竹醋液馏分抑菌性能研究

为了探索竹醋液不同组分的抑菌性能,在不同条件下蒸馏分离竹醋液得到各种馏分.以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、啤酒酵母、黑曲霉为对象开展竹醋液馏分的抑菌性能实验.结果表明,多数条件下蒸馏分离的馏分其抑菌性能不及竹醋液原液,仅有一种馏分的抑菌效果较突出.优化该馏分的制备工艺,在蒸馏温度70 ℃、真空度0.1 MPa下,调节竹醋液pH值为6.0,预蒸出原液体积25 %、再将剩余液pH值调至竹醋液原值,蒸馏得到50 %原液体积的馏分,此馏分抑菌效果最佳,其各项抑菌指标均优于竹醋液原液.     

竹醋液壳聚糖复合涂膜对椪柑保鲜效果的研究

为了开发天然柑橘类果实保鲜剂,研究了竹醋液和壳聚糖对采后椪柑的主要致病菌-指状青霉菌的抑制作用,以及对贮藏期椪柑采后生理的影响。结果显示:竹醋液和壳聚糖对指状青霉菌均有抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为竹醋液1.5%、壳聚糖0.8%。在椪柑采后贮藏中,用竹醋液、壳聚糖以及二者复合物分别处理果实,以清水处理为对照,通过测定椪柑采后生理生化指标来考察竹醋液壳聚糖复合涂膜对椪柑的保鲜效果。结果表明:与对照相比,各个处理都能够降低采后椪柑的病果率、失重率和丙二醛含量,延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸以及Vc含量的下降,以及诱导过氧化物酶活性上升。其中竹醋液壳聚糖复合涂膜效果优于二者单独使用。     

用竹炭精制竹醋液的研究

通过对竹炭的不同颗粒大小、浸渍时间、添加量和含水率等因素对竹醋液精制试验,采用正交试验法.结果表明:①竹炭的颗粒大小对竹醋液的pH值、得率、吸光度有显着的影响.竹醋液的pH值随竹炭颗粒增大而降低,而得率和吸光度随竹炭颗粒增大而增大,在100目时是一个转折点;②竹炭的添加量对竹醋液的pH值和得率也有显着的影响.随竹炭添加量的增加,竹醋液的pH值升高而得率降低;③竹炭颗粒大小、添加量、静置时间和含水率对竹炭的密度几乎不受影响.     

竹醋液防治甜瓜细菌性果斑病药效试验

采用抑菌圈法测定竹醋液原液,50%、20%、12.5%、10%体积浓度竹醋液,无菌水和链霉素0.5 mg/m L作对照,对甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.melo)细菌性果斑病菌进行药效试验。结果表明:竹醋液浓度越高,抑菌圈越大,其中以竹醋液原液抑菌效果最佳,其抑菌圈直径可达35.17 mm,50%竹醋液与0.5 mg/m L链霉素抑菌效果相当,10%竹醋液抑菌圈直径最小,为9.13 mm;12.5%竹醋液与硫酸链霉素0.5 mg/m L浸种过的甜瓜种子出芽率和出苗率均较高,且二者效果相当;竹醋液(20%、12.5%)与0.5 mg/m L硫酸链霉素浸种的幼苗长势优且二者相当,但竹醋液处理组幼苗更为矮壮,尤其竹醋液12.5%处理组效果最佳,其平均干物质重量可达0.112 g。     

精制竹醋液防治平菇细菌性褐斑病药效试验

测定不同浓度的精制竹醋液对平菇细菌性褐斑病菌的抑制作用以及对平菇菌丝生长的影响以及田间验证。结果表明10%精制竹醋液不仅具有明显的抑菌效果而且能促进平菇菌丝的生长。研究结果为精制竹醋液作为平菇细菌性褐斑病的防治药剂研发奠定基础。     

竹醋液制剂的抑菌性及其竹材防霉性评价

为拓宽竹醋液的用途以及开发高效低毒型竹材保护剂,进行了竹醋原液以及竹醋液制剂时木材霉菌的抑菌性研究.结果表明:竹醋原液对三种木材霉菌的抑菌率为99%,但不具有抑菌性.针对于此,自行研制开发了PW1、PW2、PW3三种竹醋液制剂,其抑菌性能显著增强;竹醋液制剂处理竹材后,其防霉性能明显提高.     

贮藏过程竹醋液组分及其含量的差异分析

该文对自燃炉生产的新鲜竹醋液和经6个月贮藏的老化竹醋液的基本理化性质及其组分和含量进行比较分析.结果表明,新鲜竹醋液的颜色较深且不透明,老化竹醋液色泽变红且透明,新鲜竹醋液的折光率、总酸含量分别较老化竹醋液高10.66%和45.98%,pH值老化竹醋液比新鲜竹醋液低;利用气质联用仪进行成分分析,结果表明新鲜竹醋液有机物种类114种,老化竹醋液97种,老化竹醋液中有机酸、酚类、醛类、醇类、酯类含量分别比新鲜竹醋液高18.08%、20.36%、55.97%、245.76%、69.86%,而酮类和其它成分含量比新鲜竹醋液低0.36%和28.26%.     

