基质栽培中不同配比的有机固态肥对番茄生长及产量品质的影响

研究了有机基质栽培中有机固态肥、羊粪、猪粪、牛粪不同配比对番茄生长及产量品质的影响。结果表明:中水平施肥组合对番茄生长有促进作用;对番茄产量品质的影响主要表现为产量、品质与均衡施肥呈正相关,得出最优化施肥配比:羊粪996 kg/667 m2,牛粪1 125kg/667 m2,猪粪1 125 kg/667 m2。     

设施黄沙栽培条件下肥料施用量对番茄生长的影响

为探究在设施黄沙栽培条件下不同生物有机肥、化肥施用量及其配施对番茄生长发育及产量、品质的影响,以黄沙为栽培基质,番茄为试验材料,设置5个不同的施肥处理。测定了不同处理下番茄的生理生化指标。结果显示,黄沙栽培条件下只施生物有机肥时番茄株高、茎粗、根长、植株鲜质量、产量显著低于其他处理;可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量高于其他处理。只施化肥时,可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量低于其他处理。在化肥和有机肥配施时植株生长情况、产量均高于只施生物有机肥、化肥的处理;可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量高于只施化肥的处理,低于只施有机肥的处理;在黄沙栽培条件下有机肥和化肥搭配施用时产量、营养品质处于各处理中的较高水平,在黄沙栽培条件下能够实现番茄优质高产。     

不同有机肥种类对无土栽培番茄生长及品质的影响

采用盆栽基质培,研究了不同有机肥对不同时期的番茄生长、生物量和果实品质的影响.结果表明:有机肥料牛粪、鸡粪、羊粪处理促进番茄植株株高和茎粗的增长,以牛粪的效果最佳.鸡粪处理的单株产量最高,极显著高于其他处理,鸡粪、牛粪、羊粪处理的产量极显著高于营养液处理.豆饼肥对番茄植株的生长、产量及生物量的促进作用不明显.有机肥料处理的番茄果实品质明显优于营养液,牛粪处理的果实品质最佳.     

蚯蚓粪、牛粪、商品有机肥在番茄上的 应用效果试验

摘要：为研究蚯蚓粪在番茄生产上的最佳用量,以番茄“希唯美191”为试材,采取完全随机设计, 比较不同用量蚯蚓粪与不同用量牛粪及商品有机肥对番茄长势、产量、品质等的影响。结果表明：施用蚯 蚓粪提高了土壤碱性,但降低了土壤盐害;施用牛粪增加了土壤盐含量,且土壤有机质含量随牛粪施用量 的增加而增加;定植前,施用牛粪有利于作物养分的供应,蚯蚓粪比普通有机肥在土壤中会更快、更多地 释放有效养分。定植前增施有机肥有利于番茄快速生长,T3（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）、T4（667 m2 增施蚯 蚓粪3 t）、T6（667 m2 增施牛粪2 t）、T7（667 m2 增施牛粪3 t）处理的番茄长势、产量、品质均优于其他 处理,尤其是T3处理（667 m2 增施蚯蚓粪2 t）的番茄产量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸 比均最高,较对照分别提高了39.82%、1.2个百分点、0.2个百分点和26.43%,总酸含量最低,较对照降低 19.37%,果实品质最好。     

不同基质对黄瓜长势、产量及果实品质的影响

为筛选出适宜春大棚黄瓜槽式栽培的基质,以黄瓜“北农佳秀”为试材,选用蘑菇棒、牛羊粪、草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石等5种基质材料,研究了不同基质配比对黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明：基质为蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比为2∶1∶3∶1∶1时,黄瓜植株长势较强,667 m2产量、单方水产出和667 m2收益均最高,分别为12 947、61.9 kg和9 565元,且果实品质较好。在春大棚中,蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比2∶1∶3∶1∶1是黄瓜槽式基质节水栽培适宜的基质配比。     

无土栽培有机肥含量对小西瓜产量和品质的影响

以小型西瓜京秀为试材,采用随机区组设计,研究了基质无土栽培情况下增施有机肥(发酵鸡粪)对西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,基质中增施有机肥对西瓜单果重、产量、果形指数和果皮硬度有一定影响,对提高西瓜的可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质和氨基酸含量具有显著效果。对提高单果重和667m2产量,以每m3基质增施有机肥8kg为好,继续增加效果不明显;果形指数随着基质中有机肥含量的增高而降低;果皮硬度随基质中有机肥含量的增加而增加,以每m3基质增施15kg为好;在每m3基质中增施15kg发酵鸡粪,对提高西瓜可溶性固形物和维生素C的含量效果显著,继续增加则效果不明显,但对于提高边部可溶性固形物含量有效;基质中有机肥含量越高,对于提高可溶性蛋白质和氨基酸含量效果越好。     

