不同温度热应激对肉鸡血液生化指标及肉品质的影响

研究不同温度热应激对肉鸡感官性状及血液生化指标的影响。将80只30日龄的AA肉鸡随机分为4组,每组20羽。对照组环境温度为(25±1)℃,其他3组受试鸡的环境温度迅速上升至(33±1)℃、(37±1)℃、(41±1)℃,并分别持续4h的热应激处理。宰杀后测定鸡胸肉的pH、滴水损失、肉色和剪切力,利用临床血液病理学的方法,检测宰前不同强度热应激对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果显示,宰前热应激明显降低宰后肉鸡胸肉的pH30min、pH24h和a*值,明显提高宰后肉鸡滴水损失、L*值和剪切力值;随热应激温度升高,血清中肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和丙二醛(MDA)活性逐渐升高,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性逐渐降低。     

Effects of early and late feed restriction or feed withdrawal on growth performance,ascites and blood constituents of broiler chickens

A study was conducted with male broilers to determine the effects of early and late feed restriction or feed withdrawal. In the experiment five treatments were represented by three replicate floor pens, each containing 20 broilers. The experimental procedure was a completely randomized design. The treatments were ad libitum (AL), 25% (FR-25) and 50% (FR-50) feed-restricted or 8 h (FW-8) and 16 h (FW-16) feed withdrawal regimes, respectively. FW-16 regime significantly reduced weight gain to 21 days of age compared to AL or FR-25 regimes (P<0.05). However, the overall weight gains between 9 days and 42 days of age were not significantly affected by the treatments. FW-8 and FW-16 broilers consumed significantly less feed than either AL or FR broilers between 9 and 21 days (P<0.05), however FW-8 and FW-16 broilers had similar feed intake to AL or FR-25 and FR-50 broilers between 9 and 42 days of age. Feed: gain, abdominal fat pad and heart weights, mortality, death due to ascites, and the incidence of leg disorders were unchanged by feeding regimes, although the incidence of ascites in FW-16 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than AL fed broilers. Blood constituents, such as albumin, total cholesterol, ketone bodies, glucose, chlorine, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine were also significantly affected by feeding regimes (P<0.05).     

早期热习服对肉鸡后期热暴露肛温、血液生化指标的影响

本试验研究了5d雏鸡经过热习服处理(温度39.0℃,RH60%,24h)在生长后期第4、5、6周龄遭受3周的35.2℃(高温)和37.6℃(极端高温)的热暴露,对肉鸡肛温和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:早期热习服提高了机体的肛温,可能提高了对后期高温热应激的热耐受阈值;早期热习服能通过有效调节机体的白蛋白和球蛋白等生化反应能力而提高对高温环境的耐热力.     

间歇光照对肉鸡体内脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响

低温诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征（PHS）,动态观察限制光照对肉鸡PHS发病率及体内脂质过氧化作用的影响。将320羽1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组。常温组按常规饲养,24 h连续光照。3个低温组从14日龄起逐步降温诱发PHS,并于9～30日龄分别在夜间停止光照0、35、h。结果,低温组PHS发病率、右心全心比（RV/TV）、肺厚壁末梢血管百分率（%TWPV）和丙二醛（MDA）水平显著升高,而血浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性降低。限制光照组SOD活性升高而PHS发病率、RV/TV、TWPV和MDA显著降低。间歇光照组早期生长速度减慢,后期体质量得到补偿性增长,并在44日龄与连续光照组差异不显著。这一结果表明,减轻体内脂质过氧化作用,提高机体抗氧化酶活性并减轻以非肌型肺动脉肌型化为特征的肺血管重构,可能是限制光照使肉鸡PHS发病率降低的机理之一。     

Evaluation of supplementary stevia (Stevia rebaudiana,bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: effects on feed intake,nutrient metabolism,blood parameters and growth performance

