Wasseraufnahme und Wasserverbrauch von Ackerbohne und Hafer auf einer Löß-Parabraunerde

Water uptake and water use of field beans and oats grown on a loess-derived grey-brown podzolic soil (Eutroboralf) The terms of the water-balance equation were determined, when field beans (Vicia faba L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) were grown on a loess-derived soil during two seasons (1982 and 1983). A specific objective of this investigation was to quantify the water uptake from different layers and the total transpiration of both crops, as field beans are known to be susceptible to water shortage. Beside soil physical measurements climatological data for calculation of potential evapotranspiration were recorded. Plants were analyzed due to leaf area and root length density once a week. Actual evapotranspiration including interception, as determined by the soil physical approach, was split up by calculation procedures into actual evaporation, interception and actual transpiration. Total root length and root length density of field beans were much smaller and the rooting system was shallower as compared with oats. Development of leaf area and of roots was slower with beans than oats and was retarted by 2 to 3 weeks. Accordingly the time of maximum transpiration was found begin of June with oats and at begin of July with field beans. Despite reduced root growth Vicia faba transpired 250 mm in total, that is 86 % of what was found for the cereal crop (290 mm). Water uptake field beans however, was restricted to the upper 80-cm profile with 90 % of total uptake. The water uptake per unit length of root was substantial higher with beans than with oats. Due to the delayed development of the bean crop the losses by evaporation and seepage exceeded those from the soil grown to oats by 40mm (64 %). These investigations support the conclusion that yield stability of field beans may be substantially improved by selection of new varieties with increased rooting depth.     

Water table is a relevant source for water uptake by a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand: Evidences from continuous evapotranspiration and water table monitoring

The objective of this study was to quantify the main terms of the water cycle in a Scots pine stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing on a sandy soil and to estimate the contribution of the shallow water table (0.80 m deep in spring) to the forest water use. Continuous monitoring was organized in 2005 to measure climate, throughfall, soil moisture, tree transpiration and water table variations at a half-hourly basis. Leaf area index seasonal dynamic was measured and roots were counted down to the bottom of the soil profile. Forest floor evapotranspiration was modelled with Granier et al. [Granier, A., Bréda, N., Biron, P., Villette, S., 1999. A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands. Ecol. Model. 116, 269–283]. From May to November, pine transpiration never exceeded 1.85 mm d⁻¹ and reached a total of 176.4 mm, which corresponded to 25% of potential evapotranspiration, whereas the understorey evapotranspiration was 130 mm (i.e. 18–20% of the stand water use). The maximum soil water reserve measured over the soil rooted zone was 250 mm, in which 145 mm was extractable water. A 3.5-week period with no rain was observed in June, which induced a regulation of pine transpiration when the soil extractable water reached 0.25 of its maximum value.We applied the water table fluctuation (WTF) method [White, W., 1932. A method for estimating groundwater supplies based on discharge by plants and evaporation from soil. US Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 659-A. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC] to estimate the water table daily loss of water. A relationship was established with potential evapotranspiration and the actual transpiration fluxes of the stand. Yet, it was not possible to extract from the WTF results the part that was effectively contributing to actual transpiration. We applied then the WTF methodology on longer time intervals, with a focus on periods with no rains. From May to November, the contribution of the water table to forest transpiration reached 61%. During the drought period in June, the water table contributed to 98.5% of the water uptake by vegetation, through its contribution to the capillary rise above the water table. The presence of a groundwater table with a floor down to 180–200 cm allowed this stand to rely upon water that otherwise would have drained deeper.     

Suitability of plant physiological methods to estimate the transpiration of agricultural crops

Transpiration is the main part of the water balance in the system soil-plant during the vegetation period. Its determination or calculation is essential for modeling of soil moisture content or solute transport. Transpiration is difficult to quantify because it is influenced by the atmosphere, the soil, and the plants. This paper describes the potential and limitations of plant physiological methods (sap flow, gas exchange, leaf water potential) to estimate the transpiration. A weighable lysimeter was used as reference method. Results are shown for corn [Zea mays L.] and rape [Brassica napus L.]) for the years 1998 and 1999. At days without rain the diurnal transpiration rates, determined by the plant physiological methods and by the lysimeter differ by less than 12%. The results demonstrate that the plant physiological methods applied are important for an understanding of the complex transpiration process. Limitations lie in the difficulties in up-scaling, and the impossibility of measurements of the absolute actual transpiration rates of agricultural crops for longer periods like months or years.     

