简化棉铃虫查卵方法的研究与应用

摘要:棉田棉铃虫的卵株率与卵密度间相关极显著,因而利用有卵株率取代卵密度来进行棉铃虫发生期的分析和确定防治指标,易于被接受和掌握。同时,简化棉铃虫的查卵方法,对于棉铃虫的测报调查和指导大面积的防治具有重要意义。     

宽缨酮对棉铃虫的拒食活性及生长发育的影响

为评价宽缨酮（EN）对棉铃虫的生物活性, 采用浸渍叶碟法和饲料混毒法, 以印楝素为对照, 检测宽缨酮对棉铃虫的拒食及抑制生长发育活性。结果表明, 宽缨酮和印楝素的拒食中浓度分别为12.04 μg/mL和21.62 μg/mL, 宽缨酮的拒食活性优于印楝素。以含10 μg/g宽缨酮的饲料饲喂棉铃虫幼虫, 在第10~12天幼虫体重相比对照分别下降87.90%、88.04%和80.74%, 并推迟5 d化蛹, 蛹重降低。化蛹率、羽化率和卵的孵化率分别比对照下降了26.00、37.39和14.98百分点, 蛹和成虫的畸形率分别是对照的2.89倍和3.33倍。综上所述, 宽缨酮对棉铃虫具有明显拒食和抑制生长发育活性, 具有开发成为新型植物源杀虫剂的潜力。     

棉铃虫一代成虫在渤海海面迁飞的考察

1996～1997年华北地区一代棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera (H(?)bner))成虫发生期间,乘客轮在渤海考察了棉铃虫的迁飞动态。在距海岸线20～80km处发现大量的棉铃虫、粘虫和龟纹瓢虫等昆虫向辽宁方向迁飞。对棉铃虫迁飞行为的观察结果表明,棉铃虫成虫于傍晚19:30左右起飞,凌晨4:00～5:00降落,共计在空中大约飞行8.5～9.5h。捕获的棉铃虫雌成虫卵巢发育1级占96％、2级占4％,交配率4％,具有迁飞昆虫的典型生理特征。     

斜纹夜蛾微粒子虫的初步研究

斜纹夜蛾三龄幼虫每头接种2.5×10~4个微粒子虫Nosema liturae孢子时儿乎全部死于幼虫期。但孢子经4℃贮藏1年则致病力显著下降,每头三龄幼虫接种3.15×10~6孢子时仍右35%的病虫可羽化,但罹病成虫寿命和繁殖力均下降。微粒子虫对棉铃虫三龄幼虫的ID_(50)和LC_(50)分別为143.4孢子/幼虫和1.27×10~6孢子/ml。在4×10~7孢子/幼虫接种时LT_(50)为5.5天。棉铃虫三龄幼虫每头接种2×10~7-1×10~6孢子时产孢量最高,约为1.1×10~(10)孢子/虫。五龄幼虫期为最佳收获孢子期。     

蠋蝽对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食功能反应

为明确蠋蝽Arma custos对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的生物防控潜能,在室内条件下测定蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食能力以及不同蠋蝽密度对自身捕食作用的影响。结果显示:蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。蠋蝽5龄若虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.829、0.024 d和41.667头;蠋蝽雌成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.796、0.020 d和50.000头;蠋蝽雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.752、0.021 d和47.619头。蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低。当棉铃虫幼虫密度固定时,单头蠋蝽的日捕食量随蠋蝽密度的增加而逐渐降低,蠋蝽对棉铃虫的捕食作用受到自身密度的干扰,5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫的干扰系数分别为0.548、0.702和0.772。表明蠋蝽5龄若虫及雌、雄成虫均对棉铃虫3龄幼虫具有一定的防控能力,且成虫对棉铃虫幼虫的防控能力大于5龄...     

