伊犁地区冬小麦品质与产量性状间的关系研究

以新疆兵团农四师农科所冬小麦品比试验的参试品种(系)为材料,研究了品质与产量性状间的关系.结果表明:子粒产量与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关.与湿面筋含量、沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间、评价值、软化度相关不显著.蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量相关关系不显著.沉淀值与面团形成时间、稳定时间相关关系不显著.因此该地区优质与高产结合改良的重点是协调子粒产量与蛋白质含量.     

冬小麦子粒品质性状多目标间接选择数学模型初探

利用56个冬小麦品种(系),采用双重逐步回归的方法,建立了冬小麦子粒品质性状多目标间接选择数学模型.结果表明.适当增加株高和单株穗数,可同时提高单株子粒蛋白质产量与含量及干面筋含量;而增加单株子粒产量可以提高单株子粒蛋白质产量,但降低子粒蛋白质含量和干面筋含量;千粒重每增加1.0g,沉淀值减少0.07791ml;湿面筋含量随株高增加而增高,随结实小穗数增加而降低.     

小麦主要品质性状相关性及主成分分析

为了评价小麦主要品质性状对小麦品质贡献关系，对219份小麦品系品质性状进行相关性和主成分分析。本研究主要通过多种粉质仪和近红外谷物分析仪依并依据国家粮食检验标准对小麦多个品质性状进行检验。结果表明：变幅较大的是容重和最大拉伸阻力，变幅较小的是湿面筋含量和吸水率；稳定时间变异系数最大，为41.85%。容重与硬度，蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量呈极显著负相关；硬度与吸水率和延展性相关性最高；除了容重，沉降值与其它品质呈极显著正相关；蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量与容重呈极显著负相关；吸水率与延展性和最大拉伸阻力呈现极显著正相关，与稳定时间呈极显著负相关；稳定时间与拉伸面积、延展性和最大拉伸阻力呈极显著正相关；拉伸面积与延展性和最大拉伸阻力皆呈极显著正相关。主成分分析可将小麦主要品质性状综合为沉降因子、面团因子和容重因子，累积贡献率达到93.54%，基本反映小麦品质性状的全面信息。研究结果将为小麦品质性状的有效改良及优良品质小麦品种选育提供理论基础和参考依据。研究结果将为小麦加工品质的预测及小麦优质品种选育提供理论基础和参考依据。     

冬小麦烘烤品质与其它一些品质性状及产量性状间的相互关系

1984-1985和1985-1986年度在郑州分别以34个和15个冬小麦品种进行试验。结果表明,蛋白质含量与产量呈极显著负相关,容重、面包体积和面包评分与产量相关均不显著,沉淀值与产量只有一年呈显著负相关。蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量和沉淀值呈显著正相关,与面包体积和面包评分只有一年相关达显著水平,与面团流变学特性的相关多不显著     

小麦主要品质性状的遗传模型研究

以６个小麦品种及其双列杂交组合为材料，研究了小麦子粒蛋白质含量和主要品质性状的遗传模型，估算了各性状的遗传参数。结果表明：（１）子粒蛋白质含量、容重、干面筋含量、湿面筋含量、降落值及沉淀值等性状符合加性－显性模型。（２）降落值的高值与隐性基因有关，低值与显性基因有关；子粒蛋白质含量、容重、湿面筋含量、干面筋含量及沉淀值等性状的高值与显性基因有关，低值与隐性基因有关。（３）除沉淀值的遗传表现为超显性外，其余各性状的遗传均以基因的加性效应为主，且平均显性度（Ｈ１／Ｄ）均小于１，表现为部分显性。（４）除沉淀值外，各性状的狭义遗传力表现较高，说明可在早代进行选择     

冬小麦籽粒品质性状与农艺性状间的相关分析

为了给南疆地区小麦育种和品质遗传改良提供参考,对疆内外引进的13个冬小麦地方品种的5个农艺性状和4个籽粒品质性状进行了相关性分析。结果表明:(1)单株粒重与单株穗数、单株粒数呈极显著正相关或偏相关;单株粒数与单株穗数呈极显著正相关或偏相关。因此,在保证单株穗数的前提下,可通过增加单株粒重和单株粒数来提高小麦的产量。(2)干湿面筋含量和沉淀值间存在极显著的正相关关系,而与蛋白含量之间无显著正相关;沉淀值与蛋白含量也无显著相关性。(3)除穗长和蛋白含量在0.1水平上显著偏相关,偏相关系数达0.537外,其余各农艺性状和品质性状间均无显著相关或偏相关关系。因此,在育种中可以适当将高产和优质结合起来,达到高产和优质的统一。     

