基于ARCENGINE空间分析的林业区划界线自动提取方法

使用ARCENGINE的空间分析接口,编程实现林业区划界线的自动提取。与传统方法相比,该方法极大地提高了林业区划界线提取的效率和准确度,且自动化程度高,极易推广。     

基于数字高程模型自动提取山脊线的实现方法

指出了生态区位的区划在许多重大林业项目中是一项重要的工作,而山脊线作为江河源头及江河两岸区划的重要依据在林业生态区位区划中有重要的参考价值。在对山脊线提取方法的深入研究后,提出了基于数字高程模型数据,结合ARCGIS软件的水文分析等工具自动提取的山脊线可以辅助工作人员的目视判读工作,大大减轻区划工作量。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性,其提取的山脊线与实际地形相符合。     

聚类分析在林业区划中的应用

在呼伦贝尔盟林业区划中,采用了主分量聚类分析方法,科学定量地划分出呼伦贝尔盟的林业分区,又采用了系统模糊聚类分析方法验证了主分量聚类分析法所确定的呼伦贝尔盟林业区划界线,两种方法所确定的界线基本相同,分区划分合理。     

湖南林业发展三级区划指标体系的确定与应用

依据生态区位重要性等级划分和森林现实生产力级数计算方法，提出了湖南省林业发展三级区划的指标体系，对指标体系在湖南省林业发展三级区划中的运用进行分析，形成了科学合理的三级区划结论。     

云南五大流域生态环境类型区划分

云南省防护林工程区地处伊洛瓦底江、怒江、澜沧江、红河、珠江五大流域上、中游，为了揭示地域上的相似性与差异性，分析其林业生态建设条件的异同，进行了该五大河流流域生态类型区划分。区划指标选择“土壤侵蚀量”、“坡度级”等若干直接因子以及“输沙模数”等若干间接因子，区划方法为非严格系统聚类方法，对流域项目区划分为三个生态环境等级类型区。并进行了生态重要性等级划分。     

森林生产力级数在青海省林业发展三级区划中的应用研究

介绍林业发展区划及其生态区位等级、生产力级数、非木材林业资源三类区划指标.对其中最重要的指标——生产力级数的计算方法、步骤进行论述,并得出计算结果.     

山西省林业科学研究院

正黄土丘陵沟壑区基于立地特征的林分构建技术完成单位:山西省林业科学研究院内容简介:黄土丘陵沟壑区基于立地特征的林分构建技术科技成果荣获省科技进步三等奖。该成果首次提出了黄土丘陵沟壑区亚区区划的界线,将该亚区划分为土石丘陵沟壑亚区和黄土丘陵沟壑亚区。并利用DEM数据将区划结果落到小班,同时提出了相应的植被构建方式、树种及     

基于逐步聚类与GIS结合的县级林业区划方法研究

以福建省永安市为例,分别以村和林班为基本单元,应用空间分析方法对永安市林业区划因子数据进行了提取,探讨了基于逐步聚类与GIS结合的县级林业区划方法以及县级林业区划的基本单元等问题。     

浅谈广西公路绿化树种的选择

本文根据适地适树的原则和广西林业区划的特点，结合公路绿化的实践经验，提出了适宜不同区城，不同等级公路绿化的主要树种。     

对林业区划调查中的几点意见

1、调查工作中应把地形图和航摄照片结合使用,以提高调查精度。因为航摄照片比地形图更真实而直观地反映了现地的地类和林相,有助于帮助调查员识别地形,区划地类界线。特别是参加县级林业区划调查工作的同     

Predicting upslope expansion of sub-alpine forest in the Makalu Barun National Park,Eastern Nepal,with a hybrid cartographic model

The natural upper boundary of a forest (forest line) in mountain environments is an indicator of climate conditions. An increase in global average temperatures has resulted in an upward advance of the forest line. This advance may result in fragmentation of the alpine ecosystem and a loss of biodiversity. Therefore, it is important to identify potential areas where current forests can advance under scenarios of future climate change. I used expert knowledge and cartographic modeling to create a hybrid cartographic model considering five topographic variables to predict areas where forest line can expand in the future. The prediction accuracy of the model is around 82%. The model is able to predict areas above the current forest line that are suitable or unsuitable for future forest advance. Further inclusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, as well as field-based information into the model can help to improve the model accuracy.     

基于GIS技术林区道路选线方案优化方法的研究

根据林区道路修建的有关信息 ,建立了基于GIS技术的林区道路路线方案设计流程 ,在此基础上 ,应用层次分析法 ,建立林区道路路线方案优化的层次结构模型 ,对影响林区道路选线的多因素进行了综合分析 ,提出了基于GIS技术林区道路选线方案优化流程。该方法将对林区道路的修建提供一定参考价值     

层次分析法在防火林带树种选择上的应用

应用多目标决策的层次分析法对防火林带树种选择问题进行了分析探讨,建立了最优抗火性能层次分析结构模型,确定木荷为最优树种,同时也可利用竹柏、格氏栲、青冈栎等树种优化防火林带结构。     

Using landscape metrics and topographic analysis to examine forest management in a mixed forest,Hokkaido, Japan: Guidelines for management interventions and evaluation of cover changes

