花生种子长宽比性状遗传分析和相关SSR标记筛选

本研究以‘花育36号’ב高油613’构建重组自交系(recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体为试验材料,考察2个环境下(E1、E2)RIL群体种子长宽比表型数据,采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析方法进行遗传分析。结果表明,E1环境下花生种子长宽比符合B_1_8模型(即2对存在重叠作用的独立主基因遗传模型),主基因间互作效应为-0.19,主基因遗传率为89.86%;E2环境花生种子长宽比符合B_1_7模型(即2对存在互补作用的独立主基因遗传模型),主基因间互作效应为-0.22,主基因遗传率为92.04%。通过对多态性SSR标记筛选和相关性分析,发现标记AGGS1325在2个环境下均与种子长宽比显著性相关。本研究将为深入开展花生粒型分子机制研究和推进花生外观品质育种提供重要理论基础。     

不同世代间大豆粒形相关QTL的稳定性分析

以东农46和L-100构建的重组自交系群体(RILs)为试验材料,利用2013和2014年分别在哈尔滨、呼兰、阿城3个地点共6个环境的数据对不同世代的遗传群体粒形进行单环境QTL分析及多环境联合检测。结果表明:单环境QTL分析中,检测到13个与粒形相关的QTL,位于第5、9、12、15及18连锁群上,其中粒长QTL 2个,表型变异贡献率为21.61%~26.81%;粒宽QTL 5个,表型变异贡献率为7.28%~18.38%;粒厚QTL 6个,表型变异贡献率为10.19%~18.44%。位于Sat_122~Satt052标记区间的QTL位点在粒长及粒厚中都被检测到,位于Sat_119~Satt588、Satt192~Satt568及Sat_401~Satt192标记区间QTL位点在粒宽及粒厚中同时被检测到,存在一因多效性。多环境联合分析中,共检测到15个与粒形相关的QTL。并且有9个QTL位点在单环境及多环境联合检测中均被检测到,表明这些QTL表达较为稳定。因此,本研究获得1个粒长QTL(Sat_122~Satt052)、1个粒宽QTL(Satt192~Satt568)及2个粒厚QTL(Satt192~Satt568,Sat_401~Satt192)为表现较好的稳定QTL。     

大豆荚粒性状的QTL分析

利用Charleston×东农594构建的F2衍生的149个F2:14～F2:16株系组成的重组自交系群体,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和多重区间作图法(MIM),连续3 a对一粒荚数、二粒荚数、三粒荚数和四粒荚数共4个荚粒性状进行QTL分析。结果表明:3 a间CIM和MIM分别定位到13个和24个QTL,分布11个连锁群上。采用CIM法,定位到1个控制一粒荚数的QTL在2 a中稳定出现;采用MIM法,定位到1个控制二粒荚数的QTL和1个控制四粒荚数的QTL在2 a中稳定出现,且控制四粒荚数的QTL 2 a的性状贡献率分别为72.5%和37.6%。     

黄籽双低高油分杂交油菜新品种鼎油17的选育

鼎油17是贵州省油菜研究所以隐性核不育系4655A为母本,恢复系02R为父本组配而成的黄籽双低高油分油菜杂交种。具有黄籽双低（芥酸含量小于1%,饼中硫苷含量小于30μm o l/g）、优质高产（含油率44.05%,在四川省区试中比对照增产8.19%）、抗性强、综合性状优良等特性。介绍了鼎油17的选育经过、主要特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点。     

鉴定玉米杂交种郑单958种子纯度的SSR标记筛选

利用SSR标记技术,选用50对SSR引物以玉米杂交种郑单958及其父母本DNA为材料,筛选出了4对在杂交种中呈现双亲互补带型的引物。研究表明：这4对引物均可用于玉米杂交种郑单958种子的纯度鉴定。     