源库改变对小麦子粒主要品质性状的影响

利用蛋白质含量和产量各不相同的3个冬小麦品种，研究源库改变对蛋白质、湿面筋含量、沉降值和千粒重等品质性状的影响。结果表明：源库改变明显影响着子粒蛋白质和千粒重，而对湿面筋含量和沉降值的影响不大；品种间蛋白质含量对源库变化的反应不同；千粒重的增减因品种而异；面筋的沉积主要受库的限制；旗叶在产量和蛋白质形成中起着同等重要的作用。     

冬小麦F_2代主要品质性状和产量性状相关性的研究

以11个品质性状差异较大的冬小麦品种按NCⅡ配置30个(6×5)杂交组合,对其F2代品质性状和产量性状进行相关分析。结果表明:在F2代,产量性状组和品质性状组间的相关主要是千粒重、穗粒数与沉淀值和评价值密切相关,其中沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和评价值与千粒重之间呈显著正相关,说明在杂种小麦亲本选配中应该重视千粒重选择。     

冬小麦品质性状与面条品质性状关系的初步研究

测定了冬小麦28个品种(系)(31个样品)的面粉品质特性,并在实验室条件下,对不同品种的面条加工品质进行了仪器和官能两种方法评价,对小麦品质与面条品质的关系进行了初步探讨.干面条断裂强度与面粉蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,同时受面筋强度的强烈影响.煮面韧性与面团强度呈极显著正相关,且受蛋白质含量的影响.而煮面的外观评价与面团强度呈显著的负相关.面团软化度是煮面品质优劣的较好指标.改良小麦品种面条加工品质的关键是提高蛋白质和面筋的质量.     

扬麦系列品系若干品质性状研究

以40份扬麦系列育种高代品系为材料,采用近红外分析仪等测定了若干品质性状.结果表明,40份扬麦系列品系的面团稳定时间、形成时间、面粉沉降值在品系间差异较大,而籽粒容重、出粉率和面团吸水率在品系间差异较小.蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、面粉形成时间、面粉吸水率和沉降值呈极显著正相关,蛋白质含量与稳定时间呈显著正相关.通过对各项...     

普通小麦-野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系籽粒与品质性状分析

野生二粒小麦在农艺性状和品质性状上具有丰富的遗传变异,这些优异基因的导入对促进优质小麦生产具有重要的意义。以普通小麦品种Bethlehem（BLH）为遗传背景的野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系（chromosome arm substitution lines,CASLs）为材料,进行2年一点田间试验,考察籽粒（粒长、粒宽和千粒重）与品质相关性状（蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、淀粉含量和灰分含量）。结果表明：CASLs群体中3AL 2年的粒长均显著长于亲本BLH,推测3AL染色体上至少有1个正效QTL控制野生二粒小麦的粒长,至少3个控制粒长的负效QTLs分别位于4BS、6BL和7BL,至少11个控制千粒重的负效QTLs分别位于2AS、5AS、6AL、7AS、1BS、1BL、4BS、4BL、5BL、6BL和7BL,至少6个与蛋白质含量正相关的QTLs分别位于6AL、1BS、2BS、3BL、7BS和7BL,至少3个控制湿面筋形成的正效QTLs分别位于2BL、7BS和7BL,至少3个控制沉降值的主效QTLs分别位于4AL、7AL和7BL,至少1个控制淀粉形成的负效QTL位点位于7BL;至少1个促进小麦籽粒灰分含量增加的QTL位于7BL上。相关性分析表明,千粒重与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和灰分含量呈显著或极显著的负相关,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、沉降值和灰分含量均呈极显著正相关,而与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关。综上所述,CASLs群体具有丰富的遗传多样性,且每个置换系只含有对应野生二粒小麦的染色体臂,各置换系有着不同的遗传特点,因此,可以综合利用置换系的有利性状对小麦目标性状进行遗传改良,进而为小麦育种提供更加丰富的遗传资源。     