新疆南部棉区麦蛾柔茧蜂对田间棉铃虫的防治效果

2006年,在新疆阿克苏市进行了利用麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor Say防治麦田第一代棉铃虫和棉田第二代棉铃虫的田间试验。结果显示,在麦田按500头/亩的量释放麦蛾柔茧蜂,可使麦田棉铃虫幼虫的虫口减退57．7%;化蛹量较对照减少0．56头/m~2。在棉田按700头/亩的量释放麦蛾茧蜂,对棉铃虫幼虫的麻痹率是50．73%,对棉铃虫的防效达65．96%。     

棉铃虫Bt抗性种群的RAPD-PCR初步分析

经室内筛选获得了棉铃虫对Bt杀虫剂、Bt毒蛋白和转Bt基因棉的抗性种群。利用RAPD技术 ,成功地扩增得到 105条多态性条带 ,经过聚类分析发现 ,棉铃虫对Bt产生抗性后在基因水平发生了变异。RAPD技术不仅可以用来鉴定棉铃虫对Bt是否产生抗性 ,而且可以区分不同的Bt抗性种群     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂生物学特性及田间控制作用研究

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂在河南新乡棉区年发生约8代,以6个世代发生在棉田,其中4个世代与棉铃虫低龄幼虫发生期吻合。田间出现4个寄生高峰,分别在5月中旬、6月中下旬,7月底至8月初,8月底至9月初,寄生率平均在19.2～42.9％,以一、二代棉铃虫期的寄生率较高,齿唇姬蜂对3龄前棉铃虫幼虫的总寄生率平均为23.7％,最高达40.0％,占整个世代总寄生数的71.3％。该蜂是豫北棉铃虫寄生性天敌中的优势种。成蜂对菊酯类农药敏感。     

地膜覆盖对棉铃虫羽化的影响初探

地膜在中国特别是西北干旱地区棉花等农田长期、广泛使用.采用埋蛹腹膜罩笼法,研究地膜覆盖对棉铃虫蛹的羽化以及出土的影响.结果发现:①地膜对棉铃虫成虫的阻隔率与地膜覆盖率之间存在线性关系,模型为y=0.977x-7.233(x为地膜覆盖率,y为成虫阻隔率;R2=0.839,P<0.001);②75%地膜覆盖率可导致棉铃虫羽化成虫64%的死亡率.试验证明,地膜可以有效阻隔棉铃虫成虫出土后的正常活动.     

一种简便,快速的棉铃虫抗性监测方法

一种简便、快速的棉铃虫抗性监测方法湖北省植保总站（４３００７０）彭超美近几年我省棉铃虫持续大发生，用于防治棉铃虫的化学农药量逐渐增加，棉铃虫对农药的抗性也在发生变化。据１９９３年～１９９４年荆州抗性监测站对公安和潜江棉铃虫抗药性监测结果，表明棉铃虫对...     

Notice

Abstract

The seasonal occurrence of gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera Hb. in sorghum during cropping periods was studied. The incidence of H. armigera larvae was highest between March and June, 1984. This gradually decreased between July and October, 1984 and was lowest between January and March, 1985. Larval counts were found to be higher on the cultivar CSH 5 than K‐tall. The main crop of first two cropping seasons harboured more larvae than the ratoon crops while in third cropping period there was no significant difference.     

增效剂Pbo、TPP对田间棉铃虫抗性种群增效作用研究

对西华田间棉铃虫种群，Ｐｂｏ能显著地增加氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、灭多威的毒力，大幅度地降低其致死中量，ＴＰＰ对两种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂也能表现一定的增效作用；对甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷，无论是Ｐｂｏ还是ＴＰＰ其增效作用均十分有限。增效剂对杀虫剂的增效效果与棉铃虫对该杀虫剂的抗性水平及其主导抗性机制密切相关。     

三种增效剂对棉铃虫增效作用

用３个不同地区的棉铃虫田间种群分别测定了３种增效剂对３种杀虫剂的增效作用。结果表明ＰＢ对氯氟氰菊酯,ＤＥＦ对辛硫磷,ＰＢ和ＴＰＰ对灭多威增效较好,而且棉铃虫的抗性水平越高,增效剂的增效作用越突出。     

赤眼蜂防治线辣椒烟青虫试验示范

在1600亩面积上试验,放蜂区烟青虫卵寄生率65～75％;百株残虫控制在1头左右;角果被害率压低到0.6～0.8;增产10～15％,干椒成品率提高15％;生防费用比化学农药费用障低75％。     

三突花蛛对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食功能反应及其数学模拟的初步研究

1988年在实验室内人工条件下,对三突花蛛捕食棉铃虫幼虫的功能反应进行了初步研究。三突花蛛的捕食功能反应是随猎物密度的增加而增大,而随其自身密度的增加而减少,随两者密度的增加,相互干扰越显著,捕食作用效应下降。建立了参数方程和模拟模型。该参数方程能在一定程度上描述雌成蛛对棉铃虫初孵幼虫至3龄幼虫的捕食作用。     

