国外竹子组织培养研究的现状与前景

由芽,茎尖或分生组织培养直接发育出新梢的报导在多年生单子叶植物中还很有限。然而,体细胞胚胎发生已为竹的大量繁殖提供了一条有效途径。本文从外植体选择,培养基类型,生长调节剂的应用以及愈伤组织的诱导,增殖与形态发生等方面以80年代以来的最新资料综述了国外植物组织培养在竹子上的应用现状及其发展趋势。     

竹子组织培养研究的进展及应用前景

本文简要概述了竹子组织培养研究工作进展情况 ,讨论了竹子组织培养的潜力和问题 ,特别讨论了组织培养技术在竹子快速繁殖、品种选育、基因工程以及竹子杂交育种等研究中的重要作用和诱人前景     

竹子组织培养技术的初步研究

采用竹子的种子、种胚、胚芽以及幼苗和成年竹的节芽,用ＭＳ、３／４ＭＳ、１／２ＭＳ和Ｎ６培养基,添加不同种类和浓度的植物激素,对１０个竹种的组培技术进行研究。其结果表明,１０个竹种的外植体均能培养成功。该研究为工厂化育苗提供了科学依据。     

竹子愈伤组织培养与植株再生

一、概况:竹子为我国南方最重要的经济植物,它以其种类繁多,分布广泛而著称于世。关于竹子组织培养研究,在国外仅印度、泰国等少数国家开展,其培养方法基本属于促进节芽萌生的微繁殖体系。在我国,关于竹子组培尚未见有报导,特别是通过愈伤组织培养从中产生具胚性细胞分化成再生植株,这对于目前正在进行的竹子单细胞液体悬浮培养以及进而分离具高活力原生质体等方面研究都具有极其重要的参考价值。     

竹子组织培养技术的初步研究

采用竹的种子，种胚，胚芽以及幼苗和成年竹的节芽，用ＭＳ、３／４ＭＳ、１／２ＭＳ和Ｎ６培养基，添加不同种类和浓度植物激素，对１０个竹种的组培技术进行研究。该研究为工厂化育苗提供了科学依据。     

竹子育种工作现状及前景

回顾２０多年的竹子育种工作,指出主要成绩是：（１）培育出一批优良杂种,这些杂种生长旺盛,繁殖能力强,适应性广,种植面积约有６６６公顷。（２）竹子的组织培养技术逐渐完善,组织培养与常规育苗技术相结合可以快速繁殖苗,从而可解决优良品种繁殖难、传播难的问题。（３）几种竹子在试管里多次开花,这意味着可以通过组织培养促进竹子开花、保存开花材料,竹子育种工作的水平有希望在现有的基础上进一步提高。（４）竹子无性系选育工作开始起步,通过调查发现,现在普遍栽培的品种中,无性系间无论形态、产量、竹笋的风味等等方面均存在着差异,开发利用现有优良无性系是比较现实的一种获得遗传增益的好方法。竹子遗传改良工作今后着眼于定向培育营养价值高、风味好的笋用竹种,抗旱、耐久、纤维素含量高的纸浆竹种及观赏性强的园林竹种。而要解决的关键技术问题是成年竹的组织培养、试管苗花质量的改善及鉴别优良无性系的简便方法。     

智能化组织培养技术及应用前景

指出了经多年的实践,组织培养可以实施智能化生产。工厂化组培生产过程中的培养基配置和灌装,种苗的日常检查、室内环境控制、培养工厂内部的物品运输、瓶苗的上下培养架等都可以实现智能化操作。甚至随着接种机器人的研制成功,组培生产中最费人工的切苗生产,也可以实现智能化。而组培生产后期,温室炼苗过程中的光照、温度、湿度、水肥等的控制在20世纪90年代已实现了智能化控制。组织培养生产实施智能化,应有一个前提:标准化。只有将培养基配置和灌装、种苗的日常检查、室内环境控制、培养工厂内部的物品运输、瓶苗的上下培养架,包括瓶苗的切割在大数据的支持下形成一个标准控制系统,才能实现智能化。     

当前竹子的组织培养和植株再生研究

通过综述近年来竹子的组织培养研究,得出外植体取材是竹子组织培养的关键因素,不同外植体组织培养选用不同的植物激素组合。竹子组织培养的培养基主要为MS培养基。茎尖和花序分别以器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生方式再生植株。竹子组织培养研究有助于竹子的微繁殖、转基因、无性系变异品种等方面的育种。     

海南竹子产业前景及其发展建议

竹子最明显的特点和优势就是生长快、周期短、用途广泛、产品多元化、经济价值高、投资风险小、市场潜力大。培育竹资源、发展竹产业能够把生态环境建设和产业开发有机结合起来，有利于实施“退耕还林”和“扶贫攻坚”，建成新的生态旅游景观，成为“生态经济强省”新的经济增长点。通过分析竹子产业发展前景与趋势，提出发展海南竹子产业的几点建议。     