The use of lysimeter data for the test of two soil–water balance models: A case study

Two soil–water balance models were tested by a comparison of simulated with measured daily rates of actual evapotranspiration, soil water storage, groundwater recharge, and capillary rise. These rates were obtained from twelve weighable lysimeters with three different soils and two different lower boundary conditions for the time period from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. In that period, grass vegetation was grown on all lysimeters. These lysimeters are located in Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany. One model calculated the soil water balance using the Richards equation. The other one used a capacitance approach. Both models used the same modified Penman formula for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration and the same simple empirical vegetation model for the calculation of transpiration, interception, and evaporation. The comparisons of simulated with measured model outputs were analyzed using the modeling‐efficiency index IA and the root mean squared error RMSE. At some lysimeters, the uncalibrated application of both models led to an underestimation of cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, despite a good simulation quality in terms of IA and RMSE. A calibration of soil‐hydraulic and vegetation parameters such as maximum rooting depth resulted in a better fit between simulated and observed cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, but in some cases also decreased the simulation quality of both models in terms of IA and RMSE. The results of this calibration indicated that, in addition to a precise determination of the soil water‐retention functions, vegetation parameters such as rooting depth should also be observed. Without such information, the rooting depth is a calibration parameter. However, in some cases, the uncalibrated application of both models also led to an acceptable fit between measured and simulated model outputs.     

Predicting forest transpiration from climatological data

A scheme is presented which yields hourly meteorological data from climatological measurements at a grassland station. These hourly values are used to calculate surface conductance for a pine forest using a model incorporating several environmental feedback mechanisms (Stewart, 1987) and transpiration using the Penman—Monteith equation. Mean observed and predicted surface conductance and transpiration agreed well (6.2 and 6.0 mm s⁻¹ and 100.4 and 99.9 W m⁻², respectively).The need for soil moisture measurements is removed by applying a simple water balance model. Predicted soil moisture deficits showed good agreement with observed values for 3 years. Total predicted transpiration was 614.5, while the observed transpiration amounted to 609.0 mm.A comparison with simpler models of surface conductance (e.g., Gash and Stewart, 1977) showed the need to include both a specific humidity and a soil moisture deficit feedback in these models.     

多年冻土区白桦次生林蒸腾特征及其对影响因子的响应

探究多年冻土区白桦次生林蒸腾特征对影响因子的响应,为准确评估该地区森林生态系统水文效应提供科学参考。运用热扩散式探针法,从2021年5—9月对多年冻土区的白桦树干液流进行监测,并同步观测影响因子变化情况。结果表明：整个观测期,白桦次生林蒸腾表现出明显的小时、日、月变化。(1)白桦次生林小时蒸腾特征表现为优势木>中等木>被压木,蒸腾动态在晴天呈单峰曲线,在雨天呈双峰曲线。日尺度上,白桦次生林蒸腾平均值为1.47 mm/d,且最大值出现在7月。在整个观测期,林分蒸腾表现出明显的月变化,即7月>6月>8月>9月>5月,分别为65.08,62.43,54.27,22.92,19.84 mm;(2)林分累计蒸腾量共计224.54 mm,占同期降雨量的32.41%,其中优势木为林分蒸腾的主要贡献者,占林分总蒸腾量的62.64%;(3)在小时尺度上,林分蒸腾量主要受大气温度和饱和水汽压差所影响;日尺度上,林分蒸腾与潜在蒸散、空气温度、太阳辐射、饱和水汽压差、叶面积指数以及土壤温度极显著正相关(p<0.01);与空气相对湿度极显著负相关(p<0.01);...     