A perennial schrub, stevia, and its extracts are used as a natural sweetener and have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Stevia contains high levels of sweetening glycosides including stevioside which is thought to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Little is known about the nutritional value of the schrub in livestock. This study determined the potential use of the shrub as a prebiotic animal feed supplement in light of the recent ban on the use of antibiotics in animal feed and the role of its constituent stevioside in the effects of the shrub. Male Cobb broiler chicks were fed a basal broiler diet without antibiotic but with performance enhancing enzyme mix (positive control), a basal diet without antibiotic and enzymes (negative control), or diets in which 2% of the negative control diet was replaced with either dried ground stevia leaves or 130 ppm pure stevioside during 2 week starter and 2 week grower periods. Body weight gains, feed conversion, abdominal fat deposition, plasma hormone and metabolites and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in the broilers at 2 and 4 weeks of age. There was no significant effect of the treatments on feed intake during the starter period but birds fed diet supplemented with stevia leaves and stevioside consumed more feed (p < 0.05) than those fed the positive control diet during the grower period. Weight gain by birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was higher (p < 0.05) than those fed other diets only during the starter period. Feed/gain ratio of birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was superior (p < 0.05) to others. There was no effect of the treatments on nutrient retention and water content of the excreta. Dietary stevia leave and stevioside decreased total concentration of SCFA and changed their profile in the ceca. There was no effect of the treatments on pancreas weight. Dietary stevia reduced blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and triiodothyronine (T₃) but had no effect on non-esterified fatty acids. In contrast, stevioside only decreased T₃. Both the stevia leaves and stevioside diets significantly increased abdominal fat content. It is concluded that dietary enzyme growth promoters are beneficial to the broilers only during the starter stage and that inclusion of stevia leaves or stevioside has no beneficial effect on the performance of broilers.     

不同DCAD值对崂山奶山羊尿液pH值及血气指标的影响

为了探讨不同日粮阴阳离子差值(DCAD)对崂山奶山羊尿液pH值及血气指标的影响,试验选取健康崂山奶山羊4只,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,在保证日粮营养水平一致的条件下,调整各试验组日粮DCAD值分别为0、50、100、200 mEq/kgDM。试验结果表明,尿液pH值与日粮阴阳离子差值呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.899 7;DCAD水平能够显著影响血液血气指标(P0.05)。     

日粮大豆磷脂对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究日粮大豆磷脂水平对泌乳早期奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血液生化指标的影响,本试验选取8头初产泌乳早期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组2头,采用4×4重复拉丁方试验设计进行研究。4种日粮处理中大豆磷脂的添加量分别为日粮干物质基础的0,1%,2%和3%。结果显示:大豆磷脂对奶牛干物质采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),但提高了饲料转化率,尤其是2%添加组饲料转化率显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,2%大豆磷脂组奶牛的产奶量、4%标准乳、日产乳脂量和乳蛋白量显著提高(P<0.05);各组间乳成分和乳体细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05);3%大豆磷脂水平显著降低了酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清甘油三酯含量(P<0.01),但对粗蛋白、粗脂肪及中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果表明:日粮大豆磷脂能够提高奶牛产奶量,提高奶牛的健康状况和免疫机能,经济效益显著。在奶牛日粮中最佳添加量为2%(干物质基础)。     

Yellow mealworm,Tenebrio molitor (Col: Tenebrionidae), larvae powder as dietary protein sources for broiler chickens: Effects on growth performance,carcass traits,selected intestinal microbiota and blood parameters

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TM meal) inclusion on the performance, carcass traits, caecum microbiota and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 180-day-old chickens were allocated to three dietary groups with five replicate pens (12 birds/pen). Experimental diets were included a corn-soybean basal diet, and two diets with 2.5% and 5% TM. TM-included diets have been administered for periods of starter (1–10 days) and grower (11–25 days). A regular finisher diet was given to all groups during the 26–42 days of age. Diets containing TM meal did not influence feed intake and mortality percentage. Feed conversion ratio was lower with the 2.5% TM meal diet compared with the control group at starter period (p < .05). Besides, broiler chickens fed TM meal included diet had a higher body weight gain than the control group during 1–10 days of age (p < .05). The carcass characteristics and length and weight of different parts of small and large intestines were not influenced by diets. TM meal inclusion decreased the albumin-to-globulin ratio compared with the control group (p < .05). Additionally, lower total count of aerobic and Escherichia coli bacteria was observed in response to diet inclusion of 5% TM meal. Overall, the inclusion of TM meal in broilers' diet improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the starting period, decreased albumin-to-globulin ratio and E. coli bacteria content.     

