气温升高与干旱胁迫对灵武长枣叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以4年生灵武长枣为试材,采用红外线辐射器控制模拟增温环境、土壤自动灌溉系统控制土壤水分水平,设置2个大气温度水平、3个土壤水分水平的6个组合,处理灵武长枣植株,测定其叶绿素荧光动力学参数,研究灵武长枣在日间气温升高与土壤干旱胁迫长期交互处理下叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明:处理40d时,灵武长枣在大气温度增高2℃左右的环境下,随着土壤干旱水平的加剧,初始荧光(Fo)、原初光能转化率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)均有下降趋势;处理80d时,增温环境下,随着土壤干旱水平的加剧,Fo有升高趋势,而Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo明显下降,相对电子传递速率(ETR)呈先升高后降低的趋势,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)随处理时间的延长始终高于常温环境。因此,气温升高2℃左右可缓解灵武长枣因土壤干旱引起的光抑制和电子传递速率的下降,并能提高土壤干旱胁迫下灵武长枣的光保护能力。     

灵武长枣物候期与气温和地温的关系研究

以通过长期测定的露地和温棚灵武长枣不同物候期的环境温度状况为试验对象,分析了灵武长枣物候期与气温、地温的关系,以期为灵武长枣的设施栽培提供参考。结果表明:露地栽培灵武长枣萌芽迟,落叶早,适宜的温度范围为18～20.6℃,生长期相对其它果树需要较高的气温和地温;在温棚中栽培灵武长枣,可为枣树创造适宜的温度环境,因此,温棚栽培灵武长枣树可使其从开花到成熟缩至90d左右。     

生物反应堆对长枣温棚气温、地温的影响

秸秆生物反应堆技术是一项新型农业栽培技术。在灵武长枣设施温棚内进行了该技术应用试验,结果表明,该技术可提高棚内气温、地温,从而改善枣树生长环境,提高枣树产量,增加产值。     

灵武长枣冻害调查分析及安全越冬栽培技术

2008年低温冷冻天气,使幼龄灵武长枣遭受严重冻害,受冻面积约3333．3hm^2,给灵武市灵武长枣产业造成巨大损失。为分析研究灵武枣树的受冻害规律及原因,确保灵武长枣产业发展壮大,2008年3月～6月,对灵武市灵武长枣基地枣树的冻害情况进行调查分析,总结出一套灵武长枣安全越冬栽培技术,供生产参考。     

灵武长枣幼龄枣树修剪中存在的问题及应对措施

2003年以来,宁夏红枣栽植面积迅速增加,目前,全区红枣面积达到2万hm2,其中,灵武长枣面积为1万hm2,占总面积的50%。随着灵武长枣基地的迅速扩大,枣树栽培管理中呈现诸多问题。整形修剪是枣树早产、丰产的主要措施,但在生产中普遍存在不修剪或修剪技术不到位、运用不当等问题,致使许多枣树单轴延伸,直立生长,树体结构不良,出现成形慢、结果面积小、适龄不挂果等现象,枣园效益发挥缓慢。为此,笔者对灵武市灵武长枣生产基地整形修剪情况进行了全面摸底调查,现将结果介绍如下。1存在的问题1.1树形单一灵武长枣树势强健,树姿直立,顶端优势明显,适…     

提高枣树坐果率的措施

<正>枣树是多花树种,但受到树体营养水平和不良环境条件的影响,落花落果现象较为严重,采收果率仅为0.69%~2.6%。1枣树落花落果的原因枣树蕾期,正值枣吊迅速生长阶段和枣头发生及旺长阶段;进入初花期时,枣头仍处于旺盛生长阶段,枣吊迅速生长势头开始减缓。在同一时期内,枣树的几个器官均生长活动旺盛,营养竞争较为激烈。据计     

提高枣树着果率的技术要点

枣树为多花树种 ,但受树体营养和环境条件的影响 ,落花落果严重 ,采收成果率仅为 0 .6 9%～ 2 .6 %。1　着果率低的原因　　从物候期看 ,枣树蕾期正值枣吊生长阶段、枣头发生及旺长阶段 ,因此营养竞争激烈 ,营养不足使部分花蕾分化不良乃至败育。　　从外界环境看 ,枣树花期一般较干旱 ,空气湿度较低 ,花粉发芽率下降 ,导致受精不良 ,着果率低。2　提高着果率的措施　　在加强肥水管理 ,提高树体营养的基础上 ,可采取以下技术措施提高枣树着果率。2 .1　开甲 (即环状剥皮 ) 　开甲实质上是截留营养 ,开甲后使叶片光合作用制造的有机养分积累…     

气候变化对木本植物光合产物分配与果实品质的影响

大气CO_2浓度升高引起的温室效应导致全球地表平均气温升高,引起全球降水格局发生变化,对农林业生产与生态系统产生重要影响。木本植物对气候变化的生理生态响应机制受到极大关注。该文综述了CO_2浓度升高、气温升高及干旱胁迫对木本植物光合产物分配与果实品质影响的研究进展。模拟试验表明,随着大气CO_2浓度升高,植物的光合能力会增大,但长期生长在高CO_2浓度下的植物会出现光合能力下降的光适应现象;气温升高会降低植株光合酶活性和叶绿素含量等,从而导致光合速率下降;干旱胁迫通过减小气孔导度和光合活性来降低光合作用。CO_2浓度升高或干旱胁迫下,光合产物向根系分配的比例增加,温度升高则会降低植物的根冠比。在果实品质方面,CO_2浓度升高增加了果实中的可溶性固形物含量;气温升高会影响果实生长,部分糖含量及有机酸含量增加;干旱胁迫对果实生长有一定抑制作用,但增加了可溶性糖、维生素C含量等;同时认为气温升高减缓干旱胁迫对果实品质的抑制作用,提高果实品质。因此,气候变化引起的环境胁迫有助于果实糖分的累积。     

行间生草对‘灵武长枣’生长与果实品质的影响

2017年,对‘灵武长枣’迚行行间生草试验,共设5个生草处理,分别为自然生草及行间种植紫花苜蓿、百脉根、黑麦草、白三叶草,以清耕为对照,探讨行间生草对‘灵武长枣’生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明:行间生草对‘灵武长枣’树高、地径、枣吊长度、叶片叶绿素含量有抑制作用,能控制树体营养生长,同时能提高果实维生素C含量,降低果实黄酮含量,改善果实品质;在坐果率方面,除行间种植黑麦草处理明显高于对照(清耕)外,其他4个生草处理均低于对照。综合来看,‘灵武长枣’行间种植黑麦草处理的树高适中、枣吊粗壮、叶面积较大、坐果率高、果实品质佳,推荐其作为生产种植的首选草种。     

盐胁迫对南疆滴灌枣园红枣生长的影响

以5~10年生滴灌枣园为研究样地,"网格法"采集土壤样品,采用田间调查与室内测定分析相结合的方法,分析了土壤盐分含量动态分布规律及对红枣树生长的影响,以期为南疆盐碱土的枣树栽培和红枣产业可持续发展提供参考依据。结果表明:土壤盐分在0~40cm土层聚集明显,最高值达到76.27g·kg~(-1),严重危害枣树生长,土壤中的盐分含量与枣树的死亡率呈显著正相关,在0~20cm和20~40cm土层土壤含盐量与枣树的死亡率相关系数分别为R2=0.977 9和R2=0.944 1,干旱区滴灌土壤表层聚盐对枣树生长有明显胁迫危害,控制枣园土壤地下水位不超过临界深度,是干旱区枣业可持续发展的有效措施。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。