金丝王枣幼林间作粮食作物的林间小气候变化及效益研究

对金丝王枣幼林间作谷子的林间小气候变化及效益的研究结果表明,经过枣粮间作处理,林间空气相对湿度增加、温度降低,林间气流较为稳定,提高了土壤平均含水量,有利于林下粮食作物灌浆,增加籽粒重量和产量;林间枣树长势较为健壮,更快进入盛果期,枣粮间作的经济效益较好.     

履带式林间剩余物运输机的设计

通过对林间剩余物的研究,设计了一款新型履带式林间剩余物运输机。介绍了该运输机的主要结构、设计参数及工作原理,对履带式拖拉机和绞盘机主要参数进行了选择及计算分析,证明该运输机满足使用要求,能够用于小型林间剩余物的运输。     

林间红蚧种类的识别

本文以检索表的形式,提出了红蚧类在林间二龄雌虫检索表;林间雄虫茧检索表;林间雌成虫检索表。这对在林间识别红蚧种类和某些虫态的发生期、寄生部位有一定实践意义,以便有针对性的开展防治工作。     

高效林农复合经营存在的问题与对策

指出了杨树生长逐年进入郁闭期，林地农作物效益愈来愈低，分析了宿城区高效林农复合经营现状，探讨了通过林地综合效益的开发和利用，以提高林地产出率，提出了林间套菜、林间套茵、林间套禽等林农复合经营模式的对策。     

林间牧草栽培技术

本文介绍了林草结合中的林间牧草栽培技术，介绍了林草结合的意义，牧草的选择标准、适宜在林间种植的牧草种类、林间牧草的建植技术、牧草的营养平衡及四季搭配等系列实用技术。     

三星竹象虫幼虫空间格局及抽样技术的研究

采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法,对三星竹象虫在林间的空间格局进行测定,采用刀切法给出了聚集度指标的估计区间。结果表明,三星竹象虫幼虫在林间为聚集分布,分布的基本成分是个体群。所采用的三次设计最优拟合提高了回归模型参数的精度,根据研究结果计算了林间调查的理论抽样数,并列出序贯抽样分析表。抽样技术研究表明,林间虫情调查时,采用平行线取样法或对角线取样法,实际精度较高。     

美国白蛾周氏啮小蜂在林间发生世代、历期及种群变化规律的研究

文章研究了美国白蛾周氏啮小蜂在林间发生世代、历期及种群变化规律,研究结果表明,在丹东凤城地区,白蛾周氏啮小蜂在林间一年可发生六个世代和一个不完整的越冬代。白蛾周氏啮小蜂在林间有三个高峰期,分别为5月中旬、8月上旬和9月中旬。     

油松纯林改造成混交林后林间小气候变化及林木生长情况分析

通过对油松纯林进行混交改造试验,比较了混交林在改善林间气候、调节林木生长的效果,结果表明:改造成混交林后可以加大林木生长、提高林间单株蓄积量,降低林间温度、提高林间相对湿度;以油松+紫穗槐混交林树高最大,达8.78 m;平均胸径以油松+小叶锦鸡儿混交林最大,达12.26 cm;单株平均蓄积量以油松+小叶锦鸡儿最大,为0.045 2 m^3;改造成混交林后,相对湿度有所提高,温度下降,以油松+小叶锦鸡儿的降温效果最明显,比纯林下降了3℃。     

林间绿色大蒜种植技术

为探索林间绿色大蒜种植技术模式,按照绿色食品生产的相关规定,结合生产实践经验,从大蒜品种选择、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治等方面提出了林间绿色大蒜种植的相关技术要求.     

林间自走式小型锯段机的结构设计与原理分析

为了便于林间小径原木的运输,研制了林间自走式小型锯段机。对该机的工作原理及各部分结构进行了分析说明,并对主轴部分做了有限元分析。该机具有性能可靠、操作简单、生产率高等特点。     

对集材—50拖拉机高坡集材出现反转向的认识

本文概述了集材—50拖拉机在重载陡坡集材行驶时出现反转向的原因;有必要把“反转向”的问题上升为理论,纳入教学内容,对全林区生产一线上集材—50新、老驾驶员进行一次理论学习。这是迫在眉捷的问题,对安全生产方面有着重要的意义。     

轻便型履带式风力灭火机行走机构的设计及爬坡实验验证

为减少履带式风力灭火机现场作业的移动时间,对履带式风力灭火机行走机构进行改造设计,从行驶速度、爬坡能力、接地比压和最大牵引力入手设计行走机构,使各参数达到相应要求后利用三维软件建模,试验模拟行走机构的实际情况,确保设计的产品满足需求.在此基础上制作产品样机,并且对样机进行爬坡实验.实验结果显示,该样机在坡度小于15＆#176;的路面上行走时速度较快,其行驶速度随着坡度增加而减少.设计的履带式风力灭火机的样机能够达到设计要求,提高了灭火效率.     