In this study, we identified the distribution characteristics of a mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaved trees (a typical forest type in Hokkaido, Japan) using landscape metrics and topographic factors, and attempted to apply this knowledge to examine forest management. This approach provides a new perspective (i.e., the landscape structure) on forest management, which traditionally has been determined on the basis of individual forest stands. We first created a cover type map of the study area by means of aerial photo interpretation. The characteristics of each cover type identified from the photographs were determined using landscape metrics for each cover class. We digitized a forest administrative map (1:20,000 scale) using 20-m contours, and imported this into GIS software to produce a terrain model; on this model, we overlaid the cover types. Our examination of landscape metrics showed that most of the natural forest could be managed similarly. However, our examination of topographic characteristics revealed exceptions (e.g., areas that are difficult to regenerate) that will require particular attention when managing the natural forest. Based on the information we obtained, we proposed a guideline for sustainable forest management. From the land cover map, we proposed an “improved” cover type map to illustrate the development of a high growing stock of forest based on forest management. We compared the current cover map with the “improved” cover map and demonstrated that the improved form would have more significant effects on fauna that do not recognize differences in the proportion of the dominant species types than on those that can recognize these differences. Our results show how the information obtained using landscape metrics and terrain models is an essential tool for various stages of forest management planning.     

中国杨树分子遗传改良的研究现状

杨树是中国广泛栽培的重要造林树种之一 ,我国是世界上杨树资源丰富的国家 .杨树具有速生丰产、实用性强、无性繁殖能力强 ,且基因组较小等特点 ,现已成为研究林木生理和基因工程研究的模式树种 .该文概述了基因工程技术、遗传图谱构建、重要性状基因定位以及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面在中国杨树遗传改良中的应用研究进展 ,并对现代分子生物学技术在林木遗传改良应用中存在的主要问题和应用前景进行了讨论     

基于林地“一张图”的森林红线管理方法探讨

以全国林地“一张图”为基础,提出将森林红线分解为空间红线和面积红线的总体思路,初步探讨了森林红线的管理方法。     

An easy,accurate and efficient procedure to create forest fire risk maps using the SEXTANTE plugin Modeler

To prevent, detect, and protect against forest fires, forest personnel need to define rules for determining forest fire risk. In Portugal, all municipalities must annually produce forest fire risk(FFR) maps. To produce more reliable FFR maps more easily, we developed an open source model using the Modeler plugin of SEXTANTE in the program QGIS version 2.0 Dufour. The model provides all the maps involved in the FFR model(susceptibility map, hazard map, vulnerability map, economic value map,and potential loss map) and was produced according to Portuguese Forest Authority's(AFN, Autoridade Florestal Nacional) rules for determining the FFR. This model was tested for the Portuguese municipality Santa Maria da Feira, where 40 % of the total municipality area falls in the category ‘‘very high' or ‘‘high' fire risk. The ‘‘very high'fire risk area is mainly classified as broad-leaved forest and has the steepest slopes(15 %). The distance of burned areas to roads was also analyzed; the proportion of burned areas increased with increasing distance to the main roads.In addition, 92.6 % of the ‘‘high' and ‘‘very high' risk zones were located in areas with lower elevation. These results confirmed that forest fire is strongly influenced not only by environmental factors but also by anthropogenic factors. The procedure implemented here was compared with our open source application already available in QGIS and also to the same procedure implemented in GIS proprietary software. Although the results were obviously the same, the model developed here presents several advantages over the other two approaches. Besides being faster,it is easy to change the model parameters according to user needs(i.e., to the rules of different countries), and can be modified and adapted to other variables and other areas to create risk maps for different natural phenomena(e.g.,floods, earthquakes, landslides). The model is easy to use and to create risk and hazard maps rapidly in a free, open source environment that does not require any programming knowledge.     

松树分子标记辅助育种研究进展

松树是世界上森林生态系统和人工林的重要树种,松树的遗传改良开展早,进展快,成效大.分子标记技术为缩短育种周期,提高育种效率提供了有力的工具.本文回顾了世界上松树分子标记遗传图谱构建、比较遗传作图、数量性状位点定位和标记辅助选择的研究进展.已经构建遗传连锁图的林木有13个属,近40个树种,其中松树占40%,而大多数松树遗传图谱仍然是不完整的,不能覆盖全基因组;比较遗传作图显示松属树种具有高度的遗传保守性;数量性状位点(QTL)定位表明,大多数性状的遗传基础存在着主效基因,为开展分子标记辅助选择提供了良好的基础.杂种松部分重要性状的遗传控制中存在着树种效应,对标记辅助选择和育种策略的制订具有指导意义.     

北京市森林可燃物分类研究

利用北京市土地利用图和Landsat TM影像,采用监督分类方法对可燃物进行分类,获得可燃物分类图,并对各类可燃物的特征进行详细描述.结果表明:可燃物可分6类,即O- 1草地(中低盖度)、O- 2草地(高盖度)、S- 1灌丛、S- 2幼林、C- 1针叶林、M- 1针阔混交林和B- 1阔叶林.由于TM卫星影像分辨率的限制,很难分别出林分垂直结构的差异.这一分类结果,可以满足森林火险等级预报的需要,但对于火行为预报,还需要根据林分燃烧性、林分垂直结构及可燃物分布状态进一步分类.对当前的可燃物分类方法与制图途径以及未来的发展趋势进行讨论.     

胸径特征量在FVS系统中的影响研究

为了在我国建立全国性的森林植被生长模拟系统,选择美国的森林植被模拟系统(FVS)作为预测森林植被生长的参照原型。但是,森林植被生长受各种环境因子和其本身生理活动差异的影响,造成生长的极端复杂性,而FVS中也存在大量生长特征量,需对它们进行有选择的研究。本文从众多生长特征量中选择胸径作为基本特征量,以北京西山地区油松、侧柏的调查数据为数据源,对各种生长模型进行研究分析,对FVS中的模型进行利用和修正后,模拟了基本生长模型,经计算验证,该方法形成的生长预测体系是完整有效的。