化肥减量配施有机肥和微生物肥对番茄光合特性和肥料利用率的影响

为加快有机肥替代化肥和推广应用微生物肥料,实现化肥减量的目标,以番茄品种多吉瑞星为试验材料,设置6个施肥处理,研究化肥减量对设施番茄光合特性及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,株高随着化肥减量的增加而降低。在化肥减量一致下通过配施有机肥和生物肥可促进番茄株高、根长和果穗数的增加。RFM1处理(化肥减施20%配施有机肥20%+微生物肥)增加了SPAD、氮素含量、气孔导度(G_s)和净光合速率(P_n)。有效磷和速效钾含量随着有机肥增加而增加,配施微生物肥后随着有机肥增加呈下降的趋势。氮肥利用率、磷肥利用率和钾肥利用率以RFM2处理(化肥减施40%配施有机肥40%+微生物肥)为最高,但与RFM1处理差异不显著。RFM1处理的番茄可溶性固形物、维生素C和番茄红素含量均最高,且有效降低了有机酸含量。番茄产量以RFM1处理为最高,RF1、RFM1和RFM2处理分别较CF处理增产4.41%、8.14%和0.82%,RF2处理较CF减产6.54%。综合考虑,在设施番茄栽培中,化肥减施20%配施有机肥20%和微生物肥,可达到化肥减施的效果。     

复配基质对戈壁日光温室番茄果实品质及产量的影响

以“金抗1号”番茄为试材,采用槽式栽培,利用腐熟的玉米芯、作物秸秆、牛粪、河沙、蛭石组成7种栽培基质配方,以酒泉生产应用的商品基质为对照,研究了不同基质配方对温室番茄生长、产量、品质的影响,并对基质栽培前后的理化性质进行了分析,旨在为番茄有机基质栽培提供技术支撑.结果 表明:1)在番茄整个生育期间,各处理的pH和EC值均有所变化,但其变动值始终没有超出番茄生长所需的范围;不同配比基质在栽培前各理化性状均在番茄正常生长的理想范围之内.2)通过对番茄株高、茎粗的比较得出,定植后的整个生育期内,配方T6、T2的栽培效果较好,株高、茎粗均显著高于其它处理,植株健壮.3)不同配比基质对番茄产量及品质有较大的影响,T6、T2的667 m2番茄产量均达到7 600 kg以上,与CK相比,超出CK产量的21.58％～24.54％,单果质量较CK高23.07％～23.87％;与CK相比,T6、T2的综合效果最好,显著提高果实维生素C、可溶性糖含量,有机酸含量较高,糖酸比适宜.综上,T6、T2配方栽培下的番茄植株长势良好,果实品质佳,且基质原料丰富易得,成本适宜,可以在酒泉地区非耕地番茄基质栽培中推广应用.     

增施CO_2和补光对番茄生长和果实品质的影响

以大果番茄"CM966"为试验材料,设人工增施CO_2至(1 000±100)μL·L~(-1)、LED补光8 h、以及增施CO_2和补光(增施CO_2(1 000±100)μL·L~(-1)和补光8 h)互作3个处理,以自然条件下为对照,研究设施内增施CO_2和补光对番茄生长、光合特性、产量和果实品质的影响,以期为北方冬春季设施栽培高产、高品质番茄提供技术参考。结果表明:补光(L)、增施CO_2(C)和补光增施CO_2处理(CL)下株高、茎粗和叶片数均大于对照。CL处理下净光合速率(Pn)、番茄单果质量、果实横纵茎最大,产量显著高于其它处理。各处理对番茄可溶性固形物含量影响不显著,但补光处理显著降低番茄果实的含酸量,增加糖酸比。综上所述,补光和增施CO_2同时处理可显著促进番茄生长和净光合速率的提高,提高产量和改善品质。     

黄瓜活性有机肥田间试验研究

在无土基质中施复合肥(80 kg/667 m2)和有效磷≥16%的过磷酸钙(50 kg/667 m2)的基础上分别增施活性有机肥300 kg/667 m2、600 kg/667 m2和800 kg/667 m2。结果表明:每667 m2增施600 kg活性有机肥效果最佳,产量和经济效益最高,产投比最大。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。