五味子提取物对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验通过测定断奶仔猪血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及血清生化指标,研究五味子提取物对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,五味子提取物能够增强断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力。     

中药饲料添加剂对肉牛生产性能和血液指标的影响

选用20头杂交架子牛, 随机分2组, 研究日粮中添加中药饲料添加剂对肉牛生产性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明, 肉牛日粮中添加中药饲料添加剂, 可显著提高日增重、血液中淋巴细胞数量、血糖和血钙含量, 非蛋白氮含量显著下降; 血液中白细胞、分叶细胞、采食量、饲料转化率、各养分消化率均有上升趋势, 但组间无显著差异。     

The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.     

巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡血液指标和脂肪相关基因的影响

旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草对七彩山鸡血液生理生化指标以及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因和钙激活蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因表达影响.在为期3周预试验后,选取1周龄(无外观上缺失,无精神、食欲不振等情况)健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组和4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复14只,5个组分别是在基础饲料中添加0％...     

Dietary effect of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) meal on some biochemical parameters and on plasma oxidative status in New Zealand white growing rabbit

Effects of dietary supplementation of Laurus nobilis on selected biochemical parameters and plasma oxidative status in growing rabbits, fed with and without enriched‐fat diet, integrated with and without dried bay leaves meal, were investigated. In the test, 120 New Zealand white 35‐day‐old male rabbits were divided into four homogeneous groups of 30 animals each. A negative control group (CON) received a feed that met the animal nutrient requirement; a positive control group (CG) receiving a supplement of 2.5% pig fat in feed; an experimental group (GA) feeding an integration of 2.5% pig fat and 1 g/kg of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) in feed; an experimental group (CA) with dried bay leaves at the rate of 1 g/kg in feed. The dietary integration with dried bay leaves meal have resulted in a significant decrease in the blood lipid profile, glycemic profile and liver enzymes, with reduced levels of ALT and AST, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol. Plasma oxidative status markers have statistically improved with an increase in blood total phenols, SOD, ORAC, the FRAP and lipo‐vitamin concentration, together with a significant reduction in ROMs and the MDA values. The results of present research underline that the dietary treatment with bay leaves meal, in the extend of 1 g/kg feed, confirms the lowering cholesterol activity and the epato‐protective and ipo‐glycemic effect in enrich‐fat diet, controlling the oxidative status of plasma markers.     

Effect of passive pneumoperitoneum on oesophageal pressure, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas analysis in horses

Reasons for performing study: Standing surgical procedures are being employed to an ever‐greater extent in horses. Pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery might adversely affect the work of breathing. Objectives: To determine whether development of pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery adversely influences the work of breathing. Methods: Eight healthy mature horses were equipped with carotid artery and thoracic vena cava catheters and an intraluminal manometry system. The following measurements were obtained before and at +5, +10, +15 and +30 min following establishment of pneumoperitoneum by paralumbar puncture using an 8 gauge needle: vital signs, oesophageal pressure, gastric pressure, arterial and central venous blood pressures, and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analyses. Results: Significant changes in oesophageal pressure, central venous pressure and results of arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis were not detected. Arterial diastolic and mean pressures and rectal temperature increased slightly (P≤0.05). Conclusions: Passive pneumoperitoneum did not adversely affect breathing mechanics or haemodynamic variables under experimental conditions. Changes in arterial pressure could have occurred as a response to the passive pneumoperitoneum or be related to handling stress. Subtle variations in rectal temperature were not clinically relevant and likely resulted from stress associated with restraint. Potential relevance: It is unlikely that mature horses will develop signs of respiratory difficulty as a result of the development of passive pneumoperitoneum during standing laparoscopy.     