Large-scale survey of frequency of forest walking and related factors in a Japanese population inhabiting a large city, and comparison of an urban area and a rural area

The frequency of forest walking among the general population is a major topic of study in forest science. The objectives of this study were threefold: to assess the frequency of forest walking among Japanese residents of Nagoya, a large city; to evaluate differences among frequency of forest walking by participants from a large city, an urban area (Shizuoka; 4,666 participants), and a rural area (Yakumo Town, Hokkaido; 397 participants) in previous studies; and to examine factors related to frequency of forest walking. The survey, by self-administered questionnaire, in the major city of Nagoya was conducted between June 2008 and May 2010. In all, 5,158 participants (M/F, 1,466/3,692; mean age ± SD [range], 52.5 ± 10.3 [35–69] years) were included in the analysis. The proportions of frequency of forest walking ≥ once/month and ≥ once/year were 10.9 % (M/F, 15.1/9.3 %) and 46.1 % (51.0/44.1 %), respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, significant differences were noted among study sites for the adjusted odds ratio for frequency of forest walking. Overall, the order of highest to lowest frequency of forest walking was Shizuoka > Nagoya > Yakumo. Factors related to frequency of forest walking were common among the three study sites. Higher frequency of forest walking was associated with male sex and older age; the most relevant factor related to frequency of forest walking was its enjoyment level. Further studies will be required to clarify why these factors are related to frequency of forest walking.     

Latent preferences of residents regarding an urban forest recreation setting in Ljubljana,Slovenia

The goal of this study is to assess residents' preferences for a set of attributes describing the recreation setting in an urban forest (outstanding trees, forest openings, waymarks and information boards, and paved walking trails) and to explore the heterogeneity of those preferences. It was captured by a four-class latent class model used to segment a sample of residents of Ljubljana (the capital of Slovenia), who responded to a choice experiment-based poll. The survey focused on the Rožnik urban forest, for which preferences (also willingness-to-pay) for hypothetical changes in the attributes were assessed. Respondents in class 1 were invariant to changes in the recreation setting. Those in class 2 and 4 stated positive preferences for having more outstanding trees. Class 3 and 4 were in favour of increasing the area of forest openings and enhancing the maintenance of waymarks and information boards. Those in class 4 expressed positive preferences for more walking trails, whereas class 3 valued this negatively. Class membership was affected by respondent age, number of adults in the household, frequency of forest visits, income, and purpose of the visit.     

Monitoring recreational activities in urban forests using long-term video observation

Urban forest management needs information about the amount andkinds of recreation use, in particular about emerging recreationalactivities such as Nordic walking and winter bicycling. Between2003 and 2004, year-round use levels of recreational activitieswere investigated in a forest in Vienna using permanent time-lapsevideo recording and counts by human observers on sampling days.The amount of use, yearly, weekly and daily use patterns, aswell as the group size of the traditional activity groups werecompared with Nordic walking and winter bicycling to characterizethese activities and to better understand recreation use. Forall activity groups, the rates of participation varied significantlyacross most of the time dimensions, and the relationships betweenthe time of day and rates of participation were different forindividuals and groups. Nordic walkers displayed a temporaluse pattern similar to that of jogging with workday eveningand weekend morning use peaks, while winter bicycling was similarto bicycling activities with afternoon use peaks during snowyperiods. Nordic walking and winter bicycling activities addedto the multi-use character of the heavily used forest, but seemednot to increase the potential for user conflicts because ofthe current low participation rates and the Nordic walking group'savoidance of times of heavy use.     

履带式推土机行走机构的磨损分析及提高其使用寿命的对策

本文主要分析了履带式推土机行走机构的磨损形式,并提出了提高其使用寿命的对策.     

福建省国有林场手扶拖拉机标准参数的研究

本文针对福建省国有木场伐区木材生产状况。分析修建手扶拖拉机集材道的可行性。并根据东风12型手扶拖拉机机械性能。研究手扶拖拉机林道设计行车速度、最大纵坡、最小弯道半径等主要技术标准参数。     

履带式遥控风力灭火机的设计与研究

为了提高灭火效率、缩短灭火距离、解决灭火人员负载过重及灭火安全等问题,本文通过对履带式遥控风力灭火机工作原理的分析及总体方案的确定,设计了履带式遥控风力灭火机行走机构.设计的履带式遥控风力灭火机可以实现远程遥控且具有良好的爬坡能力和通过能力.     

林木对铝的耐性机理研究进展

在酸性土壤中,铝对林木的毒害是限制林木生长、降低林木生产力、进而导致森林退化的主要因素之一。目前,国内外在林木铝毒害及耐铝机制方面已有较多的研究,但关于林木耐铝的生理和分子机制的综述性报道很少。文中综述了近年来林木对铝的富集、铝对林木生理和分子水平上的毒害等方面的研究进展,总结了林木耐铝的生理机制和分子机制,简要介绍了外源添加物对林木耐铝毒的调控机制,提出了今后有关林木铝毒需进一步研究的重点,以期为林木铝毒的深入研究提供参考以及为缓解我国酸性土壤林木铝毒害及森林的健康持续经营提供参考。     

提高认识 明确目标 加快推进森林可持续经营管理试点进程

以全国森林可持续经营实验示范工作总结为切入点,提出了我国现阶段森林可持续经营管理的体系框架和实现途径:即建设好一个平台,协调好两个关系,做好三项工作,用好四个机制。"建设好一个平台"就是建设森林资源管理信息系统,为森林经营规划和管理提供依据;"协调好两个关系"就是既要协调好商品林经营与生态管理的关系,又要协调好公益林保护与经营的关系,实现森林总体效益的最大化;"做好三项工作"就是编制好县级森林可持续经营规划,编制好森林经营方案,开发好多种森林经营模式,构建森林可持续经营技术体系;"用好四个机制"就是用好市场机制、政府调控机制、森林生态系统内部机制和森林产权机制,不断优化森林可持续经营政策。同时,针对现实情况,提出了当前全国森林经营管理,特别是森林可持续经营实验示范工作中必须解决的几个关键问题。