基因型、地点及其互作对内蒙古小麦主要品质性状的影响

选用来自我国春播麦区高、中、低3种筋力类型的9个品种, 于2003和2004年分别种植在内蒙古6个代表性地点, 研究了不同品种在年份和地点间籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、和面仪参数和淀粉糊化特性等主要品质性状的变化规律。结果表明, 所测品质性状受基因型和地点效应的影响均达极显著水平, 除籽粒蛋白质含量外, 其他品质性状受基因型和地点互作效应的影响达显著或极显著水平。强筋类品种的蛋白质含量、灰分含量、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和峰值黏度均较高, 出粉率和稀澥值中等。中筋类品种出粉率、和面时间和耐揉性较高, 灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。弱筋类品种的灰分含量、峰值黏度和稀澥值较高, 籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、出粉率、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性低。所有品种品质性状在地点间存在较大差异, 乌海市灰分含量、和面时间和耐揉性高, 籽粒硬度、沉降值、峰值黏度和稀澥值较低。杭锦后旗出粉率高, 蛋白含量和沉降值较低, 其他性状表现中等。呼和浩特市籽粒硬度、蛋白含量、面粉灰分、沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性高, 出粉率、峰值黏度和稀澥值低。赤峰市多数性状表现中等。通辽市籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、峰值黏度、稀澥值和耐揉性较高, 其他性状表现中等。额尔古纳市蛋白含量和沉降值较高, 和面时间和耐揉性低。初步认为强筋和中筋类品种较适于种植在呼和浩特市与乌海市, 不适于种植在额尔古纳市; 2个弱筋类品种在6个地点均不太适宜种植。     

冬小麦若干品质性状遗传及相关的研究

F_1的沉淀值、伯尔辛克值介于双亲之间,前者以正向部分显性为主,后者以负向部分显性为主,与中亲值相关显蔟,遗传力高,表明这两个性状在杂交后代易于获得遗传进展。相反,蛋白含量在 F_1出现了各种类型的表现,很难指出以哪种遗传形式为主,与中亲值无显著相关,遗传力低,表明高蛋白育种较难。但在 F_2、F_3中各组合都出现了蛋白含     

江苏省优质软麦品种品质特性与饼干加工品质的关系

明确软麦品种在大田生产中的品质表现和品质育种筛选指标,对于优质生产及提高育种效率具有重要意义。选用江苏淮南麦区15份优质软麦品种(系),鉴定其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,开展3个试验点次的大田种植,分析了小麦样本的籽粒硬度、灰分含量、蛋白质含量和质量参数、粉质仪参数、揉面仪参数、溶剂保持力、贮藏蛋白组分含量参数、黏度仪参数等品质性状和饼干加工品质。结果表明,不同类型的品质参数受基因型和环境的影响不同。所有样本的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间均不达国标(GB/T 17320-2013、GB/T 17893-1999),部分品种(系)的沉淀值达标,所有样本的籽粒硬度和吸水率全部达标。相关性分析表明,籽粒硬度、灰分含量和黏度仪参数与饼干加工品质无显著相关性。沉淀值、粉质仪吸水率、粉质仪稳定时间、揉面仪峰值时间、揉面仪衰落角、水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比、不溶性谷蛋白含量和不溶性谷蛋白百分含量与饼干直径呈显著(r≤–0.520)或极显著(r≤–0.652)负相关,相关系数分别为–0.657、–0.601、–0.617、–0.659、–0.6...     

四川小麦主栽品种的品质性状表现及其稳定性

2006—2008连续3年,在5个生态点考察了7个四川省代表性小麦品种在两种氮水平下的品质状况及其稳定性,以期为四川小麦品质定位、品质改良和生产指导提供依据。结果表明,3年均值,籽粒容重777 g L^-1,籽粒蛋白质含量12.3%,湿面筋含量25.1%,Zeleny沉降值32.9 mL,降落值326 s,面粉吸水率56.5%,面团形成时间3.0 min、稳定时间4.5 min,面条评分78.5分、面包评分62.2分。几乎所有品质性状均存在显著的基因型、环境及其互作效应。籽粒容重、沉降值、降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分的年份效应大于地点效应,而籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分则地点效应大于年份效应。增施氮肥对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分都有显著的增效作用,但对降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分无明显影响。品种品质的稳定性因品质性状不同而异,川麦39面包评分高而稳定,川麦37面条总评分高而稳定,二者可被用于四川小麦品质改良。     

