飞机喷洒防治松褐天牛作业技术要点

本文介绍了飞机喷洒防治松褐天牛技术要点,一是掌握有利防治时机,二是充分做好前期准备,三是采用先进的喷洒技术,四是加强飞防效果监测,五是重视飞防安全。     

美国白蛾飞防作业质量控制技术探讨

本文总结近年来美国白蛾飞机防治工作的经验和教训,对美国白蛾飞机喷洒防治作业质量控制技术进行了探讨。通过采取充分做好前期准备、选择适宜的药剂、掌握有利防治时机、运用先进的喷洒技术等4项措施,可以提高美国白蛾飞防作业质量,确保飞防效果。     

日本松材线虫病的防治现状

<正> 松材线虫病是由松褐天牛传播所致,病害蔓延迅速,造成的损失严重。日本经多年的研究,目前在防治方面采取的主要防治技术有:1.天牛的化学防治:在天牛羽化的初期和盛期各喷一次杀虫剂,能杀死大部份天牛成虫,减少甚至在局部地区遏止病害再发生,施药方式有地面喷洒和飞机喷洒两种。飞机喷洒采用直升飞机,从林冠上10m高撒     

采用飞机低容量防治森林害虫效益显著

<正> 飞机喷洒药液防治森林害虫,现在较多使用的是常量喷洒。实际上,低容量喷洒经济效益十分显著。常量最大喷洒面积一般为每架次400亩,而低容量每架次至少为1200亩。85年与86年我市用这两种方式防治马尾松毛虫,事实证明,在防治面积基本相同的情况下,低容量喷洒比常量喷洒可提高工效2倍,节省飞行作业时间近2/3。而用这两种喷洒方式,灭虫率二年试验均达到95％以上。为便于比较常量与低容量喷洒的经济效益,下面试就我市两年飞防时采用的常量和低     

杨树扦插期病害防治技术

杨树扦插期较为严重的病害主要有黑斑病、叶绣病和灰斑病等。黑斑病的主要防治方法是喷洒65％的代森锌250倍或1：1：170的波尔多液进行防治;叶绣病的主要防治方法是在发病期喷洒0．3％石硫合剂、65％代森锰锌500倍或敌锈钠200倍;灰斑病的主要防治方法是喷洒65％代森锌500倍或1：1：125—1：1：170波尔多液进行防治。     

飞机超低容量喷洒苏脲Ⅰ号杀虫剂防治泡桐大袋蛾应用技术的研究

1991年进行了飞机超低容量喷洒25%苏脲Ⅰ号杀虫剂防治泡桐大袋蛾应用技术的试验。试验结果证明:幼虫孵化结束后是最佳喷药防治时期,超低容量喷洒比低容量喷洒工作效率提高77.8%,飞行费和勤杂费均节省43%以上;在所试验架次中,以每亩喷苏脲Ⅰ号有效成分10g 剂量为最好,具有防治工作效率高、杀虫速度快、效果好、成本低、效益显著等优点。平均杀虫率97.5%,10天后幼虫进入死亡高峰期,3龄以前幼虫占总死亡率的80%以上。喷药防治后,不仅完全控制了大袋蛾对泡桐、林果和农作物的危害,还兼治了农林其他害虫。     

利用白僵菌高孢粉飞机防治刚竹毒蛾试验

运用海燕650C轻型飞机喷洒白僵菌高孢粉飞机防治专用药防治刚竹毒蛾中、重度危害面积5 000 hm2,结果表明飞机喷洒白僵菌高孢粉是一种高效、稳定、安全、持效期长的生物措施,使用喷洒量为150 g/hm2飞机防治作业16 d后,第1代虫口减退率80.44%以上,防治效果好;对第2代刚竹毒蛾也具有一定的防治效果;飞机防治对林间生物多样性的影响可忽略不计。     