增效剂的增效作用与棉铃虫抗药性水平之间的关系研究

以不同抗药性水平的棉铃虫三龄幼虫试虫，分别测定增效磷（ＳＶ１），八氯二丙醚（Ｓ２）月桂氮Ｚｕｏ酮（ＤＣ），ＩＳ－９６１对久效磷（ｍｏｎｏｃｒｏｔｏｐｈｏｓ）灭多威（ｍｅｔｈｏｍｙｌ），氰戊菊酯（ｆｅｎｖａｌｅｒａｔｅ）的增效作用，结果表明：４种增效剂的增效作用，除与被测定药剂种类有关外，还与棉铃虫抗药性水平密切相关，其增效作用一般随抗性水平的提高而增加，但增加的幅度低于抗药性提高的幅度。     

Weed Research in the Central Laboratory of Plant Protection in Cuba

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WEED CONTROL. R. J. Stephens. Science in Horticulture Series. Macmillan, London, 1982. ISBN 0 333 21294 0. Pp.215. Price (paperback) £8.95.

OIL PALM DISEASES AND DISORDERS. P. D. Turner. Oxford University Press, Selangor, Malaysia, 1981. ISBN 0 19 580468 6. Pp. 280.

MAJOR WEEDS OF RICE IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. K. Moody. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, 1981. Pp. 79.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS ‐ A WORLD CATALOGUE OF AGENTS AND THEIR TARGET WEEDS. Edited by M. H. Julien. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK, 1982. ISBN 0 85198 494 0. Pp 108. Price £8.

COMPENDIUM OF SOYBEAN DISEASES. Second Edition. Edited by J. B. Sinclair. Amercian Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1982. Pp. 104. Price US $12.00.

FIELD WORKER EXPOSURE DURING PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by W. F. Tordoir and E. A. H. van Heemstra. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1980. ISBN 0 444 41879 2. Pp. 208. Price US $45.00.

EDUCATION AND SAFE HANDLING IN PESTICIDE APPLICATION. Edited by E. A. H. van Heemstra and W. F. Tordoir. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982. ISBN 0 444 42041 X. Pp. 302. Price US $69.75.

LES PRINCIPAUX ENNEMIS DES CULTURES MARAICHERES AU SENEGAL E. F. Collingwood, L. Bourdouxhe and M. Defrancq. Centre pour le Developpement de ('Horticulture, Dakar, 1982.     

Effects of Treatment of Banana Corms with a Systemic Nematicide

Abstract

Unpared banana corms were dipped in 300 ppm Nemacur P^* for 10 min, 600 ppm for 5 min, and 1200 ppm for 5 s. Pared corms were dipped in 600 ppm for 5 min. Plants from pared corms were slower in growth and gave lower yields than plants from unpared corms. Retardation of growth was observed in plants from corms dipped in 300 ppm for 10 min, and from treated, pared corms, suggesting phytotoxic effects of Nemacur P at these rates of application. No phytotoxic effects were noted in the 600 ppm dip of unpared corms, or with the 1200 ppm dip. The 1200 ppm dip, and 600 ppm dip of pared corms were not effective in controlling nematodes. Best nematode control was obtained from dipping unpared corms in 600 ppm Nemacur P.     

Chemical Control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in Wheat

Abstract

In field experiments conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 1973–74 and 1974–75, pre-emergence application (one day after sowing) of methabenzthiazuron (1.05 kg a.i./ha), metoxuron (1.6 kg a.i./ha) and chlortoluron (0.75 kg a.i./ha) gave effective control of Phalaris minor and Avena ludoviciana in wheat without any phytotoxic effect on the crop. Methabenzthiazuron, metoxuron and chlortoluron gave 1410, 1420 and 1090 kg/ha, respectively, more grain than the unweeded crop and 590, 600 and 270 kg/ha more than the crop hand-weeded twice. Nitrofen (1.25 kg a.i./ha) applied pre-emergence was effective against P. minor only and gave substantial increase in grain yield. Terbutryne, dichlormate and linuron, while effective against P. minor, also had a phytotoxic effect on the crop.