石榴籽粒硬度特征及其相关生理指标研究

籽粒硬度是石榴果实品质的重要指标之一,探究石榴籽粒硬度特征及其相关生理指标,旨在为进一步的籽粒硬度形成与调控研究奠定基础。本研究建立了一套用TA.AX质构仪测定石榴籽粒硬度的体系,并对不同品种果实内不同着生部位籽粒的硬度进行了测定,发现果实内籽粒硬度普遍存在着异质性。通过籽粒硬度与木质素、纤维素含量的相关性研究,发现籽粒硬度与其木质素、纤维素含量显著相关,因此认为籽粒木质素、纤维素含量可作为评价石榴籽粒硬度的生理指标。尽管木质素含量可反映石榴籽粒硬度,但不同硬度籽粒的木质素染色后肉眼无法分辨,因此木质素染色法尚不能作为判断石榴籽粒硬度的直观方法。研究结果中籽粒硬度的异质性及籽粒硬度与木质素、纤维素间的相关性结果为后期籽粒硬度相关研究中的取样及代谢机制研究奠定了良好的基础。      

中国与引进国外大豆种质资源遗传多样性分析

利用11对SSR引物分析了来自中国、加拿大、美国、俄罗斯和意大利的共166份栽培大豆种质资源,共检测到33个等位变异,平均每对引物检测到的等位变异数为3.09,遗传多样性指数为0.946.中国栽培大豆种质具有较丰富的遗传多样性,聚类分析结果表明中国和俄罗斯大豆相似系数较大,初步认定中俄大豆的亲缘关系较近.加拿大和意大利...     

高含油量黄籽杂交油菜品种湘杂油631的选育

湘杂油631是湖南农业大学油料作物研究所育成的黄籽高产高含油量双低杂交油菜新品种,黄籽率稳定在90％以上.试验表明,湘杂油631平均产量达2 468.4 kg/h m2,比对照增产13.84％,种子含油量为45.8％,比生产上大面积推广的品种高3％～5％.介绍了湘杂油631在湖南省油菜区域试验中的选育经过、特征特性和栽培技术.     

杂交大豆吉育606栽培要点及制种技术

吉育606具有高产稳产、抗逆性强、适应性广等特点。2013年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定。一般4月下旬5月初播种,保苗16-18万株/hm2,其高产制种技术是选择适宜的制种基地,合理安排播期和行比,及时放蜂,安排有效隔离距离,严格去杂确保种子纯度等。     

醇溶蛋白法和SSR标记法检测小麦种子纯度的比较

为了比较SSR标记法和醇溶蛋白法检测小麦种子纯度的准确度,以参加冬小麦区域试验的8个品系为试材,利用SSR标记法和醇溶蛋白法分别检测8个品系中的杂株,以田间表型鉴定结果为对照.结果表明,在800个单株(每个品系取100个单株)中,醇溶蛋白法和SSR标记法分别检出44和55个杂株,田间表型鉴定出49个杂株.这49个杂株中,有41株同时被SSR标记法和醇溶蛋白法鉴定出来,另有8株仅被SSR标记法鉴定出来.证明SSR标记法检测小麦种子纯度较醇溶蛋白法更加准确.     

Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Mature Seed Culturability in Indica Rice

Genetic segregation analysis for mature seed culturability was conducted using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of indica rice, Yangdao 6 and Pei'ai 64s. Three indices of seed culturability, the frequency of callus induction, the frequency of brown callus and the increase of callus weight were investigated. A combined genetic map constructed with simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence tag site (STS), cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covered a total distance of 1 732.5 cM, averaging approximately 12 cM between two neighboring loci. Three QTLs on chromosomes 7, 7 and 10 were detected for the frequency of callus induction; three QTLs on chromosomes 6, 7 and 9 were detected for the frequency of brown callus; and two QTLs on chromosomes 5 and 7 were detected for the increase of callus weight. Common QTLs mapped at the interval flanking RM5481 and RM6835 on chromosome 7 were identified to be involved in the frequency of callus induction and the frequency of brown callus, explaining 7.29% and 12.52% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A total of 14 epistatic effects were detected for the three indices of mature seed culturability.     

