猪附红细胞体病的研究进展

附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体感染机体引起的一种人畜共患的传染病，而附红细胞体则是寄生于红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓中的一类微生物。作者就猪附红细胞体的病原特点、流行病学、发病机理、临床症状、病理变化、诊断硬防治对策作一综述。     

The effect of the anesthetic Tilest in swine

The clinical signs and effects on the cardio-respiratory system of Tilest were checked out in weaners. The intramuscular injection of 10 mg/kg BW Tilest caused a rapid immobilisation on an average duration of 33.7 +/- 15 minutes. The muscle relaxation was generally good. Analgesia could not obtained. Heart- and respiratory-rates increased during lateral recumbency. Blood pressure decreased initially. The influence on the arterial blood pH-value and the blood gases are insignificant. In connection with trials to get up the lactate value and the body temperature increased. The CK- and ASAT-activities increased 2 to 6 hours after injection with a wide individual variation. During recovery the pigs were excited and salivated.     

猪毛滴虫病的研究进展

毛滴虫是猪体内较为常见的原虫,目前有关猪毛滴虫的报道较少,其兽医公共卫生学意义尚未确定。文章就猪毛滴虫的分类地位、虫体形态、生活史、致病性、流行病学情况、诊断、防治等方面的内容作一综述,为猪毛滴虫和毛滴虫病的研究提供参考。     

皮下注射猪瘟疫苗对抗体水平变化的研究

探索仔猪皮下注射与肌肉注射抗体水平变化的差异,验证猪群进行猪瘟疫苗皮下注射与肌肉注射之间存在的效果差异并分析变化规律,为免疫接种方案的调整优化提供新的思路,为各个猪场减少防疫成本提供有益参考。     

The effect of recombinant swine interleukin-4 on swine immune cells and on pro-inflammatory cytokine productions in pigs

The in vitro effect and the in vivo influence of recombinant swine IL-4 (rSwIL-4) were characterized in various swine cells and in nursery pigs on LPS-induced endotoxic shock and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions. In in vitro experiment, the rSwIL-4 induced a proliferation of CD4 positive T cells in mitogen-prestimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In addition, the rSwIL-4, which was produced from insect cells, promoted the differentiation of monocytes into immature dendritic cells in combination with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Furthermore, the rSwIL-4 successfully suppressed the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 from swine alveolar macrophages when rSwIL-4 was treated at the same time with LPS. In in vivo experiment in nursery pigs, subcutaneous pretreatment of rSwIL-4, which was produced from baculovirus expression system, enhanced the severity of respiratory failure with endotoxic shock, and increased the production of TNF-alpha and IL-18 in response to inoculation with LPS. These results indicate that the rSwIL-4 is biologically active in both in vitro and in vivo treatments. Depending on the administration time, pro-inflammatory cytokine productions by IL-4 can cause either inhibitory or stimulatory regulation.     

The effect of monensin against swine dysentery

The use of monensin sodium against naturally transmitted swine dysentery was evaluated in 4-week-old piglets, with an average weight of 8 kg, over a period of 112 days. Three treatments were compared using between two and four pens per treatment and 12 pigs per pen. Monensin was administered via the feed, either immediately post weaning to four pens of pigs (T1), or after 12 days (T2, two pens). The T1 group received monensin at the rate of 100 ppm (days 0-56), 50 ppm (days 57-84) and 25 ppm until the end of the trial. In the other group monensin was given at 100 ppm (days 12-84) and at 50 ppm (days 85-112). Unmedicated feed was given to two pens (T3). The continuous administration of monensin from weaning was effective in the control or prevention of swine dysentery. A significant (P less than 0.05) improvement, in comparison with the other two groups, was observed in terms of mortality, diarrhoea score, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was a reduction in mortality, diarrhoea score/days and an improvement in growth performance parameters in pigs treated with monensin after the disease had been established, with ADG and FCR values significantly (P less than 0.05) different compared with the untreated controls.     

The development of a residue-poor anesthesia in swine

The intention of this study was to develop an intramuscular injectable anesthesia for swine. Therefore the clinical signs of several sedative or anesthetic drugs and their combinations were tested. The combinations of the phencyclidines ketamine and tiletamine with different benzodiazepines were most effective. The phencyclidines induced a rapid immobilisation of sufficient length. The benzodiazepines produced muscle relaxation, prolonged the immobilisation and suppressed the side effects of the phencyclidines like excitation. The analgetic action of the combinations were insufficient. Trials to improve analgesia by supplementation with opiates were only in the combination ketamine/climazolam/levomethadone successful. In other combinations opiates caused postanesthetic excitations with hyperthermia. The trials to improve the analgetic effect by combining tiletamine/zolazepam with imidazolidine-derivatives were only partly successful. But the tiletamine/zolazepam/imidazolidines-combinations caused severe hypothermia and other side effects. Because of postanesthetic excitations, the combination of ketamine with xylazine can not be recommended as a good anesthesia for swine. The action of ketamine with azaperone or different phenothiazine-derivatives was insufficient.     

The effect of dietary potassium and chloride on cation-anion balance in swine

The apparent retention and excretion of cations and anions were evaluated in 20 growing pigs to study the mechanisms by which an interaction between dietary K and Cl levels affected growth. All pigs maintained a positive retention of K+ and Cl- regardless of the dietary levels. The K x Cl interaction observed in growth studies previously but not in this study could not be explained by a simple interaction of one ion on the retention of the other. When pooled across dietary Cl levels, an increase in dietary K levels from .10 to .60% resulted in a calculated increase in daily K+ intake of 4.86 meq/kg of BW. Sixty percent (2.99 meq) of the increased K+ intake was excreted in the urine and counterbalanced by a decrease in urine NH4+ (3.06 meq). This decrease in NH4+ excretion could account for essentially all of the increase in N retention (3.51 mmol) observed when dietary K levels were increased from .10 to .60%. Thirty-three percent of the increased K+ intake (1.62 meq) was retained, but the counter ion could not be determined. Retention of Cl- was not changed as dietary K levels were changed. When dietary Cl levels were increased from .03 to .57%, 69% (4.06 meq) of the calculated difference in Cl- intake (5.90 meq) was excreted in the urine, which must have been counterbalanced by a decrease in undetermined organic anions (1.77 meq) and HPO4 = (1.50 meq) excretion, with a tendency for an increased NH4+ (.82 meq) excretion. The counter ions required to balance the increased Cl- retention (1.82 meq) as dietary Cl levels were increased from .03 to .57% could not be identified. Shifts in the retention and urinary excretion of Ca++, Na+, HCO3-, and SO4= did not seem to be quantitatively important in identifying the mechanisms by which dietary K and Cl levels alter growth. Based on these results, we conclude that alterations in growth caused by changes in dietary K and possibly Cl levels are mediated via mechanisms involving renal NH4+ metabolism.     

头孢喹诺混悬注射液对猪链球菌病的疗效试验

头孢喹诺(Cefqu inom e)是德国赫司特动物保健品公司开发与研制的第一个动物专用第四代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、吸收快、血药浓度高,且不易产生耐药性等特点。为评价其临床对仔猪链球菌病的疗效,特做以下试验。1材料与方法1.1药品与试剂头孢喹诺混悬注射液,规格25m g/mL,洛阳惠中兽药有限公司研制;注射用硫酸链霉素,规格1.0 g(100万μg),批号050301;注射用青霉素钾,规格1.0 g(160万IU),批号060203,均由华北制药集团动物保健品有限责任公司生产。改良马丁培养基,北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司生产;普通鲜血琼脂平板…