黄土高原粗质地土壤剖面水分运动与浅层地下水补给可能性模拟

黄土高原水土流失严重,生态环境脆弱,水资源短缺,地下水对保障区域社会经济发展和维持生态系统平衡具有重要意义,而该区的地下水转化和补给机制尚不明确。为探究黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤剖面深层水分运动及降水对浅层地下水补给的可能性,利用六道沟小流域分布的粗质地风沙土样地2013—2016年土壤剖面0~600 cm含水量数据,运用HYDRUS-1D模型对各土层水力参数进行反演和验证,并用于模拟样地土壤深剖面0~1 500 cm水分运移过程。结果显示,在平水年2014年(439 mm)和干旱年2015年(371 mm),0~600 cm土壤含水量生长季末与生长季初持平或略有亏缺;降水充沛年2013年(669 mm)和2016年(704 mm)土壤含水量生长季末远高于生长季初,降水入渗深度超过观测深度(600 cm)。深剖面水分运动模拟显示,2014年和2015年剖面含水量变化不明显,水分向深层运移微弱缓慢;但是,2013年和2016年降水可分别入渗运移至1 100 cm和1 200 cm深度,远超过样地上生长的旱柳根系区域,可能补给浅层地下水。在4年模拟期间,平均土壤蒸发为14.87 cm·a-1,平均植物蒸腾为33.70 cm·a-1,土壤水分主要以植物蒸腾形式损耗。在2个丰水年,得益于较充足的降水和粗质地风沙土壤的高入渗率,降水大量转化为土壤水快速向下入渗运移,模拟显示当年生长季末降水最深运移至1 200 cm,至年末已超过模拟深度(1 500 cm),水分继续运移可能补给浅层地下水。相关研究结果为黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区地下水来源和补给机制提供理论依据。     

单株油蒿蒸腾耗水特征及其与环境因素的关系

[目的]探究油蒿的蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应,旨在为固沙植被建设提供科学依据。[方法]利用野外大型称重式蒸渗仪于2014年6—9月底对单株油蒿的蒸腾过程进行连续观测,并同步监测了土壤含水量及相关气象因子。[结果]油蒿单日蒸腾强度曲线在晴天表现为双峰曲线,而在阴雨天双峰曲线不明显;研究期间,单株油蒿蒸腾耗水量为101.66mm,日平均蒸腾强度为0.83mm/d。蒸渗仪内土壤蒸发量106.05mm,日平均土壤蒸发强度为0.87mm/d,试验期间蒸散量占降雨量的82.98%。降雨可以维持油蒿正常生长,并对土壤水分进行一定补充;油蒿蒸腾强度与空气相对湿度(p0.01)、空气温度(p0.01)、太阳净辐射(p0.01)和20cm深度土壤体积含水量(p0.05)具有很好的相关性,且相关性依次减小。[结论]油蒿蒸腾耗水日变化明显,其蒸腾速率受土壤水分状况、气象条件及自身生理特征等因素的影响。     

Der Bulk-Stomata-Widerstand von Ackerbohnen und seine Abhängigkeit vom Bodenwassergehalt

Bulk stomatal resistance of Vicia faba and its dependence on soil water content Bulk stomatal resistance of beans (Vicia faba L.,) as a function of soil water content was estimated for 41 days by comparison of potential transpiration, determined from meteorological data, and actual transpiration, determined from soil water losses. The resistance of beans is about 46 s/m if soil water content is above 70 % of available field capacity and increases strongly in dryer situations. This behaviour can be described by an exponential function.     

The use of surface resistance—soil moisture relationships in soil water budget models

An important feature of a soil water budget is the reduction of transpiration from a canopy below the rate of atmospheric demand with increasing soil dryness. Commonly, an empirical relationship between the ratio of actual evaporation (AE) to potential evaporation (PE) and soil water storage is adopted. Alternatively the Penman—Monteith equation can be used with a specified relationship between surface resistance and soil water storage.Using actual evaporation rates determined from instrumented soil water profiles, a relationship between surface resistance and soil water storage can be inferred, and results are presented for different crops and soil-types in the United Kingdom. These results are compared with the surface resistance values implicit in the performance of two layer soil moisture models adopting an empirical AE/PE relationship with soil moisture deficit. The performance of the two approaches with respect to soil moisture estimation is compared.     

