授粉处理对“度尾文旦”柚果皮内源激素的影响

研究授粉处理对"度尾文旦"[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.Cv.Duweiwendan]柚果实发育期间内源赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(LAA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的影响.结果表明:"度柚6号"和"琯溪蜜柚"授粉对"度尾文旦"柚果皮内源激素含量的影响大致类似;授粉处理增加了授粉后30～60d及授粉后90～120d的ABA含量;授粉处理增加了"度尾文旦"柚果实细胞分裂初期和授粉后60～130d的GA3含量:授粉处理降低了授粉后40～90d的ZR含量,增加了授粉后90～140d的ZR含量;授粉处理降低了"度尾文旦"柚整个果实发育过程中果皮的LAA含量;授粉处理增加了"度尾文旦"柚果实发育期间尤其是授粉后90～140d的ABA/(ZR LAA GA3)的比值.     

采前BTH处理对芒果果实抗病性的诱导

以‘台农1号’芒果为试材,研究采前分别用1、50和100 mg/L苯并噻重氮（BTH）喷施处理对芒果果实抗病性诱导效果的影响。结果表明,与对照果实相比,100 mg/L BTH处理果实采收时的病果率、采后未接种果实的病情指数和接种果实的病斑直径显著降低,降低幅度分别为52.60％、54.30％和7.06％;并且在贮藏过程中,BTH处理果实中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）的活性明显高于对照;另外,在贮藏前期（0~6 d）,BTH处理能够抑制芒果过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,提高芒果过氧化氢（H2O2）的含量。     

氯化钙处理对菠萝黑腐病的防控效果及机制分析

为了降低采后菠萝果实由黑腐病引起的腐烂损失,本文研究了氯化钙处理对黑腐病的防控效果及相关机制。结果表明,1%氯化钙处理对菠萝黑腐病有最好的抑制作用和防治效果。1%氯化钙处理对病菌菌丝生长影响不大,但可明显抑制病原菌的产孢;氯化钙处理明显降低发病果实中多聚半乳糖醛酸甲酯酶（PMG）、纤维素酶（CX）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（CB）的活性,但对多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性变化没有明显影响;氯化钙处理明显提高贮藏中后期菠萝果实中过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的含量,明显提高抗病相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、几丁质酶（CHI）和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）的活性。说明氯化钙处理对黑腐病有较好的防控效果,一方面是由于其降低了病原菌的致病性,另一方面是诱导菠萝果实提高了抗病性。因此,适宜浓度的氯化钙处理为菠萝采后黑腐病的绿色防控提供了一条新的途径。     

热处理复合香茅精油处理对番木瓜保鲜效果及软化相关酶活性的影响

本文以‘美中红’番木瓜为试材,研究了热处理复合香茅精油处理对番木瓜果实采后保鲜效果及软化相关酶的影响,测定了贮藏过程中果实失重率、硬度、颜色、可溶性固形物（TSS）、可滴定酸（TA）、维生素C（Vc）和呼吸速率,还测定了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶甲酯酶（PE）、纤维素酶（CL）和β-半乳糖苷酶（β-GAL）等软化相关酶的活性。结果表明：热处理复合香茅精油处理可显著降低番木瓜果实病情指数和失重率,延缓果实硬度下降和颜色的转黄,提高果实中的TSS和Vc含量和果实固酸比,降低果实呼吸速率,延迟呼吸高峰的出现;复合处理可降低果实PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性,延迟PE酶峰值的出现,对CL酶活性影响不显著。可见,复合处理对番木瓜果实有较好的保鲜效果,复合处理延缓果实硬度下降与降低呼吸速率以及降低PG酶、PE酶和β-GAL酶活性密切相关。     

南平市柚引种观察初报

对引进的6个柚品种（琯溪蜜柚、龙柚二号、楚门文旦、4号文旦、文旦、红囊柚）和2个本地柚品种（青山柚、求兴柚）进行高接观察并测定果实的品质指标,结果表明,龙柚二号、楚门文旦、4号文旦、文旦、青山柚和琯溪蜜柚酸甜适口、品质较优,可在南平市适当种植;求兴柚和红囊柚果皮厚,种子多,品质差,不宜推广。     

