禽流感病毒A/chicken/Mudanjiang/0823/2000(H9N2)株NP及M1基因的克隆及序列分析

参照已发表的A型禽流感核蛋白(NP)、基质蛋白(M1)基因序列及其基因组特性,设计合成了一条通用反转录引物和两对特异性引物,采用RT-PCR法,成功克隆了禽流感病毒国内分离株A/chicken/Mudanjiang/0823/2000(H9N2)株的NP、M1基因.序列测定结果为NP基因cDNA全长1497bp,编码498个氨基酸.M1基因cDNA全长759bp,编码252个氨基酸.将其序列与数株A型流感病毒(H9N2)NP及M1基因序列进行比较,NP基因同源性为90.51%～98.46%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.38%～98.59%.M1基因同源性为90.78%～97.36%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.63%～99.60%.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 Nsp10基因的克隆及序列分析

根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 BJ-4序列,选择Nsp10基因保守区域设计并合成特异性引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒贵州地方株(命名为JL株)Nsp10基因片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序,应用DNASTAR、Clustal_1.81和Mega序列分析软件进行同源性比较.结果表明:贵州JL株Nsp10基因的cDNA长699 bp,可编码233 个氨基酸;贵州JL株Nsp10基因与早期分离毒株MLV株、BJ-4株、VR-2332株、CH-1a株、CH2002株和GS2004株相应序列的核苷酸同源性为 91.7%～94.0%,氨基酸同源性为97.4%～98.7%;而与最近分离毒株HN2007株、SX2007株、GD2007株、YN2008株、GS2008株、XL2008株、TJ株和JXA1株的核苷酸同源性为 98.3%～98.6%,氨基酸同源性为 99.6%～100%.     

新城疫病毒TL1株P基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank登陆的新城疫病毒P基因序列,设计了一对引物,用RT-PCR技术对新城疫病毒内蒙古分离株TL1的P基因进行了扩增。将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEM-Teasy载体,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。测序拼接得出P基因的序列长度为1248bp,该基因的ORF总长为1188bp,编码395个氨基酸。与GenBank下载的12株参考毒株比较P基因编码区全核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现TL1株与鹅源新城疫NA-1株核苷酸的同源性为99.8%,氨基酸的同源性为99.2%;与鹅源新城疫ZJ1株核苷酸的同源性为96.1%,氨基酸的同源性为95.5%,说明TL1株和与鹅源新城疫NA-1株、ZJ1株的同源性极高,它们三者亲缘关系较近,同属于基因VII型新城疫病毒。而与传统疫苗株LaSota核苷酸的同源性为83.4%,氨基酸的同源性81.8%,说明该毒株相对于经典的NDV在P基因上已发生了较大的变异。     

11株新城疫病毒广西分离株NP基因的克隆和序列分析

根据基因库中新城疫病毒(NDV)的NP基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术对广西在2000～2003年暴发新城疫的鸡群中分离的11株NDV毒株NP基因进行RT-PCR扩增和序列测定,拼接出11个NDV广西分离株的NP基因的全序列,10个NDV广西分离株的NP基因阅读框的核苷酸序列全长均为1470 bp,编码489个氨基酸,它们的NP基因核苷酸全序列及推导的氨基酸全序列与10个已发表的NDV参考株的NP基因全序列比较分析结果表明:核苷酸序列同源性为84.8%～98.2%,氨基酸同源性为89.8%～99.4%.     

鹅细小病毒VP1-VP3非重叠区基因的克隆与序列分析

通过克隆鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV)分离株VP1-V3非重叠区基因,并对其进行序列分析,为鹅细小病毒感染与疫苗免疫的鉴别诊断奠定理论基础.进行鹅胚病毒增殖,收集尿囊液,提取基因组,参考发表的B株序列,设计合成一对引物,经PCR扩增,克隆VP1-VP3基因,筛选阳性克隆,对其进行序列测定及同源性分析.结果表明,克隆的基因片段为901 bp,VP1-VP3基因共594 bp,编码198个氨基酸;弱毒株之间亲缘关系很近,核苷酸同源性99.5％～100％,氨基酸同源性98.5％～100％;强毒株与B株亲缘关系较近,核苷酸同源性96.6％,氨基酸同源性97.5％;弱毒株与强毒株亲缘关系较远,核苷酸同源性92％～93％,氨基酸同源性96％～97.5％;弱毒株与B株亲缘关系最远,核苷酸同源性92.5％～93％,氨基酸同源性93.9％～95.5％.说明强毒株与弱毒株之间核苷酸序列存在差异.     