不同pH值对纤维素黄原酸盐吸附性能的影响

以微晶纤维素为对象,在引入钙盐置换之前调节体系呈不同的pH值,制备出相应的纤维素黄原酸钙盐,研究了其化学结构与重金属吸附性能。结果表明：在引入钙盐置换之前调节体系pH值为11时,所制备得纤维素黄原酸钙盐的表面改性程度最高,有效官能团丰度最高,吸附剂对Cd²⁺吸附效果最佳,同时其全硫含量最高,说明硫是纤维素黄原酸钙盐吸附重金属的关键元素。     

竹醋液应用研究进展

竹醋液是生产竹炭的副产物,成分复杂,不同的竹醋液有不同的性质和组成.研究表明,竹醋液可运用到抗菌药物、抗氧化剂、抗病虫农药、植物生长调节剂、土壤改良剂、BV有机液体肥料、鲜切花保鲜剂、污水处理增效剂、咳嗽防治药物、食用菌栽培、食品防腐添加剂、烟熏剂、除臭剂等领域.不同的竹醋液及不同浓度的竹醋液在应用上会得到不同的试验效果.     

不同工艺生产的竹醋液组分及其含量差异分析

以土窑制造的竹醋液原液和自燃炉制造的竹醋液原液为材料,比较了2者在基本理化指标及其成分和含量的差异.结果表明,在竹醋液原液基本理化指标方面,自燃炉竹醋液原液(BVS)折光率、总酸含量分别较土窑竹醋液原液(BVE)高38.64%和34.17%,pH值则低0.3.并利用气质联用仪对2种竹醋液原液的组分及其含量差异进行了分析.结果表明,BVE由96种有机物组成,而BVS则由112种有机物组成,主要包括有机酸、醇类、酚类、醛类、酮类、酯类、吡啶类、呋喃类、烷类等.     

Effects of Organic Calcium Made by Bamboo Vinegar on Growth of Cymbidium ensifolium and Soil Property

The bamboo vinegar was used to produce organic calcium,and different concentrations of NaCl,CaCb and organic calcium solutions as deicer were sprayed evenly on the potted Cymbidium ensifoiium and collected soil, and the growth of C.ensifoiium was observed everyday,and the physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed.The results indicate that all the 3 types of salt solutions had certain influence on C.ensifolium,while the organic calcium had less effect on C.ensifolium than NaCl and CaCl₂,and both of NaCl and CaCl₂ had little effect on the pH of soil while organic calcium increased greatly the pH of soil,and the organic matter and cationic exchange capacity of soil reduced,and the content of total N, P in soil also reduced while the apparent content of total K in soil increased.By above comparison,the effect of organic calcium made by bamboo vinegar on C.ensifolium and soil was less than that of NaCl and CaCl₂,in addition smaller the concentration of salt solution was,less the effect of salt solution on C.ensifoliumand soil was.     

腌制竹笋品质研究

竹笋腌制是我国传统竹产品加工方法之一。近年来,降低含盐量,及变腌干笋为及食、休闲、风味食品,在大中城市和国际市场需求中有上升的趋势,但这类产品货架期寿命、夏季高温导致质量难以控制等系列问题已经成为研究者和商家关注的焦点。就腌制及品质通过正交实验和方差分析,结果表明:新鲜竹笋氨基酸种类和含量丰富,腌制后氨基酸种类及含量均有变化:种类增加、含量减少;含盐量对腌制竹笋中的黄酮、粗纤维和氨基酸含量有很大影响;以总黄酮、粗纤维、氨基酸含量作为产品质量考察指标,竹笋腌制的最优组合为A1B3(含盐量为25％,有笋衣);竹笋腌制过程中的变色可能与氨基酸分子中羟基变性有关;竹笋腌制后氨基酸种类增加与竹笋蛋白质变性及腌制中微生物有关。     

戴云山区竹种资源及其区系的研究

通过对戴云山区竹种的调查，建立了定位到各乡镇林班或小区的竹种和竹林资源系统，计有12属63种。茎竿类型以单轴散生型和复轴混生型竹种为主，区系地理成分则以东亚成分和热带分布型为主。这一过渡性质的竹类区系具温带兼少量热带性质。闽西地区→戴云山区→三明地区→武夷山区的竹类分类群的比较，显示出合轴丛生型竹种逐渐减少、单轴散生型竹种先增加后减少、复轴混生型竹种依次递增的规律，表明竹类在该地区的分布具有明显的地带性，同时意谓着戴云山山脉基本上是竹种天然分布的分水岭。     

天目山北部余脉竹类植物区系分析

对天目山脉北部余脉地区进行为期５年的竹类植物调查，并进行分析研究，认为该地区竹类植物区系具有以下几个特征；（１）本区竹类植物区系在“属”级和“种”级上均 热带性质；（２）种类比较丰富，共有竹类７属４０种５变各上８变型，是安徽竹类植物最丰富的地区；（３）以散生竹种为主，全生竹类很少，是刚竹属和短穗竹属的重要分化变异中心；（４）地理成分复杂，东西或南北起源的一些竹种相互渗透交汇，具一定的过渡性特征；（     

