豆科树种根瘤菌共生体系研究进展

本文根据国内外有关豆科树种根瘤菌共生固氮研究现状,结合作者几年来的工作,对豆科树种的结瘤情况进行综述;对绝大多数苏木亚科树种既不结瘤,又不固氮的原因,以及豆科树种根瘤菌的分类地位和这一共生体系的其他性状,也进行了扼要的评述。     

木本豆科植物根瘤菌16S rDNA的PCR-RFLP研究

为了研究华东地区木本豆科植物根瘤菌种质资源的遗传多样性,采用6种限制性内切酶对53株根瘤菌进行16S rDNAPCR-RFLP多态性分析,共产生35种类型的16S rDNA遗传图谱.聚类分析结果表明,在75%的相似水平上,所有供试菌株可以分为8个系统发育分支.其中,分支3由22个菌株组成,属于中慢生根瘤菌属(Meso-rhizobiura);9个菌株组成分支6和7,属于快生根瘤菌属(Rhizobium);分支5包含7个菌株,属于慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium);其余19个菌株与已知菌株亲缘关系较远,可分为4个未知的系统发育分支,这4个新的分支最少有1个新的根瘤菌属存在.结果还表明木本植物根瘤菌存在着极丰富的遗传多样性.     

固氮豆科树种和豆科树种根瘤菌资源的研究

调查观察了４８属１２２种豆科树种的结瘤情况，其中８２种结瘤。采用ＶｍｃｅｎｔＪＭ分离方法，从根瘤中分离获得了１２３个根瘤菌株的纯培养，各菌株的菌落特性和生长速度差异明显。经回接和交叉接种试验进一步确定这们为豆科树种根瘤菌。     

豆科树种根瘤菌与四种豆科植物的接种试验

从５１种豆科树种根瘤中分离获得的６６个菌株与４种豆科植物进行接种试验，幼苗经５０ｄ培养，刺槐，合欢，大豆，豌豆的结瘤率分别为１００％，８７．９％，６９．７％，２５．８％。其中有１２个菌株可同时在这４种豆科植物上结瘤，２９个菌株可同时在刺槐，合欢和大豆上结瘤，４个可同时在刺槐，合欢和豌豆上结瘤，说明豆科对种根瘤菌具有较广泛的共生寄主范围。     

中国油桐品种分类的研究

对全国油桐种质资源普查发掘出来的151个油桐品种及其形态特征、生物学特性、生态习性和经济性状等13个指标进行了相关分析,并在此基础上,用主分量分析。聚类分析和判别分析等数量分类的方法,将136个三年桐品种划分为7个类群,15个千年桐品种划分为3个类群,获得了较好的分类效果,解决了长期以来存在的油桐品种分类混乱问题。     

生理生化方法在蜡蚧轮枝菌及一些相关菌聚类分析上的应用

本文对蜡蚧轮枝菌及一些相关菌共６６个菌株，运用生理生化方法作为形态学研究的辅助，进行了类平均法的系统聚类分析。结果表明这些生理生化方法在轮枝菌的系统分析上具有重要意义。所有菌株可分成８个类聚组，基本上可以把蜡蚧轮枝菌与其他一些菌株区分开，并能够反映出该菌内各种来源不同的品系之间的差异。     

中国榆科植物果实,种子形态及聚类分析的研究

对中国产榆科８属、２６种植物的果料和种子形态进行了研究，包括果核表面的电阄扫描。编制了种子、果实分属检索表，简要记载了榆科８属果核表面电镜扫描特征。以果实、种子形态特征为主，参阅花粉和种子油脂肪酸资料及腊叶标本，进行了３６个性状的聚类分析。参阅其他有关文献，支持把剌榆属Ｈｅｍｉｐｔｅｌｅａ及榉属Ｚｅｌｋｏｖａ划归榆亚科Ｕｌｍｏｉｄｅａｅ，把朴亚科由榆科中独立成朴科Ｃｅｌｔｉｄａｃｅａｅ的意见。     