Evaluation and Bulked Segregant Analysis of Major Yield QTL qtl12.1 Introgressed into Indigenous Elite Line for Low Water Availability under Water Stress

Near isogenic lines carrying large-effect QTL (qtl12.1), which has a consistent influence on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions in a wide range of environments, were evaluated under water stress in the fields. The line which gave higher yield under drought was crossed with a local elite line, PMK3, and forwarded to F2:3 generation. Significant variation was found among the F2:3 lines for agronomic traits under water stress in the fields. Low to high broad sense heritability (H) for investigated traits was also found. Water stress indicators such as leaf rolling and leaf drying were negatively correlated with plant height, biomass and grain yield under stress. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed with the markers in the vicinity of qtl12.1, and RM27933 was found to be segregated perfectly well in individual components of drought resistant and drought susceptible bulks which were bulked based on yield under water stress among F2:3 lines. Hence, this simple and breeder friendly marker, RM27933, may be useful as a potentially valuable candidate marker for the transfer of the QTL qtl12.1 in the regional breeding program. Bioinformatic analysis of the DNA sequence of the qtl12.1 region was also done to identify and analyze positional candidate genes associated with this QTL and to ascertain the putative molecular basis of qtl12.1.     

2个杂交籼稻和2个粳稻品种SSR指纹图谱的构建及双重PCR技术的初步研究

 用460对水稻SSR引物对5个杂交籼稻及其双亲和16个粳稻品种（系）进行了PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,筛选出12对稳定性好、多态性高、杂带少的SSR引物作为核心引物,构建了国稻6号和两优培九的SSR指纹图谱。另外,还筛选出9对核心引物,构建了粳稻品种盐稻8号和徐稻4号的分子指纹图谱。其中,筛选出国稻6号的特异性标记5个,两优培九的特异性标记3个,盐稻8号的特异性标记1个,徐稻4号的特异性标记2个。这些特异标记可用于种子纯度的快速鉴定。另外,挑选扩增条带稳定、特异性较好的引物组合,进行了双重PCR分析。     

六棱大麦抗赤霉病QTL的定位(英文)

赤霉病是最严重的大麦病害之一。由于赤霉病抗性是受多基因控制的数量性状(QTL),并且一些表型性状也影响大麦赤霉病的抗病,如棱数、株高和抽穗期等,所以抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育十分困难。为了明确加拿大六棱大麦中赤霉病抗性以及相关性状的QTLs,本研究在4年中对93个家系的DH作图群体中赤霉病抗性、呕吐毒素(DON)含量、株高、抽穗期和成熟期等相关性状进行调查,并利用分子标记(444个DArT和26个SSR标记)构建的连锁图谱对QTL开展复合区间作图。结果表明,本研究共检测到4个影响赤霉病的QTLs,其中,2个主要的QTLs定位在3H和7H染色体上,它们的加性效应为-3.44和-3.69,分别解释14.1%和17.5%的表型差异,总共解释31.6%的赤霉病抗性差异;另外2个QTLs定位于7H染色体上,但二者同时也与DON含量显著相关。此外,在3H、5H和7H染色体上确定了5个影响株高的QTLs,在2H、4H、5H和7H上确定了4个影响抽穗期的QTLs。同时发现2个赤霉病抗性QTLs和1个DON累积QTL与控制株高的QTLs聚集重叠,1个赤霉病抗性QTL和抽穗期QTLs重叠。这些与赤霉病抗性、株高及抽穗期等农艺性状紧密连锁的分子标记可进一步用于有效提高抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育效率。     