基于温室环境和作物生长的番茄基质栽培灌溉模型

为解决涵盖土壤蒸发和作物冠层蒸腾的土培作物蒸散模型不能直接应用于稻壳炭基质栽培番茄灌溉的问题,该研究首先通过修改Penman-Monteith模型的原始表达式来去除土壤蒸发部分,并引入TOMGRO模型来模拟番茄冠层生长,给出了阻抗参数的修正计算,得到了新的番茄基质栽培蒸腾模型。考虑到蒸腾模型中净辐射项削弱了室外太阳辐射对冠层及以下部整株植株的耗水影响,进而将新的蒸腾模型与太阳辐射线性比例供水模型结合建立蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型。结果表明,蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型对上海崇明A8温室番茄灌溉量的模拟结果与实际结果之间的相关系数高于0.95,平均相对误差小于20%。这说明蒸腾-辐射综合灌溉模型能够较好地估算温室稻壳炭基质栽培番茄的灌溉需水量,对深入研究温室灌溉实施具有参考价值。     

紫色土坡耕地氮素淋失通量的实测与模拟

氮淋失是氮素循环研究中最重要的环节之一,获得准确的氮淋失通量是当今农田氮循环研究中必不可少而又较为困难的工作之一。紫色土土层薄,土壤氮素难以蓄存,加之降水丰富,下伏透水性较弱的母岩,淋溶水达到母岩后难以垂直下渗而沿土壤岩石界面出流、汇流形成壤中流,紫色土氮素淋失主要表现为氮素随壤中流迁移流失。DNDC模型是基于过程的一种土壤碳氮循环模型,常用于农田温室气体排放模拟,但其应用于氮素淋溶的验证与测试不足。本文利用大型坡地排水采集器(lysimeter),测定紫色土坡耕地淋溶水量(壤中流流量)和氮素淋失通量,并利用观测数据对DNDC模型进行验证。结果表明,紫色土坡耕地小麦玉米季累积淋溶水通量为323.6 mm,径流系数33.3%,氮素淋失量为36.93 kg.hm 2,占全年氮素施用量的13.2%。壤中流流量与氮素淋失量实测值和模拟值的Pearson相关系数分别为0.944(P<0.05)和0.972(P<0.05),Theil不等系数分别为0.07和0.1,降雨量、土壤孔隙率和施氮水平是氮流失模拟的高敏感性参数。DNDC模型应用于紫色土坡耕地氮素淋失通量的模拟具有较高的可靠性,同时DNDC基于过程模型的优势可以描述持续降雨条件下的氮淋失过程,未来可通过进一步的验证,测试DNDC模型应用于氮淋失过程及区域氮淋失评估的可行性。     

滴灌夏玉米土壤水分与蒸散量SIMDualKc模型估算

为研究西北半干旱地区作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发规律,以及土壤蒸发量占蒸散量的比例(简称蒸发占比),开展2 a夏玉米滴灌控水试验,设置正常灌水(W1)、适度水分亏缺(W2)和中度水分亏缺(W3)3个灌水水平.采用W2实测土壤水分数据对SIMDualKc模型进行参数率定,并采用W1和W3实测土壤水分数据对模型进行验证;进一步基于SIMDualKc模型对不同水分供应的土壤水分胁迫系数、土壤蒸发量、植株蒸腾和蒸散量进行定量模拟分析.结果表明,SIMDualKc模型可以较好地模拟西北半干旱区滴灌夏玉米不同水分供应条件下的土壤水分动态变化过程,实测值与模型预测值有较好的一致性(R2＞0.88,RMSE＜5％);夏玉米生长期,模型能较好地估算不同水分供应的土壤水分胁迫系数、土壤蒸发量和植株蒸腾.土壤蒸发主要集中在生育前期,而生育中期较低,后期略微升高.植物蒸腾主要集中在快速生长期和生长中期,整个生育期呈先增大后减小的趋势.蒸散量随着土壤蒸发和植物蒸腾的变化而变化,前期主要受土壤蒸发的影响,快速生长期、生长中期和后期主要受植物蒸腾的影响.Wl～W3处理土壤蒸发量为78.1～100.2 mm,植株蒸腾为221.8～293.3 mm,蒸散量为299.3～383.0 mm,蒸发占比为24.1％～28.7％.研究可为西北半干旱地区制定合理的夏玉米滴灌制度和灌溉决策提供理论依据.     

Hydrus-2D模拟起垄覆膜处理对夏玉米生育期水量平衡的影响

为探究起垄和覆膜处理对辽西北半干旱区夏玉米生育期水量平衡的影响,该研究在建平县节水灌溉试验站将田间试验与Hydrus-2D模拟相结合,探究各典型年夏玉米生育期水量平衡的变化规律。结果表明：Hydrus-2D模型能够有效地对起垄和覆膜处理后夏玉米生育期的下垫面降雨入渗过程进行模拟,各下垫面实测值与模拟值的R²均不小于0.87,均方根误差均小于0.01 cm³/cm³;覆膜后各典型年的蒸发量平均减少52.24 mm,蒸腾量平均增加31.84 mm;覆膜会抑制多日持续降雨期间的深层渗漏速率,促进单日超过40 mm降雨的雨后深层渗漏速率;覆膜能减少作物生育期的农田耗水量（蒸发量,蒸腾量和深层渗漏量之和）,使各典型年的平均农田耗水量减少25.74 mm,增加覆膜垄作处理的覆膜宽度能够进一步减少作物生育期的农田耗水量。因此,在辽西北半干旱区进行起垄和覆膜对缓解该地区的农业缺水紧张情势,丰富农田生育期水分转化结构的相关理论具有重要作用。     

根系吸水模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻气孔导度

为构建覆膜旱作水稻根系吸水模型,进一步改进气孔导度模型,该文在湖北十堰开展包含3个水分处理(淹水、覆膜湿润和覆膜旱作栽培)的田间试验,分析覆膜旱作水稻蒸腾(根系吸水)与根长之间的关系,在此基础上建立覆膜旱作水稻根系吸水模型,并将其代替彭曼(Penman-Monteith,PM)方程来估算蒸腾强度,进而与脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)参与调控的气孔导度模型耦合,模拟覆膜旱作条件下水稻气孔导度的日变化过程。结果表明,水稻蒸腾与根长呈线性正比关系(R~2=0.96,P0.05),据此建立的根系吸水模型可以较好地模拟覆膜旱作水稻的蒸腾(根系吸水)规律,使蒸腾强度模拟值和实测值间的相对误差基本控制在15%以内;经改进后的Tardieu-Davies气孔导度模型(TD模型)可有效描述不同土层根系吸水流中的ABA浓度及不同根系层ABA的合成对木质部蒸腾流中总ABA含量的贡献,可较好地模拟气孔导度的日变化过程。改进TD模型大大提高了模拟精度,使相对误差不超过7.0%。该研究可为覆膜旱作水稻生理节水机理和水分利用效率评估提供一定的理论依据。     

Drought constraints on transpiration and canopy conductance in mature aspen and jack pine stands

Half-hourly mean values of transpiration measured by eddy covariance over the course of six growing seasons in two boreal forest sites were used to develop stand-level relationships between transpiration and soil water content. The two sites were an aspen site on fine-textured soil and over five growing seasons for a jack pine site on coarse-textured soil in Saskatchewan, Canada. About half of the data record covered a multi-year drought that was more severe at the aspen site than the jack pine site. Measurements of transpiration and environmental variables were used to adjust a transpiration model to each site, with environmental variables retained in the model based on their capacity to improve the model adjustment. The model was also used to produce estimates of maximum canopy conductance (g_cMAX). The fit of the model to the aspen half-hourly transpiration is better than to the jack pine data (r² of 0.86 versus 0.60). Relative soil water content explains more of the variability in half-hourly transpiration at the aspen site (46%) than at the jack pine site (10%). The relationships between transpiration and environmental variables are stable throughout the drought suggesting an absence of acclimation. Published soil water modifier curves for loamy clay soils compare well with the modifier function we obtained for a similar soil at the aspen site, but the agreement between the published curve and our curve is poor for the sandy soil of the jack pine site. Values of g_cMAX computed at the half-hourly scale are greater at the aspen site (14.3 mm s⁻¹) than at the jack pine site (10.2 mm s⁻¹), but we hypothesize that the coarse soil and perennially lower water content of the jack pine site may cause this difference. Finally, we also present values of g_cMAX computed at the daily and monthly scales for use in models that operate at these time steps.     