兰州地区侧柏等树种水分状况的测定分析

本文通过对侧柏等11个树种的多个水分生理指标的测定,用主分量分析法将各树种划分为3个生态生理群:灌木旱生群、针叶较旱生群和阔叶中生群。用综合评审法将其依抗旱性大小进行排序:侧柏、甘蒙柽柳、野枸杞、柠条、油松、白榆、文冠果、臭椿、旱柳、河北杨、刺槐。认为:以主分量分析进行的类群划分在造林中具有实际应用价值。应用综合评审法对树种间抗旱性进行比较,方法简便易行。     

9年生桂南地区18种阔叶树种生长表现

为筛选适合广西桂南地区发展的阔叶树种,对桂南地区 9 年生 18 种阔叶树种的树高、胸 径、冠幅、保存率等指标进行调查。结果表明：各树种保存率存在极显著差异,香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）、土沉香（Aquilaria sinensis）、马蹄荷（Exbucklandia populnea）保存率较差,其他树种保存 率较高 , 表明大部分树种对桂南地区环境适应能力较强。不同树种之间的树高、胸径和冠幅生长存在极 显著差异,通过聚类分析,可将 18 个树种分为 3 个类群,A 类群具有较大的胸径和树高,较快的生长 速度,主要以木兰科植物为主;B 类群生长速度中等,主要以豆科、壳斗科和樟科植物为主;C 类群 生长速度较慢,多为豆科植物。香梓楠 (Michelia hedyosperma)、厚荚相思 (Acacia crassicarpa)、山白兰 (M. alba)、米老排 (Mytilaria laosensis)、灰木莲 (M. glanca)、火力楠 (M. macclurei)、蓝花楹 (Jacaranda mimosifolia) 具有速生且适应性强的特性,降香黄檀（Dalbergia odorifera）、柚木（Tectona grandis）、格木 (Erythrophleum fordii)、土沉香 (A. sinensis) 生长比较缓慢。     

安宁思茅松毛虫6龄幼虫肠道可培养细菌的多样性研究

为给思茅松毛虫的综合防治提供参考措施,以安宁地区思茅松毛虫(Dendrolimu kikuchii)6龄幼虫为对象,采用纯培养法对其肠道细菌进行分离纯化,并进行形态特征观察及生理生化指标测定,对菌株进行初步鉴定,再结合16S rDNA分子鉴定技术进行分析,初步判定细菌的分类学地位,研究其肠道细菌的多样性。结果显示:从6龄思茅松毛虫幼虫肠道中共分离到104株细菌,初步鉴定隶属于10个属14个类群,分别为55株芽孢杆菌属(5个类群)、9株类芽孢杆菌属(1个类群)、2株苍白杆菌属(1个类群)、5株短芽孢杆菌属(1个类群)、4株微球菌属(1个类群)、6株莫拉菌属(1个类群)、8株栖水菌属(1个类群)、2株土壤芽孢杆菌属(1个类群)、7株葡萄球菌属(1个类群)、6株普罗威登斯菌属(1个类群)。其中芽孢杆菌属具有最高的相对分离率,为53.00%。6龄幼虫肠道细菌的Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数分别为2.5217、0.9129、2.7991。思茅松毛虫6龄幼虫肠道细菌的多样性丰富,芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属,这些菌种为研究思茅松毛虫综合防治奠定了基础。     

Effect of rhizobial inoculation on growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calliandra</Emphasis> tree species under nursery conditions

A nursery experiment was conducted in un-sterilized soil in Senegal using six Calliandra species or provenances inoculated with a mixture of seven rhizobial strains. Plant growth was assessed periodically at 1, 2, 3, 12 and 18 months whereas nodulation, shoot and root dry weights were assessed at 12 and 18 months after planting (MAP). Un-inoculated seedlings of all the six species died at 12 months after planting. Results of growth assessments were variable with significant differences (P < 0.05) between C. calothyrsus Meissn provenances (Flores and San Ramón) and C. juzepczukii Standley in height at 1, 2 and 3 MAP. Shoot dry weights of San Ramón provenance of C. calothyrsus Meissn were also significantly different from those of C. acapulcensis (Britton and Rose) Standley and C. longepedicellata (Mc Vaugh) H. Hern and Macqueen at 18 MAP. In contrast, C. glandiflora (L’Her.) Benth grew poorly and did not nodulate. Although rhizobial inoculation improved shoot and root dry weights some differences were observed among the Calliandra species in response to the inoculation, which suggested the occurrence of interaction between the rhizobial strains and the host plant species tested.     