新城疫病毒广西分离株M基因的克隆与序列分析

根据基因库中新城疫病毒M基因核苷酸序列,设计一对特异性引物,对2000年-2003年期间广西分离的11个NDV毒株的M基因进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定.结果表明,11个NDV广西分离株的M基因都为1 223个核苷酸,含有1个1 095 bp核苷酸阅读框(ORF),编码364个氨基酸.序列分析结果表明,这11个NDV分离株核苷酸的同源性在86%～99.9%之间,推导氨基酸的同源性在89.3%～99.7%之间;11个毒株与国内外其他7个NDV毒株比较核苷酸的同源性在83.3%～98.5%之间,推导氨基酸的同源性在87.4%～98.6%之间.     

狂犬病毒Flury株糖蛋白cDNA克隆与序列分析

根据狂犬病毒糖蛋白核苷酸序列,利用Oliga软件设计两对特异性引物,通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）扩增了狂犬病毒Flury-lep糖蛋白的全长cDNA,将其插入克隆载体pMD-18T并测序。测序结果及同源性分析表明,糖蛋白cDNA长1574bp,编码524个氨基酸。狂犬病毒株Flury-lep的RGP基因序列与GenBank公布的狂犬病毒株RGP基因片段核苷酸序列的同源性为82．3％～96．3％,其编码产物的氨基酸序列同源性为88．4％～94．3％。     

新城疫病毒昌黎株与国外毒株HN蛋白基因核苷酸及氨基酸差异性分析

参考国外发表的新城疫病毒 ( NDV)的 HN基因序列设计了 1对特异性引物 ,应用 RT-PCR对 NDV昌黎株 (野毒 )的 HN基因进行了扩增 ,扩增产物克隆后测序。扩增出的 HN基因核苷酸长度为 1 74 2 bp,编码 571个氨基酸 ,序列中有 6个糖基化位点 ,1 3个半胱氨酸残基 ,与国外发表的强毒株序列相符。核苷酸同源性在 88.5%～ 92 .9%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性在 90 .0 %～ 94 .2 %之间。     

贵阳地区犬细小病毒NS1基因的克隆及序列分析

为了解贵阳地区犬细小病毒(CPV)非结构蛋白NS1的遗传变异进化状况,试验采用PCR检测、分子克隆、测序及生物信息学软件对分离自贵阳的8株CPV的NS1基因进行序列分析。结果表明:成功扩增并克隆测序得到8株CPV NS1基因,全长为2 007 bp,共编码668个氨基酸;分离株间NS1基因核苷酸序列的同源性为98.4%～99.8%,与10株犬类参考毒株CPV NS1基因序列的同源性为98.3%～99.6%,与其他11株非犬类参考毒株NS1基因核苷酸的同源性为39.4%～99.1%。说明CPV NS1基因具有一定的种属特异性,其亲缘关系越近同源性越高。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒A66弱毒株全基因组分子克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR法对Ⅰ型DHV A66弱毒株基因组全序列进行了分子克隆与测序.研究结果表明,不含Poly(A)尾巴的A66株的基因组全长为7 704个核苷酸残基,包括626个核苷酸残基的5′端非编码区、6 750个核苷酸残基的开放阅读框和314个核苷酸残基的3′非编码区.应用分子生物学软件将A66株与GenBank公布的其他DHV-Ⅰ全基因序列进行同源性比较分析,结果表明,除了90D和04G两株变异株外,A66株ORF的核苷酸序列与其他各株的同源性在94.3%～99.7%之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在97.3%～99.6%之间,并且A66与C80、JX弱毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性均很高,在99.4%以上,各毒株氨基酸序列同源性比核苷酸同源性略高.Ⅰ型DHV病毒基因组的一级结构高度保守.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …