日本、中国、韩国的木材贸易与森林利用——《中国、日本、韩国的木材贸易与森林利用》研讨会

2011年11月13日,日本林业经济学会和中国、日本、韩国林业经济国际研讨会筹备委员会共同主办的《中国、日本、韩国的木材贸易与森林利用》研讨会在东京大学举行。中国、日本、韩国参会代表分别做了主题发言。     

绿了山头富了民——写在我省开展退耕还林两周年之际

山绿了 ,仓满了 ,生态环境改善了 ,农民群众有劲了。沿我省黄河流域 16个退耕还林还草试点县的工程区内 ,如今已是满山叠翠、绿色满园。那一条条林带郁郁葱葱、一片片生态林生机盎然、一方方果园香飘四溢、一户户朴实的庄稼人靠退耕还林脱贫有望。在山西 ,正因为上至省委、省政府 ,下至林业工作者和广大人民群众忠实地执行了党中央、国务院关于“退耕还林、封山绿化、以粮代赈、个体承包”的政策 ,在短短的两年间 ,共完成国家下达的退耕还林总任务 15 .0万hm2 ,共涉及 4个市 (地 )、16个县、2 5 7个乡镇、176 1个村、7.3万农户 ,共投入资金 …     

The Macedonian Pine, (Pinus peuce Grisebach) in the Balkans and Great Britain

Macedonian pine is little known in Britain as a forest tree.Information comes mainly from its native range in the Balkanmountains, and from specimen trees and young forest plots inBritain. Following a visit in 1982 to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria,the author describes the site conditions and ecological relationsof this species to Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver fir.Early growth is characteristically slow, even on favourablesites, though it improves after 6–10 years and basal areaincrement may later exceed that of other pines. Growth and behaviourin British stands (mainly 20 years old, but a few older ones)is recorded. Stands of P. peuce are typically healthy and haveexcellent form. Insect and fungal damage is minimal. Early timbertests show specific gravity and strength are low, but the woodis very stable in drying and could have a use in joinery. Seedfrom selected stands will now be used for provenance testing.     

Tree and forest encroachment into fescue grasslands on the Cypress Hills plateau,southeast Alberta,Canada

Tree encroachment into rough fescue (Festuca campestris) grassland has been identified as an ecological concern on the Cypress Hills plateau in southeastern Alberta, Canada. A combination of field sampling (109 transects), a dendrochronological assessment (1361 trees), and a time series analysis of remotely sensed images from five different time periods (1950–2002) were used to determine the extent and rate of tree encroachment and forest development. Tree cover increased by 768 ha (～51%) between 1950 and 2007, representing 10% of the study area, from 1502 ha of pre-1950 forest. Post-1950 tree invasion also created an ingress zone of 750 ha (～10% of study area) based on field transects. Forest cover increased at a consistent rate of 14.3 ha/year. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) was the most common tree species associated with encroachment. Invasion based on the number of established trees occurred at an exponential rate of 3.1%/year after 1890, with density increased by filling spaces adjacent to and between trees within the grassland vegetation. The rate of tree establishment increased to 4.4%/year after 1980, suggesting a change occurred in environmental conditions. Annual atmospheric temperatures increased 0.55 °C from 1929 to 2005 (P < 0.001), with winter (December–February) and spring (March–May) temperatures accounting for most of the increase (P < 0.001), whereas summer (June–August) temperatures slightly decreased (P < 0.050, 0.34 °C) and precipitation increased (P < 0.005, 30 mm). Cattle and elk (Cervus elaphus) grazing was not considered a primary factor for explaining tree encroachment. Based on multidimensional scaling, lodgepole pine establishment was associated with warmer spring temperatures and greater fall (October–November) precipitation. A landscape devoid of wildfires, combined with greater moisture availability, and a longer frost-free season is likely conducive to the sustained establishment of coniferous trees and forest development within the Cypress Hills fescue grassland ecosystem. Long-term conservation of the fescue grasslands could be possible by reintroducing fire.     

中日两国地区旅游形象设计比较研究及其对我国的启示

指出了地区旅游形象设计不仅仅有助于宣传当地旅游形象,而且有助于扩大本地的知名度,增进人们对本地的好感。为此,很多国家和地区都非常重视旅游形象的设计。从中国和日本的情况来看,由于传统文化思想、审美能力、设计人员的阅历和艺术创造观等诸多方面的差异,使得两国在旅游形象主题词、形象Logo和宣传口号的设计方面出现了不同的特色。针对两国已经公布的地区旅游形象设计进行了深入地剖析与阐述。通过比较研究,有助于两方取长补短,提高旅游形象设计水平,从而更好地开展宣传和扩大相关地区的知名度。     

中国与欧盟、美国、日本人造板甲醛标准比较

对中国人造板甲醛标准与欧盟、美国、日本的人造板标准进行比较, 分析国内标准与国外标准在质量要求、平衡处理和检测方法要求等方面的差异, 以及不同检测方法间的相关性, 以期为中国人造板的生产、贸易和标准制修订以及标准输出提供参考.     

中日美栗疫病菌群体遗传结构比较

采用RFLP技术 ,对中日美 3国的 2 6个子群体共 75 7个栗疫病菌菌株的核DNA进行了群体遗传结构分析。结果表明 ,栗疫病菌的中国子群体间遗传结构有明显的分化 ,日本子群体间的遗传结构差异不明显 ;在美国和亚洲的栗疫病菌群体间没有发现基因流的迹象 ;美国栗疫病菌群体的遗传结构与日本群体的关系比较密切 ,而与中国群体间的差异较大。