肥力水平对脱毒怀地黄农艺性状和产量及品质的影响

以怀地黄脱毒苗为试材,研究了追施不同浓度的鲁西复合肥对脱毒怀地黄的农艺性状和产量及品质的影响。结果表明:在怀地黄各个生长时期,随着肥力水平的增加,其株高、冠幅、叶片数和叶面积呈现先增高后降低的变化规律,鲁西复合肥肥力水平在75kg/667m2时株高和叶片数呈最大值,肥力水平在112.5kg/667m2时冠幅和功能叶面积达到最大值;产量和品质随着施肥量的增加呈现先增高后降低的趋势,追加鲁西复合肥75kg/667m2为较适宜的肥力水平,此时怀地黄的产量达到5 683kg/667m2,梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷含量分别达到21.27和0.35mg/g。     

种植密度对脱毒怀地黄生长发育、产量和品质的影响

以怀地黄为试材,研究了怀地黄脱毒试管苗在不同种植密度下(667m~2种植8 000、12 000、16 000、20 000、24 000株)的生长发育、产量和品质的差异,以寻找适合脱毒怀地黄高产优质的种植密度。结果表明:在相同种植密度下,怀地黄脱毒苗在各个生长阶段的株高、叶片数、冠幅和叶片面积变化较大,其中株高、冠幅、叶面积均在9月达到最大值,叶片数在10月达到最大值,667m~2种植密度为20 000株时株高最高,667m~2种植密度为8 000株时冠幅、叶片数和叶片面积最大;667m~2种植密度为20 000株时产量最高,鲜质量为6 105.80kg,干质量为1 393.30kg;梓醇667m~2种植密度为20 000株时达到最大值2.860%,毛蕊花糖苷则在667m~2种植密度为16 000株时达到最大值,为0.085%。综合可知,667m~2种植密度20 000株为脱毒怀地黄种植的最适密度。     

水果型节瓜不同施肥方法对比试验

为筛选出水果型节瓜最佳施肥方法,以甜仙子1号、甜仙子2号、甜仙子3号3个品种为试验对象,采用不同施肥方法对其植物学性状、果实性状、产量进行对比研究。结果表明:3个品种均为施用处理1增产增收效果最佳,即每667 m2施EM发酵农家肥1 500 kg(全作基肥)+狮马牌复合肥60 kg(1/3作基肥、2/3作追肥),尤以甜仙子2号施用处理1增产效果最明显。     

多效唑对脱毒怀地黄生长发育、产量及品质的影响

以继代培养的怀地黄脱毒试管苗"85-5"为试材,研究了多效唑不同喷施浓度和处理次数对脱毒怀地黄生长发育、产量和品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着多效唑喷施浓度和处理次数的增加,怀地黄脱毒苗的株高、叶面积和冠幅都呈现逐渐下降的趋势;随着多效唑喷施浓度和次数的增加,怀地黄产量和品质呈现先上升后下降的趋势;多效唑200mg/L处理2次是最佳喷施浓度和喷施次数,此时脱毒怀地黄产量最高,为5 682.67kg/667m2;梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷含量较大,分别为8.33mg/g和0.55mg/g。     

生物有机肥对黄州萝卜主要经济性状和效益的影响

为了验证生物有机肥对蔬菜作物生长的促进作用与增产效应,以黄州萝卜为试验材料,探究不同生物有机肥对黄州萝卜产量及品质等方面的影响,设置3个施肥处理:每667 m~2分别施用200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;200 kg灭活生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;常规施肥(每667 m~2施200 kg饼肥+20 kg三元复合肥)以及空白对照。结果表明:每667 m~2施200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥处理的萝卜667 m~2产量最高,为2 921.5 kg;在品质方面,萝卜含粗纤维7 g/kg,可溶性糖42 g/kg,水分92.6%;综合667 m~2效益最优,达到4 567.3元,产投比最高,为3.5。     

氮磷钾不同配比对早春大棚番茄产量的影响

采用"3414"二次回归设计,以氮、磷、钾为供试因子,番茄产量为目标函数,对大棚番茄洛番10号进行施肥数学模型的研究。根据建立的数学模型获得了优化施肥技术方案:667m~2施用N 19.45 kg、P_2O_5 11.11 kg、K_2O 30.56 kg时,得最佳经济产量7454.54 kg。     

腐殖酸水溶性冲施肥肥效对比试验

以番茄品种"87-5"为供试作物,以基肥+追施腐殖酸水溶性冲施肥和农民常规施肥作对比,研究施用不同水溶性肥对番茄产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用腐殖酸冲施肥处理的番茄667m~2产量较对照增加1 095.66kg,产值增幅15.5%,每667m~2增收306.78元,增产增收效果十分显著。     

冬季马铃薯控释肥用量试验

在川西南冬季马铃薯种植区,开展马铃薯专用控释配方肥不同用量对青薯9号增产效应的对比试验。试验结果表明,以每667 m~2施用60 kg马铃薯专用控释配方肥作底肥为最佳施肥方案,该处理的平均单株质量、商品薯率最高,平均鲜薯产量为2 114.0 kg/667 m~2,比对照(不施肥)增产1 063.5 kg/667 m~2,增幅为101.2%。     

六个猕猴桃品种在六盘水市的品比试验

以国内外较优6个猕猴桃品种为试材,利用引种技术进行品种的引进及筛选,综合评价各品种的物候期、适应性、果实品质等指标,以优化和调整六盘水猕猴桃品种结构,探明并确定贵州猕猴桃主产区六盘水市适应性较好的品种。结果表明:根据各品种的表现和"合理-满意度"分析,在六盘水表现较好的品种有"红阳",成熟期为8月中下旬,总糖含量为11.90%,口味香甜,果肉为红色,667m~2产量742.8kg,"金艳"成熟期为9月,667m~2产量1 018.6kg、单果质量118.43g、香味浓郁、果肉金黄色,"贵长"成熟期较晚,667m~2产量为1 401.7kg,香味较浓、果肉翠绿色;表现不好的品种有"西选2号""楚红",这2个品种产量均较低,果实口感一般;表现相对较好的品种有‘Hort 16A’口感较好,但抗病性较弱,"和平2号"单果质量156.80g,但667m~2产量仅有953.1kg,"海沃德"667m~2产量仅有703.6kg,表现不稳定。"红阳""金艳""贵长"在六盘水地区表现良好,适宜推广种植。     

不同肥料配比对生菜生长指标和产量的影响

以2种不同类型的生菜品种为试材,研究了尿素和三元复合肥配施对生菜生长指标及经济效益的影响。试验结果表明,对于2种生菜品种,施加不同配比肥料均能不同程度地提高其单株净质量、株高、开展度、叶片大小以及叶片数等生长指标,其中混施尿素和三元复合肥的施肥方式增产效果和经济效益最显著,而施加尿素2.5 kg/667 m~2+三元复合肥2.5 kg/667 m~2与施加尿素5 kg/667 m~2+三元复合肥5 kg/667 m~2的效果差异不大。因此,生菜种植过程中可选择尿素2.5 kg/667 m~2+三元复合肥2.5 kg/667 m~2追施2次作为最佳施肥方式。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。