Performance and physiological variables in broiler chicken lines differing in susceptibility to the ascites syndrome: 1. Changes in blood gases as a function of ambient temperature.

1. Male broilers of 5 genetic stocks (A, B, C, D, E) selected in different ways for fast growth and low food conversion ratio (FCR) and differing in ascites sensitivity were subjected to 2 different ambient temperature step down regimens: high temperature (HT: 33 to 20 degrees C over 33 d) and low temperature (LT: 30 to 15 degrees C over 17 d). 2. Ascites incidence was recorded daily. Food intake and body weight gain were measured weekly and FCR was calculated. Heat production (Hp) was calculated using the comparative slaughter method. At 28 d venous samples were taken for blood gas analysis and haematocrit and relative heart, lung and liver weights were recorded. 3. Populations A and C showed the highest growth rates combined with a low FCR and a higher ascites incidence. A low FCR in these stocks was attributable to low values for Hp. These stocks also had low PO2 and high pCO2 in venous blood at low ambient temperature compared with other stocks. Stock B, which exhibited the slowest growth rate and the highest FCR, was not susceptible to ascites and showed higher Hp and PO2 and pCO2 at low ambient temperature. Populations D and E were intermediate for almost all variables. Heart and lung weights were both increased at LT, while liver weight did not differ between temperature regimes. 4. Our results show that a high haematocrit is not necessarily linked with an increased susceptibility to ascites.     

Effects of dietary substitution of zinc‐methionine for inorganic zinc sources on growth performance,tissue zinc accumulation and some blood parameters in broiler chicks

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zinc‐methionine (ZnMet) as a replacement for conventional inorganic zinc sources on performance, tissue zinc accumulation and some plasma indices in broiler chicks. A total of 450‐day‐old Ross male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five pen replicates of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added Zn as feed‐grade Zn sulphate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that supplied from ZnMet complex by 25, 50, 75 or 100%. At 42 days of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were bled to measure plasma metabolites; then, the chicks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Results showed that dietary treatments affected (p < 0.05) feed intake during the starter period, and chicks on Zn oxide diets consumed more feed than sulphate counterparts. Furthermore, dietary substitution of inorganic Zn sources by ZnMet caused improvements (p < 0.01) in body weight gain during all experimental periods. Dietary supplementation of ZnMet improved feed conversion efficiency during 1–21 and 1–42, but not in 21–42 days of age. Complete replacement of inorganic Zn by that supplied from ZnMet caused an increase (p < 0.05) in relative liver weight. Similarly, dietary inclusion of ZnMet increased breast meat and carcass yields and reduced abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Incremental levels of ZnMet increased (p < 0.05) zinc concentrations in liver and thymus, and the highest zinc accumulations were seen in 100% ZnMet‐supplemented birds. Interestingly, introduction of ZnMet into the diets partially in place of inorganic sources resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations. The present findings indicated that dietary ZnMet inclusion in replacement of inorganic sources in addition to improving growth performance, reduced plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations, consequently decreased abdominal fat pad and increased carcass meat yield.     