飞机喷洒苏特灵Bt生物杀虫剂防治松毛虫试验

利用运11型飞机喷洒苏特灵Bt生物杀虫剂防治松毛虫的试验研究，筛选出适宜的剂量、喷洒时间和喷雾文化，为大面积生产防治提供可靠数据。试验结果表明，采用低容量喷雾，用药量750g/hm^2，喷洒时间198s，杀虫率可达93．4％，是大面积防治松毛虫经济、有效、理想的选择。     

松沫蝉若虫和成虫林间防治技术研究

松沫蝉是危害多种松树的一种刺吸式害虫,为掌握松沫蝉若虫和成虫的药剂防治技术,通过在林间喷洒和打孔注射不同浓度的药剂防治松沫蝉若虫,飞机喷洒药剂防治松沫蝉成虫。结果显示:林间喷洒5 d后,溴氰菊酯3种浓度防效都在89%以上,溴氰菊酯500倍液的防效最高,为93.6%;吡虫啉3个浓度药剂的防效都在70%~80%,吡虫啉500倍液的防效最高,为78.5%。打孔注药5 d后,氧乐果10倍液、20倍液的防效分别为90.4%和86.9%。飞机喷洒溴氰菊酯24 h内松沫蝉死亡率较高,喷药3 d后,每株死亡数量达到1 234~3 542头,飞防杀虫率90%以上,使松沫蝉得到有效控制。     

自制杀虫药五法

生姜液杀虫。将生姜捣烂加20倍水浸泡12小时后滤液,喷洒受虫害植株,可防治蚜虫、红蜘蛛、潜叶虫等害虫。每天喷一次,连喷4～5天,防治率可达100％。用生姜液浇花,还可防治线虫危害。 风油精稀释液杀虫。喷洒400～600倍风油精稀释液,可防治红蜘蛛;喷洒600～800倍风油精稀释液,可防治蚜     

无人机喷雾技术防治刚竹毒蛾幼虫效果评价

为明确无人机喷雾与人工喷雾在防治效果和成本上的差异,揭示植保无人机喷雾施药技术的优点,在福建邵武发生刚竹毒蛾为害的毛竹林建立试验区,选用5种不同作用机制的生物农药,开展无人机喷雾和人工地面喷雾施药技术的防治对比试验。结果表明：无人机喷雾对刚竹毒蛾幼虫的防效显著好于人工喷雾,且在防治工效、人工费用和防治成本上均优于人工喷雾,表明植保无人机喷雾是一种便捷高效且节时、省力、降费的施药技术,可推广应用于林业有害生物的防治。     

Exposure assessment for terrestrial non-target arthropods

Concerns regarding the potential of pesticides to harm terrestrial non-target arthropod populations have led to the increased use of ecotoxicological test systems for terrestrial Non-target Arthropod risk assessment. Whilst some useful guidance on terrestrial invertebrate test systems is available, there are significant gaps in guidance for terrestrial non-target arthropod exposure estimates. The typical exposure in the standard test systems is by application of the test substance at the field rate (i. e. gram substance per hectare field) on to a two dimensional surface. However, under field conditions such a spray deposit will be diluted over the total available 3-Dimensional plant and soil surface. The recommendation is to use published leaf area index and crop interception values to standardize terrestrial dilution factors, which can then be used to predict exposure on a 3-Dimensional plant surface. Based on average crop/time specific LAI data for 26 crops, a surrogate off-crop dilution factor of 12 was calculated which can be used to convert 2-Dimensional spray drift exposure to 3-Dimensional off-crop plant surface exposure. Another significant terrestrial exposure guidance gap is how to calculate predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for multiple application products. Based on spray interval and half-life data from 32 representative multiple application plant protection products, the typical worst-case PECs for accumulation of residues were calculated after up to 8 applications. These data showed that Multiple Application Factors (MAFs = accumulated PEC/initial PEC), increased from 1 to 3.5 after 1 to 8 applications, respectively. Finally, overall 90^th percentile spray deposit values have been proposed for deriving off-crop multiple applications PECs (1 to 8 applications) based on published spray drift data. The recommended equations for terrestrial exposure assessment include the use of:-application rate, the 90^th percentile drift value, the multiple application factors (MAF) and the standard dilution factor (for 3-Dimensional plant surface). This proposed terrestrial non-target arthropod exposure scheme is comparable with other first tier exposure assessment schemes eg aquatic exposure assessment.     