水分胁迫对不同筋型小麦籽粒品质性状的影响

为了了解不同水分胁迫对不同品质类型小麦主要品质性状的影响,试验选用3个有代表性的强、中、弱筋春小麦品种,在防渗池中进行种植。研究结果表明：小麦籽粒主要品质性状在不同筋型间差异达到极显著水平,在不同水分条件下也存在显著差异。在水分胁迫下,湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量以及沉淀值均呈显著或极显著下降趋势,而膨胀势显著增大。在试验条件下品质性状间的相关分析结果表明,不同品种间粗蛋白含量与湿面筋含量、沉淀值呈极显著正相关。因此在小麦生态育种和调优栽培研究中,需要重视水分因子对小麦籽粒品质性状影响的不同步性。     

Phenotypic correlations, G × E interactions and broad sense heritability analysis of grain and flour quality characteristics in high latitude spring bread wheats from Kazakhstan and Siberia

Grain and flour samples of 42 high latitude spring bread wheat genotypes from Kazakhstan and Siberia evaluated in a multi-location trial were analyzed for grain concentrations of protein, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), as well as flour quality characteristics. The genotypes showed high grain protein concentrations (14–19%), but low dough strength was a common feature for most of them. Significant positive correlations were found between grain protein and flour protein, gluten, gliadin, gli/glu ratio, Zn, and Fe contents. Grain protein was also correlated positively with hardness, sedimentation, farinograph dough development time (DDT), stability time and ash content. Grain Fe concentration was positively associated with sedimentation, stability time, water absorption and valorimeter value, suggesting that improvements in micronutrient concentrations in the grain parallels enhancement in gluten strength. Interestingly, glutenin content correlated negatively with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals; and also with gluten deformation index (IDK), DDT, and stability time. Conversely, gliadin content showed strong positive correlations with the concentrations of grain and flour protein, gluten, and minerals. Gliadin also correlated positively, but in lesser magnitude, with DDT, stability time and IDK. Environment and G×E interaction were important sources of variation for some quality characteristics. This was reflected in the low broad sense heritability (H) values for traits related to flour strength, such as sedimentation, IDK, stability time and gliadin content. Breeding strategies, including three testing locations at the advanced selection stages, are adequate for the enhancement of most of the quality traits, but faster improvement in flour strength could be achieved with a larger number of locations.     

Milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats evaluated through multi-location trials

Eight milling quality and protein properties of autumn-sown Chinese wheats were investigated using 59 cultivars and advanced lines grown in 14 locations in China from 1995 to 1998. Wide ranges of variability for all traits were observed across genotypes and locations. Genotype, location, year, and their interactions all significantly influenced most of the quality parameters. Kernel hardness, Zeleny sedimentation value, and mixograph development time were predominantly influenced by the effects of genotype. Genotype, location and genotype × location interaction were all important sources of variation for thousand kernel weight, test weight, protein content, and falling number, whereas genotype × location interaction had the largest effect on flour yield. Most of the genotypes were characterized by weak gluten strength with Zeleny sedimentation values less than 40 ml and mixograph development time shorter than 3 min. Eight groups of genotypes were recognized based on the average quality performance, grain hardness and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping, with contributions from protein content. Genotypes such as Zhongyou 16 and Annong 8903 displayed good milling quality, high grain hardness, protein content and strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time. Genotypes such as Lumai 15 and Yumai 18 were characterized by low grain hardness, protein content and weak gluten strength. Genotypes such as Yannong 15 and Chuanmai 24 were characterized by strong gluten strength with high sedimentation value and long mixograph development time, but low grain hardness and protein content lower than 12.3%. Genotypes such as Jingdong 6 and Xi’an 8 had weak gluten strength, but with high grain hardness and protein content higher than 12.2%. Five groups of locations were identified, and protein content and gluten strength were the two parameters that determined the grouping. Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Nanyang, Zhumadian and Nanjing produced wheats with medium to strong gluten strength and medium protein content, although there was still a large variation for most of the traits investigated between the locations. Wheat produced in Yantai was characterized by strong gluten strength, but with low protein content. Jinan, Anyang and Linfen locations produced wheats with medium to weak gluten strength and medium to high protein content. Wheats produced in Yangling, Zhenzhou, and Chengdu were characterized by weak gluten strength with medium to low protein content, whereas wheats produced in Xuzhou and Wuhan were characterized by weak gluten strength with low protein content. Industrial grain quality could be substantially improved through integrating knowledge of geographic genotype distribution with key location variables that affected end-use quality.