Hematology and some blood chemical parameters as a function of tick-borne disease (TBD) signs in horses

Two statements provide the context within which this investigation was carried out: (i) Apulia is an enzootic region for tick-borne diseases (TBD); (ii) the principles of enzootic stability and the study of resilient/resistant breeds are among the tools for future pest control strategies. Thus, a trial protocol was established to check the amount of variation in hematologic and biochemical parameters serving as a function of TBD signs in resilient horses. Blood samples were collected from 109 horses belonging to the Apulian native Murgese breed. Hematologic and biochemical parameters were screened and microscopic search for the parasites in the red cells was performed. Differences in clinical manifestations and hematological and biochemical responses were recorded. The following disease classification was used: infection-free horses (class 0), infected horses (presence of Theileria equi and/or Babesia spp in the red cells) without clinical signs (class 1), and horses suffering from clinical disease (class 2). Seventy-one horses (65.1%) showed no TBD signs; hemoparasites were found in 38 horses (34.9%), of which only five (4.6%) showed clinical signs. A significant decreasing trend was shown from class 0 to class 2, where animals with clinical signs presented highly reduced values of some relevant blood parameters. The similarity of the blood values of class 0 and 1 animals is the most striking result of this work and calls for more extensive, detailed research into the mechanisms through which infected horses with no clinical signs of disease can cope with the condition.     

Effects of lactulose supplementation on performance,blood profiles,excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli,relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers

This study was to evaluate the effects of lactulose supplementation on performance, blood profiles, excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers. A total of 720 ROSS 308 broilers with a body weight of 46 ± 0.1 g (1 day of age) were used in a 28‐d experiment. Broilers were randomly allotted to 4 experiment diets with 12 replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: NC, negative control (without antibiotic); PC, NC + 0.1% tiamulin; L1, NC + 0.1% lactulose; and L2, NC + 0.2% lactulose. Broilers were fed with phase 1 (1–8 day), phase 2 (9–18 day) and phase 3 (19–28 day) diets in the form of mash. During day 1–8, broilers fed the PC and L2 diets had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain than those fed the NC diet. During day 19–28, broilers fed the L1 and L2 diets had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake than those fed the NC diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 treatment compared with NC treatment. Overall, the FCR was improved (p < 0.05) in all supplementation treatments compared with NC treatment. The apparently metabolizable nitrogen in L1 treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that in NC treatment at day 28. The excreta Lactobacillus was increased and E. coli was decreased in PC and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment at day 28 (p < 0.05). The excreta NH₃, H₂S and acetic acid contents were decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment. The relative weight of abdominal fat of broilers fed the PC diet was lowest (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 0.1% or 0.2% lactulose could improve growth performance, decrease excreta E. coli and excreta NH₃ and H₂S contents.     

The effect of fermented persimmon shell diet supplementation on the growth performance and blood parameters in finishing pigs

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of fermented persimmon shell diet (FPSD) supplementation on growth performance and blood parameters in 96 Berkshire pigs. The FPSD was made from persimmon shell and mixed with rice bran and barley bran. Samples of FPSD on day 0 (D0) and day 60 (D60) were analyzed for chemical composition, pH and organic acids. The experimental diets were 0, 3, 5 and 7% FPSD added to C, T1, T2 and T3 of finishing diets on fresh matter basis. Dry matter (DM) was lower (P < 0.01) and crude protein was higher (P < 0.01) on D60 than on D0. pH value decreased (P < 0.01) on D60 than on D0 but organic acids were increased (P < 0.01). Average daily gain was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in other groups. Average daily feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in other groups. Total cholesterol was higher (P < 0.05) in T3 than in other groups. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (P < 0.05) in groups by the addition of FPSD. Blood urea nitrogen was lower (P < 0.05) in C than in other groups. The results indicate that FPSD improved the growth performance and blood parameters in Berkshire pigs.     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准的研究

试验选择临床表现血瘀症状的产后病牛进行生化和血液流变学指标检测.结果:与健康奶牛产后8～10 h相应值比较,病牛血清WOD活性、血糖、血浆总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著降低(P《0.05),淀粉酶活性、白蛋白和血红蛋白含量差异不显著(P》0.05);全血比粘度、还原全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数及血浆纤维蛋白原含量显著升高(P《0.005 或0.01),全血凝固时间显著缩短(P《0.05),而红细胞压积无明显变化 (P》0.05),临床症状与生化、血液流变学主要指标变化基本相符,据此初步提出了奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准.