枇杷果实发育过程中果肉质地与胞壁酶活性的变化

以果肉质地差异较大的白肉枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.）“白梨”和黄肉枇杷“解放钟”为试材, 探讨果实发育过程中胞壁酶活性变化与果肉质地形成的关系。 结果表明, 2个品种枇杷果实发育过程中多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG, EC 3.1.1.15）、 果胶酯酶（PE, EC 3.1.1.11）与纤维素酶（Cx, EC 3.2.1.4）活性总体呈上升趋势, 这3种酶活性在果实发育后期（即花后100~115 d）极显著高于前期并出现峰值。“白梨”枇杷PE,PG和Cx酶活性高于“解放钟”, 果实发育前期, 2个品种枇杷PE, PG和Cx酶活性差异较小; 果实发育后期,“白梨”PE, PG和Cx酶活性显著或极显著高于“解放钟”。Cx, PG和PE与枇杷果肉质地形成密切相关, 而β-半乳糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.23）、 α-葡萄糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.20）、 α-半乳糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.22）、 α-甘露糖苷酶（EC 3.2.1.24）等4种糖苷酶对“白梨”枇杷果实发育后期果肉软化起到一定的作用。     

1-甲基环丙烯控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂与抗病相关酶诱导的关系

探讨1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）对采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的控制与抗病相关酶诱导的关系。采后‘油木奈’果实用0（对照）和1.2 μL/L的1-MCP处理12 h后,在（25±1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定腐烂率、抗病相关酶如几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）等活性的变化。研究结果表明：与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理能有效降低‘油木奈’果实腐烂率,提高几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、PPO和POD的活性。因此认为,1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实的腐烂与抗病相关酶活性的升高有关,抗病性诱导是1-MCP控制采后‘油木奈’果实腐烂的重要原因之一。     

花生种子受黄曲霉菌侵染后若干生化成份的变化及其与抗性的关系

花生种子人工接种黄曲霉菌（Aspergillus flavus Link)侵染的生化测试结果表明，接种前后花生种子的过氧化物酶（POX），多酚氧化酶（PPO）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性以及木质素含量等均发生显著变化。接种前POX活性与侵染率呈极显著负相关，接种后POX活性随感染天数增加而增加，感病品种比抗病品种POX活性增幅大。接种后1－3d抗病品种PPO和PAL活性达峰值，而感病品种3－6d达峰值，接种后第7d木质素含量与感染率呈显著负相关（r=-0.7406），木质素含量的变化与POX活性变化呈显著正相关。     

锌对砂糖橘果实发育过程细胞壁代谢的影响

为研究不同锌处理对砂糖橘果实发育成熟过程中果皮硬度、细胞壁结构物质及其相关酶活性的影响,以四年生砂糖橘（Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju）为试材,在果实膨大期喷施不同锌肥,同时对与果皮力学性能相关的细胞壁代谢变化规律进行分析。结果表明,不同锌处理均可降低果实发育成熟过程中果皮硬度的变化幅度,降低多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、纤维素酶（Cx）、果胶甲酯酶（PE）的活性,其中Zn2++Ca2+处理的果皮硬度变化最均匀、陷痕果高发期Cx和PE活性低、原果胶和纤维素含量高。不同锌处理均可有效地降低果实发育成熟过程中细胞壁代谢酶的活性,抑制原果胶和纤维素的降解,延缓细胞壁水解,使得果实硬度变化更均匀,其中Zn2++Ca2+处理的效果最明显。     

仙游县度尾文旦柚主要病虫害的发生与防治

度尾文旦柚是度尾镇农民增收致富的重要产业,随着种植面积的增加,病、虫害发生及为害愈来愈严重,已影响了整个产业的持续健康发展。笔者经过多年研究和实践,总结了度尾文旦柚主要病、虫害的发生与防治措施,以供参考。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。