红叶小檗嫩技术扦插技术研究

红叶小檗用种子繁殖变异很大，采用嫩枝扦插繁殖可以保持其优化性状，经研究表明，用间歇喷雾育苗技术，结合植物生长激素处理，可获得生根率较高的红叶小檗苗木，其育苗方法简单易行，可以规模化的大批量生产。     

Pest management based on petroleum spray oil in navel orange orchard in Ganzhou,South China

Comparisons between petroleum spray oil (PSO)-based pest management (pest management based on petroleum spray oil) and conventional pest management were made in a navel orange orchard from 2004 to 2005 in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, South China. PSO-based management reduced chemical pesticide use and increased the species richness of natural enemies. To control the key pests below the economic threshold, PSO use, compared with chemical pesticide, reduced the cost of pest management. PSO had no negative effects on fruit yield and quality, and could form the basis of a practical and sustainable pest management program in navel orange. C. Chen and J. Zheng contributed equally to this work.     

应用关联度对影响化学防治松毛虫危害的主导气候因素的分析

赤峰市松山区老府林场 3～ 4龄松毛虫不同程度危害了油松 ,用 6HYB-2 5 AD( W)烟雾机喷撒化学药物进行了防治。本文应用关联度对与防治有联系的气候因素进行了分析 ,为做好防治工作提供了依据。     

喷雾冷冻干燥在植物提取和医药中的应用

通过比较喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥和喷雾冷冻干燥各自的特点，介绍了一种新型的干燥方法即喷雾冷冻干燥的机理，归纳和总结国外喷雾冷冻干燥在植物提取和医药中的应用研究进展，分析了通过喷雾冷冻干燥获得的干燥产品的特性，并提出了其可能的应用领域和范围，为进一步研究喷雾冷冻干燥技术提供相应的理论和实践基础。     

谈红皮云杉“全光下雾插“育苗介绍

从生物培育技术角度分析介绍了利用喷雾设备提高红皮云杉在全光条件下扦插成活率的方式方法。     

热喷焊技术工艺设计及其应用

热喷焊在设备维修中得到了广泛的应用。为得到良好的喷焊层 ,热喷焊要根据基材性质和工作条件选择合适的喷焊材料 ,设计合理涂层结构。在喷焊过程中可采用一步法或二步法进行喷焊。热喷焊技术在设备维修工作中越来越发挥着重要作用     

无人机雾化喷头对雾滴在竹林中沉降分布及害虫防效的影响

为明确不同喷头型号对无人机喷雾雾滴在竹林中沉积分布和防效的影响,揭示无人机喷雾的关键技术,研究选用不同型号雾化喷头,开展无人机喷雾雾滴检测和林间防治试验,分析不同喷头型号对雾滴的覆盖密度、沉降率、有效喷幅、密度变异系数和防治效果的影响。结果表明：无人机喷洒系统的雾化喷头对雾滴沉积分布的影响较大,在竹林喷雾中,无人机雾化喷头以SX110015VS型号为宜,其雾滴在竹林中的沉积分布状况最佳,雾滴穿透性最强,防治效果最理想。     

Deposition Effects of Electrostatic and NonElectrostatic Aerial Spray

In this study,we compared the aerial electrostatic spray with non-electrostatic spray by helicopter R44 and fixed-wing aircraft Y5B equipped with an own-made aerial electrostatic spraying system.The results showed that the spray deposits on targets and leaves of tree crowns were notable enhanced comparing with the non-electrostatic and conventional aerial spray.The spray deposits were fine,uniform and the densities were 1.0-1.75 times higher than the non-electrostatic spray.Deposit rate of the electrostatic spray on the backs of leaves by helicopter R44 was 2.15 times of the non-electrostatic, and 3.31 times of the conventional aerial spray.The deposit rate of the electrostatic spray on the backs of leaves by the Y5B was 2.38 times of the non-electrostatic,and 3.44 times of the conventional aerial spray.