中浙优1号和甬优1540两个杂交稻品种为材料,利用机插标准9寸盘,设置机械穴播和条播两个精量播种方式,并以机械流水线撒播为对照,穴播规格为16(纵向)×34(横向)穴,条播为纵向16条,以穴播5粒、3粒及2粒的播种量进行播种试验。考查了低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗生长影响及配套取秧效果【结果】1)低播量下不同播种方式对秧苗成苗率的影响不大。2)降低播种量提高秧苗生长一致性,且穴播和条播秧苗生长一致性好于撒播。3)与撒播相比,精量穴播和条播能够在低播量下提高秧苗根系盘结力和成毯性,中浙优1号和甬优1540根系盘结力比撒播平均高75.4%和81.0%,播量每穴3粒时即能有效成毯,穴播和条播差异不大。4)精量穴播和条播能够显著降低低播量下机插漏秧率,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插漏秧率平均分别比撒播低76.3%和74.6%,穴播和条播下,两个品种每穴播量3粒的漏秧率均在1%以下,与撒播相比降幅在10个百分点以上。5)精量穴播和条播机插取秧苗数均匀度比撒播要好,两个品种预期取秧2~5苗(5粒)、1~3苗(3粒)和1~2苗(2粒)比例均达80%以上,中浙优1号和甬优1540机插苗数均匀度平均比撒播高121.2%和67.0%,其中,穴播机插取秧苗数均匀度及预期取秧苗数比例高于条播。【结论】精量穴播和条播可以解决目前杂交稻机插用种量大、漏秧率高和机插取秧苗数均匀度差的问题。     

Simulation of water quality with the application of system dynamics model for population and land-use changes

Water quality is degraded due to urbanization because it causes population growth and land-use changes in a watershed. These changes are usually simulated using a linear equation; however, in reality, population and land use are very closely related. A watershed system dynamics model (WSD model) was developed in the simulation of the relation among population, land use (paddy fields, upland fields, forest, and household), and runoff. The model comprised of three sectors: the agricultural sector, nature sector, and urban sector. The elements in the WSD model were selected based on interviews with local government officers and references. The WSD model simulated population, land use, and runoff with an average relative error of about 5%. Total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) were simulated using the results of the WSD model and unit effluent loads. Field surveys were conducted to determine the rate of mitigation in paddy fields. In addition, correction equations for runoff and phosphate-containing detergent were introduced. The model simulated T-N with an average relative error of 9%, and T-P with 27%; a sensitivity analysis for the principal elements in the WSD model showed reasonable results.     

全国优质粳稻优良食味品评情况报告

在全国范围内进行征集和初选,筛选出黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、天津、江苏、新疆、河北、山东等省、市、自治区20个优良粳稻品种入选参加食味品评。通过品评可以看到:许多品种均表现出良好的感官食味特性,有些甚至超过日本越光品种;在我国粳稻主产区,只要加强优质食味研究开发力度均能培育出优质食味品种;碾米品质、外观品质及理化指标在对食味影响中存在的相关性需进一步验证,从而建立一套食味品质研究评价体系,使此评价体系完全符合人们对食味的要求;食味研究是一项系统工程,与品种特性、栽培技术、产地、贮藏加工条件等均密不可分;我国有一大批优质食味品种有待于加大开发、宣传、推广力度,并作为优质食味米,高标准地打入国际市场;建立研究我国粳稻食味为主的学术专家组,制定研究目标和发展规划,切实把我国粳稻食味研究做大、做强,尽快提升我国粳稻食味品质的研究水平并赶超世界先进水平。     

Comparison of artificial neural network and linear regression models for prediction of ring spun yarn properties. I. Prediction of yarn tensile properties

In this study artificial neural network (ANN) models have been designed to predict the ring cotton yarn properties from the fiber properties measured on HVI (high volume instrument) system and the performance of ANN models have been compared with our previous statistical models based on regression analysis. Yarn count, twist and roving properties were selected as input variables as they give significant influence on yarn properties. In experimental part, a total of 180 cotton ring spun yarns were produced using 15 different blends. The four yarn counts and three twist multipliers were chosen within the range of Ne 20–35 and α _e 3.8–4.6 respectively. After measuring yarn tenacity and breaking elongation, evaluations of data were performed by using ANN. Afterwards, sensitivity analysis results and coefficient of multiple determination (R²) values of ANN and regression models were compared. Our results show that ANN is more powerful tool than the regression models.     