Phenotypic variation in Phoebe bournei populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P.bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations(34.92%)was greater than that within populations(26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77%among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance(CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%.The CV of leaf traits among populations(15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits(8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors.Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.     

Characterization of endophytic bacteria with plant growth promotion and biological control potential isolated from walnut trees

In this study, a total of 68 endophytic bacteria were isolated from different tissues of walnut trees. About 55% and 22% of the strains had the ability to produce indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid, respectively. The capability of isolates to solubilize phosphate, growth on N‐free medium, siderophore, protease and lipase production was varied. Based on phenotypic grouping and plant growth promotion properties, twelve isolates were selected and 16S rRNA gene‐based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains showed 99%–100% similarity to Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Roseomonas and Streptomyces genera. Amongst the selected strains, PS12, KS54, JS66 and KS74 showed root and shoot growth enhancement of poplar cutting. NS70, KS54 and PL36 strains showed antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae;RR47, KS74 and NR69 strains had inhibition effects against Brenneria nigrifluens; and JS66 and RR26 strains had antagonistic activity against both phytopathogens under in vitro conditions. This is the first reported study to elucidate the endophytic bacterial diversity associated with walnut trees with beneficial attributes.     

Two New Genera of Hoplocampinae from China with a Key to Known Genera of the Subfamily in the World (Hymenoptera:Nematidae)

记述中国突瓣叶蜂科实叶蜂亚科２新属新种：李单室叶蜂Ｍｏｎｏｃｅｌｉｃａｍｐａｐｒｕｎｉｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎ．;美丽异实叶蜂Ａｎｈｏｐｌｏｃａｍｐａｆｕｍｏｓａｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎ．简要讨论了实叶蜂亚科的分类地位和范围,编制了此亚科已知８属的族、属检索表．     

Phenotypic variation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoebe bournei</Emphasis> populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P. bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations (34.92%) was greater than that within populations (26.19%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77% among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance (CV) of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%. The CV of leaf traits among populations (15.64%) was higher than that of seed traits (8.60%), indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors. Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.     

棕榈藤茎的解剖特性及商用藤归类

描述我国省藤属，黄藤属及钩叶藤属茎的解剖特性；讨论属的鉴别问题，根据茎的特性，质地及贸易情况将商用藤归为五类：黄藤属，钩叶藤属自成一类，有藤属划分为小茎藤，中茎藤和大茎藤三类。     

百色地区香合欢种子表型性状变异分析

为了揭示香合欢自然居群表型变异程度和规律,本研究采用方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析等方法,对百色地区6个居群香合欢种子的5个表型性状进行比较研究,讨论居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果表明:香合欢种子的5个性状在居群内和局群间均存在丰富的变异,平均变异系数在10.68%~49.30%之间,各性状在居群间、居群内个体间均达极显著差异;各性状平均表型分化系数为47.36%,居群间(31.67%)变异略大于居群内(28.67%)变异,说明二者均是香合欢的主要变异来源。种子性状均与海拔呈正相关,与年均降水量呈负相关,但未达到显著水平。研究结果可为香合欢良种选育工作奠定基础,对进一步保护和利用香合欢种质资源具有一定的指导意义。     

油橄榄品种表型性状的多样性

为筛选油橄榄优良基因型,以便进一步开展油橄榄遗传改良工作,对四川青川县10个油橄榄品种的14个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:油橄榄表型性状遗传变异丰富,各项性状平均变异系数为17.59%,叶形指数、核形指数、果形指数、叶柄长和花序长是油橄榄品种鉴别与优树选择的重要特征指标;应用主成分分析法,从样本相关矩阵出发,提出了5个反映油橄榄表型的主成分;经系统聚类,把10个品种大致聚为3类。10个油橄榄品种的表型变异与其地理来源无关。