利用Wx和fgr基因双功能性标记高效选育优质水稻保持系

对选取的13份籼型保持系进行直链淀粉含量和香味测定及分子标记(484/485和fgr-1F/1R)检测,筛选出宜香1B作为试验用分子育种优质供体亲本。配组Ⅱ-32B/宜香1B,F2代进行该双标记分离分析,结果表明,不仅F2单株间特异性谱带差别明显便于鉴别,且呈现出两对独立遗传基因分离模式。选取F2代484/485和fgr-1F/1R呈Ⅰ型(与宜香B相同的带型)和Ⅲ型(杂合带型)的优良单株,经F3～F6加代,并结合农艺性状(株型、播抽历期等)和稻米品质性状(粒型、垩白度、透明度等)鉴定和选择,在F6再利用484/485和fgr-1F/1R分子标记进行复测和验证,从而获得了一批株系内性状基本稳定、株型好、直链淀粉含量中等、具有香味、外观和蒸煮食用品质优良的高世代株系。经测交鉴定,发现其保持系株系比例约占75.5%。表明利用Wx和fgr基因功能性分子标记的早世代检测和辅助选择,结合常规优质保持系鉴定和选育方法,可以快速获得直链淀粉含量中等、香味、长粒型、透明、低垩白、较易糊化等综合性状较优的保持系。     

亚洲栽培稻遗传变异分析最少SSR引物数的研究

以69份类型明确的亚洲栽培稻品种为材料,选用120对SSR引物,通过评估遗传多样性和群体结构,研究分析其遗传变异对SSR引物数的要求。结果表明:1)120对引物在69份试验材料中共检测到1256个等位变异,每个位点的等位基因数差异较大,变化范围为2~27,平均为10.5;平均Nei基因多样性指数变化范围为0.4058~0.9452,平均为0.7616;2)分析亚洲栽培稻遗传多样性时,至少需要72对SSR引物;3)分析亚洲栽培稻群体结构时所需最少引物数可降低至60对。     

Molecular Markers and Candidate Genes for Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile in Rice

The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations derived from crosses between IR68301 S, an indica TGMS rice line, and IR14632(tropical japonica), Supanburi 91062(indica) and IR67966-188-2-2-1(tropical japonica), respectively.Approximately 1:3 ratio between sterile and normal pollen of F_2 plants from the three populations revealed that TGMS is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and insertion-deletion(InDel) markers were used to identify markers linked to the tms gene. The linkage analysis based on the three populations indicated that the tms locus was located on chromosome 2 covering the same area. Using IR68301S × IR14632 F_2 population, the results showed that the tms locus was located between SSR marker RM12676 and InDel marker 2gAP0050058. The genetic distance from the tms gene to these two flanking markers were 1.10 and 0.82 cM, respectively.InDel marker 2gAP004045 located between these two markers showed complete co-segregation with the TGMS phenotype. In addition, InDel marker vf0206114052 showed 2.94 cM linked to the tms gene using F_2 populations of IR68301S × Supanburi 91062. These markers are useful tool for developing new TGMS lines by marker-assisted selection. There were ten genes located between the two flanking markers RM12676 and 2gAP0050058. Using quantitative real-time PCR for expression analysis, 7 of the 10 genes showed expression in panicles, and response to temperatures. These genes could be the candidate gene controlling TGMS in IR68301S.     

大豆硬实形成机制与破除技术的研究进展

硬实是种子休眠类型之一,在豆科作物中最为常见。种皮缺乏透性是硬实大豆形成的主要原因。种子硬实的影响因素包括遗传因素、大豆生长后期的环境条件以及贮藏条件等。硬实的处理方法机械划破种皮、温度处理、干湿交错处理和化学处理等。在种质保存过程中还可对种子硬实特性加以利用,发挥坚硬种皮的保水作用。     

SSR和SNP标记在玉米分子标记辅助背景选择中的应用比较

利用SSR和SNP两种标记对H2321/J076/J076的BC1F1代群体进行分子标记辅助背景选择,比较两种标记在分子标记辅助背景选择上的应用效果。经筛选表明,40对SSR引物中在回交亲本间具有多态性的引物有6对。利用多态性引物对BC1代群体进行毛细管电泳检测结果表明,157个单株轮回亲本背景回复率在50%~100%,背景回复率为100%的单株有1株,背景回复率91.67%的单株有14株。利用Maize SNP3072芯片分析后发现,104个多态性SNP位点可以将157株个体进行精细排序,背景回复率在51.92%~93.75%。比较SSR和SNP标记的背景选择结果,两种标记呈中等程度相关。在回交早代将SSR和SNP标记结合使用进行背景选择,可以实现大群体严选择,提高选择效率。