沉水樟组织培养研究

以沉水樟当年生半木质化枝条为材料,通过试验设计得到沉水樟最适诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L（pH=6.0）,最佳继代增殖培养基和生根培养基分别为1/2MS+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+Na2S2O3150 mg/L（pH=5.5）和1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,增殖系数达到2.5,有效生根率达到96%,且在增殖培养基中添加一定浓度的Na2S2O3,解决了新抽芽顶梢或叶枯顶或掉叶难题,为沉水樟快繁提供了一种有效方法。     

Characteristics of bamboo tissue in relation to cooling set

To clarify the effects of tissue and structure of bamboo on its bending properties and set by cooling (bent at 90°C and cooled to 20°C with bending), the effects of set in bast-fiber-rich (B_fib) and parenchyma-cell-rich (B_par) specimens were investigated with regard to their dynamic viscoelastic properties, chemical composition, and recovery from deformation with time. The results are summarized as follows: (1) while no clear effect of the proportion of parenchyma cells and bast fibers on residual set immediately after cooling was found, the relative recovery from the deformation with time for B_fib was larger than that for B_par. (2) Slightly higher lignin content and a-cellulose were seen in B_fib than in B_par. (3) The peak temperature of loss modulus (E″) found for B_par, which was attributable to micro-Brownian motion of lignin, was obviously lower than that for B_fib. This was considered to be due to differences in the degree of condensation of lignin or higher-order structure. From these results, it was deduced that the bastfiber-rich specimen, which showed a higher peak temperature regarding thermal softening of lignin allowing the induction of insufficient thermal-softening in the range of 20° to 90°C, caused a larger recovery from deformation with time. Part of this report was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Akita, August 2006     

毛竹资源现状与经营利用浅析

阐述了毛竹的生长特性,经济、生态效益及毛竹资源利用现状。结合新邵县自然地理、交通状况和毛竹产业发展现状,分析了当前新邵县毛竹开发利用存在的一些问题,并对今后毛竹产业的发展与经营利用模式进行了相应的探讨,以期为林农在毛竹生产经营与管理方面提供参考。     

邯郸市竹类植物种类及景观应用调查

通过对邯郸市竹类植物种类及应用方式调查,摸清了邯郸市竹类植物种类,总结竹类植物在邯郸市的景观应用形式以及与其他造园要素配置应用,最后对邯郸市竹类植物应用中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Cross-sectional cutting of bamboo with a pair of shearing blades for bamboo cube production

As a new use of bamboo, bamboo cubes may be useful as a shot-blast material for surface treatments. However, a suitable processing technique for bamboo cubes has not been established. In this study, to obtain basic knowledge regarding the processing technology for bamboo cubes, we installed shearing blades (upper and lower blades) in a universal testing machine to test cross-sectional shearing of bamboo. The shearing force generated in this shearing was composed of a vertical component (F _v), a forward component (F _f), and a side component (F _s). This shearing force (F _v, F _f, and F _s) and the machining accuracy were investigated under various processing conditions. The shearing force became larger as the thickness of bamboo increased. In particular, F _v showed a tendency to increase rapidly. Changes in the shear angle of the upper blade had a remarkable influence on F _v. This result suggests that the shearing force could be greatly decreased by adjusting the shear angle. The shearing force within bamboo of 3mm in thickness was almost unaffected by the blade angle, and the change of shearing force with increasing clearance was almost indiscernible. It was clearly demonstrated that a large number of bamboo cubes could be made when the shear angle was large and cross-sectional shearing was performed from the bark side. However, a consequence of a large shear angle is that burr area increases. Part of this article was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003     

我国竹地板产业的基本情况及展望

介绍了中国竹地板产业的基本概况 ,包括竹地板加工工艺、竹地板生产的行业标准、竹地板产业存在的问题以及竹地板发展前景等 ,对竹地板生产厂家有一定的指导作用     

竹炭与竹醋的应用现状及其产业发展趋势

通过对竹炭、竹醋及其深加工产品应用现状的分析,探讨了竹炭、竹醋产业的发展现状与前景,指出了其产业化开发的方向。     

竹子悬浮细胞系的建立和组织培养试管苗移栽观察

本实验用（１）２,４－Ｄ,（２）ＮＡＡ／ＢＡ和（３）２,４－Ｄ／ＫＴ３种生长调节组合对孝顺竹顶芽和节侧芽外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导。２,４－Ｄ诱导顶芽和节侧芽外植体几乎全部生出水质、粗糙的淡黄色愈伤组织;２,４－Ｄ／ＫＴ诱导节侧芽外植体半数生颗粒状、光滑的白或淡黄色愈伤组织,不能诱导顶芽外植形成愈伤组织。由２,４－Ｄ诱导的孝顺竹愈伤组织在摇床上暗培养,建立了悬浮细胞系,可为竹子基因转化提供体材料。对     

竹资源在发展生态旅游中的文化价值

生态旅游作为旅游开发的一大热点,在开发中面临着如何丰富、深化其内涵的问题.我国是一个竹资源丰富的国家,该文就竹资源在发展生态旅游中的价值从竹子的观赏造景功能、文化承载功能、旅游商品开发价值等方面进行了探讨.