夏玉米棵间土面蒸发与蒸发蒸腾比例研究

利用连续4年的大型称重式蒸渗仪和小型棵间蒸发器的测定资料,研究了不同灌溉定额条件下夏玉米生长期间的逐日蒸发蒸腾和棵间蒸发过程。结果表明,夏玉米总的蒸发蒸腾量在年际间变化较大,其中叶面蒸腾总量变化较大,在158.44～233.99 mm;棵间蒸发总量变化较小,在171.43～181.52 mm,棵间蒸发量占蒸发蒸腾量的比例(E/ET)在43.57%～52.52%之间。降水和灌溉以及气象因素对夏玉米生育期棵间蒸发的影响较小,而对叶面蒸腾的影响较大。得出充分灌溉和非充分灌溉条件下,棵间蒸发占蒸发蒸腾的比例与叶面积指数的相关系数分别达到0.85和0.77以上。     

Implications of spatial averaging weather and soil moisture data for broad scale modelling activities

Abstract. Spatial averaging of data before or after modelling has important implications for large area land evaluation studies. Two procedures are evaluated for the spatial averaging of weather and soil moisture data before and after modelling (procedures A and B, respectively). The Thiessen polygon weighting technique is applied to a network of weather stations to derive daily weather values for the period 1955 to 1985 for 12 selected Agroecological Resource Areas (ARAs) on the Canadian prairies. These values are used in the model for procedure A. The components of the soil moisture balance for spring wheat are estimated with a budgeting model, assuming wheat is grown continuously for 30 years on soils with available water-holding capacities (AWCs) of 150 and 250 mm. In procedure B, the data from individual stations are used as input to the model and the same Thiessen polygon weighting coefficients are applied to the output variables. A comparison of the two procedures shows no significant difference for temperature-related variables such as frost dates, harvest date and cumulative potential evapotranspiration. The differences for moisture-related variables (soil moisture content at sowing, cumulative actual evapotranspiration, runoff and deep drainage) are often statistically significant, but the absolute differences are less than 10 mm at probability levels ranging from 10 to 90%. For many practical applications the two procedures give similar results.     

石羊河流域农田休闲期耗水规律研究

通过微型蒸渗器和diviner2000土壤水分测定仪测定了不同耕作及储水灌溉条件下农田休闲期土壤水分动态变化规律,并结合气象数据比较不同耕作方式和灌水处理的优越性,分析了休闲期不同耕作方式及储水灌溉措施对土壤水分及降水利用的影响。研究结果表明,春耕可减少农田表层土壤蒸发,保水效果较好;低定额储水灌溉既没有造成深层渗漏,且蒸发损失小;冬季大定额储水灌溉产生43.86 mm的深层渗漏和121.11mm的土壤水分蒸发,形成了水资源的无效流失;而春耕+免储水灌溉只产生54.41 mm水分损失,节水效果显著。土壤蒸发和深层渗漏产生的土壤水分损失大小顺序为:传统冬季储水灌溉>低定额储水灌溉>秋耕+免储水灌溉>春耕+免储水灌溉,低定额储水灌、秋耕+免储水灌溉、春耕+免储水灌溉处理土壤水分损失较对照分别减少53.44 mm、97.52 mm和110.56 mm(土面蒸发+深层渗漏)。石羊河流域春耕+免储水灌溉处理可有效减少休闲期水分损失,提高休闲期水分利用效率。     

基于氧同位素的玉米农田蒸散发估算和区分

农田蒸散发(evapotranspiration,ET)的估算和区分是土壤-植物-大气连续体中的重要研究内容,是农业水资源高效利用的重要基础。该研究分析了土壤水、蒸发水汽、蒸腾水汽和大气背景混合水汽氧同位素组成分布特征,并采用2种同位素的方法对玉米农田蒸散发进行估算和区分:1)结合Keeling plot和Craig-Gordon模型的同位素方法(Iso-CG);2)基于土壤水同位素守恒和水量平衡的方法(Iso-WB)。结果表明,在玉米生育期内Iso-WB方法与Iso-CG方法所计算的玉米蒸腾比例分别为0.64~0.91和0.52~0.91,平均值分别为0.80和0.78。玉米蒸散发总量在前期、中期和后期均值分别为3.95、5.30和4.98 mm/d。通过比较参数并与前人研究结果对比分析,表明采用Iso-CG方法估算区分ET相对精确,采用Iso-WB方法计算蒸散发要求的测量精度相对较高,计算误差较大。该研究成果不仅为玉米农田制定灌溉制度及提高用水效率提供了理论依据,而且对深入探索氧同位素水文学领域具有重要意义。