竹叶提取物抑菌特性的研究

测定了竹叶提取物对食品常见污染菌的抑制效果，采用平板菌落计数测定了浓度、温度、pH值对其抑菌效果的影响。结果显示竹叶提取物对细菌有较好的抑制效果，而热处理对其抑菌效果有加强作用。     

竹材催化转化制备乙酰丙酸(酯)研究进展

中国竹资源丰富,但在实际生产过程中其加工剩余物并未得到充分利用,而乙酰丙酸（酯）作为环境友好且可持续的化学品具有广阔的应用前景,在化工生产过程中利用竹材制备乙酰丙酸（酯）具有很大的潜力。文章回顾了竹材制备乙酰丙酸（酯）的催化转化方法,对近年来竹材催化转化制备乙酰丙酸（酯）的研究进行了综述。从催化转化机理、产物收率、影响因素等角度对Brønsted酸、离子液体、固体酸以及金属盐等4种催化体系的特点进行了分析和对比,概括总结了不同转化方法的优势和不足,并根据现有转化方法中仍存在着的产品高效分离困难、催化剂污染较大以及副产物难以利用等问题,对未来研究方向提出展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考。     

安徽省竹亚科植物区系成分初步探讨

通过研究表明，我省竹亚科植物9属51种，因受南北两地地形及气候的地带性因素的影响，形成竹类分布特点是南多北少，物种由喜温性转为耐寒性，其区系成分，全球性是亚洲热带、亚热带的东南和东亚成分明显，国内以华东成分为主，依次是西南及华南近等，华北及西北亲缘关系较疏远，但华北的河南省与我省的淮北平原关系十分密切，共有率达100%，而河北省仅有13%。     

热压工艺对竹重组板材性能的影响

探讨了以竹材为主要原料的竹重组板材热压工艺的优化,研究了热压工艺对竹重组板材力学性能的影响,讨论分析了热压压力、热压时间、热压温度对竹重组板材吸水厚度膨胀率、耐沸水性、静曲强度、弹性模量、耐磨性、耐化学腐蚀性、浸渍剥离率和甲醛释放量等性能的影响。通过正交试验,得出的优化热压工艺为:①热压压力2.0MPa、热压温度145℃、热压时间1.7min/mm,热压压力对竹重组板材耐酸性、静曲强度和弹性模量等影响显著,对耐沸水性、耐碱性、耐盐性、耐磨性和浸渍剥离率等影响不显著。②热压时间对竹重组板材静曲强度有显著影响,对其他试验指标影响不显著。③热压温度对竹重组板材各试验检测指标均有一定的影响,但不显著。     

Solid-state13C-NMR analysis of size components in handsheets prepared by fatty acid soap size-alum systems

The mechanism of paper sizing in fatty acid soap size-alum systems was studied by structural analyses of the size components in handsheets prepared with¹³C-labeled fatty acid soap size. Patterns of sizing performance and aluminum content of the handsheets were similar to those for the rosin soap size-alum sizing systems, although the patterns of calcium content were different. Solid-state¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the handsheets revealed that fatty acid calcium salt was the predominant size component in the handsheets prepared using tap water. This calcium salt is formed from the fatty acid soap size (fatty acid potassium salt) by ion exchange with calcium ion in pulp suspensions and retained on pulp fibers through aluminum compounds originating from alum added. On the other hand, when deionized water was used, free fatty acid was the major component in the handsheets. Fatty acid aluminum salt was present as a minor component in the handsheets prepared in both tap water and deionized water systems. Therefore, all size components (i.e., fatty acid calcium salt, free fatty acid, fatty acid aluminum salt) seem to contribute to the appearance of sizing features.This research was presented in part at the 64th Pulp and Paper Research Conference of Japan TAPPI, Tokyo, June 1997     

Effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the surface properties and adhesion of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus)

The poor adhesion of bamboo coatings is a serious issue in the bamboo industry. To develop a pretreatment method that improves the adhesion of films and increases the economic value of bamboo products, a study of hydrogen peroxide treatment with solutions of various pH (pH 4–9) on bamboo surfaces was conducted. Five-year-old ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro), and nitrocellulose lacquer were used in the study. Surface properties of the bamboo such as contact angle and color were evaluated, and 180° peel strength and shear strength tests for measuring adhesion of films were conducted. The results showed that the wettability of water droplets and the carbonyl group concentration on the bamboo surface were increased significantly by alkaline (pH 8 and 9) hydrogen peroxide treatments. There was only minor color variation and the outer wax layer of bamboo was etched to form additional recesses after hydrogen peroxide treatment. It was also found that all hydrogen peroxide treatments improved the adhesion of bamboo coating; bamboo treated with hydrogen peroxide at pH 7 showed the greatest improvement. The enhanced adhesion was attributed to the mechanical interlocking of the film on the treated bamboo rather than to surface activation.