油菜不同器官高质量总蛋白提取方法和双向电泳体系的优化

以显性核不育油菜Shaan-GMS不育株和可育株的花序和叶片为材料,采用TCA（三氯醋酸）-丙酮法提取油菜花蕾、花药及叶片总蛋白,对总蛋白提取方法、IPG（固定pH梯度）胶条种类、聚焦程序、凝胶浓度、上样量等环节进行了优化。结果表明,采用理想的蛋白质裂解液（7 mol/L 尿素,2 mol/ L 硫脲,4% CHAPS（3-[3-(胆酰氨丙基)二甲氨基]丙磺酸内盐）,65mmol二硫苏糖醇,0.5% IPG缓冲液 pH 3~10或pH 4~7,全蛋白酶抑制片剂 (片／10 ml)）裂解蛋白,以150μg上样,按IEF程序Ⅱ(30V,12Hr;200V,1Hr;500V,1Hr;1000V,0.5Hr;10000V,2Hr;10000V,80000VHr)进行等电聚焦,10%SDS-PAGE胶浓度进行第二向电泳,银染方法检测,可得到背景清晰、分辨率较高的油菜花蕾、花药及叶片蛋白质电泳图谱。高质量油菜蛋白的提取方法和蛋白质分离双向电泳体系的优化可为油菜蛋白质组学研究奠定技术基础。     

Long-term evolution and prediction of feed value for permanent mountain grassland hay: Analysis of a 32-year data set in relation to climate change

Elevation of mean air temperature related to climate change speeds up plant maturity, which influences mostly forage feed value. The objective of the study was to assess variation in hay quality harvested over 32 years at the same experimental site, and whether feed value is better predicted by combining agro-climatic variables with chemical composition. From 1979 to 2010, the in vivo digestibility (OMd) and voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) of 271 hays, harvested during the first vegetation cycle on permanent grasslands, were measured in sheep. Over 32 years, the mean air temperature between February and August increased significantly by 1.34°C. Cutting date was advanced by 6 days, but the average sum of temperature at cutting (ST) increased significantly by 13%. Crude protein (CP) content declined (−22%, p < .001), crude fibre content increased (+8%, p < .001), OMd decreased (−3%, p = .012) and VDMI increased (+9%, p = .011). Changes in the chemical composition and OMd were consistent with the increase in ST. Finally, the prediction of OMd from CP and crude fibre contents (R² = .57, RMSE = 2.99) was slightly improved by the addition of ST and hay drying time (R² = .60, RMSE = 2.83). Climate change may have a negative indirect effect on hay quality if an earlier cutting date does not compensate for its effect on the faster maturation of the plants. Moreover, agro-climatic criteria could help to monitor and predict hay quality in relation to intra- and inter-annual climatic changes.     

土壤-植物系统中硒的赋存形态及其分析方法研究进展

硒是人体必需的微量元素。硒在生命活动中所具有的抗氧化作用,免疫功能等诸多方面的重要性已被人们广泛认识。本文就土壤－植物系统中硒的存在形态以及在硒形态分析中所应用的各种方法和技术研究进展作一综述。     

Use of a global wheat core collection for association analysis of flour and dough quality traits

Flour and dough quality are very important breeding traits for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) the selection of which would benefit from linked molecular markers. Association analysis allows the identification of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to target traits. The effectiveness of this approach depends on the availability of a densely genotyped population with large genetic variability for the traits of interest. Our objective was to identify chromosomal regions associated with flour and dough quality traits using a core collection built by maximizing the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability. We investigated the association of DArT, SSR and SNP markers with grain protein content, grain hardness, water-extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) viscosity, wholemeal flour color and dough rheology.Out of 803 markers tested, 130 markers spread over the genome were associated with at least one trait, varying from 20 associated with WEAX viscosity to 60 associated with dough quality. Most chromosome regions known to determine wheat quality from the study of several bi-parental recombinant inbred lines were confirmed here and some new regions were identified. Associations were found for each trait studied, demonstrating that the core collection is a useful tool for QTL association mapping of these and other traits of interest.