福州动物园野生动物弓形虫感染的血清学调查及用药效果观察

采用改良凝集试验(MAT),对福州动物园27种110只兽类和鸟类动物血清作弓形虫抗体Ig G检测,然后用复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉配合叶酸、葡醛内脂,对部分弓形虫阳性的野生动物进行治疗试验。弓形虫感染的血清学结果显示弓形虫的抗体总阳性率为22.7%(25/110):其中肉食性兽类组阳性率13.3%(2/15);植食性兽类组阳性率39.5%(15/38);灵长类组阳性率19.0%(4/21);鸟类组阳性率11.1%(4/36)。植食性兽类弓形虫感染阳性率显著高于其他动物。对动物群体中弓形虫抗体滴度分布的拟合显示,符合负二项分布。药物试验结果显示9只动物中治疗有效率为55.56%,转阴率11.11%,表明药物治疗试验效果明显。     

广东清远鹅弓形虫病血清学调查

本调查采用MAT方法对来自广东省清远市12个规模化养鹅场的520份血清进行了弓形虫病血清学调查。结果发现,所调查的清远市8个肉鹅场中,有2个场弓形虫血清阳性率均为2.22%,其余6个场未发现阳性样品;4个种鹅场均有弓形虫血清阳性样品,阳性率分别为:2.5%、5%、7.5%、2.5%。种鹅的弓形虫感染率(4.38%)明显高于肉鹅(0.56%)。结果表明,清远市规模化养鹅场的鹅弓形虫血清阳性率较低,种鹅弓形虫血清阳性率高于肉鹅,差异显著(P<0.05),种鹅可能成为弓形虫的传播源。     

甘肃省张掖市动物弓形虫病血清学调查

为掌握动物弓形虫病感染状况,应用间接血凝试验在张掖市开展了动物弓形虫病血清学抽样检测,被检血清抗体效价≧1:64判为阳性。结果显示,全市动物平均阳性率为13.8%(396/2866),其中猪阳性率为16.5%(91/550)、牛阳性率为17.5%(133/760)、羊阳性率为19.0%(130/686)、鸡阳性率为1.7%(10/605)、犬阳性率为12.1%(32/265)。结果表明,张掖市普遍存在动物弓形虫的隐形感染,应引起动物防疫工作者和广大养殖户的高度重视。     

四川部分地区4种致奶牛流产病原的血清学调查与分析

为了解四川地区奶牛流产病原的感染情况,试验应用血清学方法对8个养殖场中可能造成奶牛流产的布鲁氏杆菌(Brucella)、弓形虫(Toxoplasmagondii)、犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)、衣原体(Chlamydia)4种病原进行了调查。结果表明:1 002份奶牛血清样品中布鲁氏杆菌、弓形虫、犬新孢子虫、衣原体的阳性率依次为15.37%(154/1 002)、4.59%(46/1 002)、7.78%(78/1 002)和1.10%(11/1 002),4种病原的总阳性率为28.84%(289/1 002);8个养殖场中,4,8号养殖场的4种致奶牛流产病原的总阳性率最高,分别达到55.00%(33/60)和58.57%(41/70),3,7号养殖场中4种病原的总阳性率相对较低,分别为3.57%(3/84)和2.00%(4/200)。说明四川部分地区奶牛场普遍存在布鲁氏杆菌、弓形虫、犬新孢子虫和衣原体的感染,其中布鲁氏杆菌的感染情况尤其不容乐观,需要进一步加强布鲁氏杆菌病的防控与净化。     

张家口坝上地区鸡兔弓形虫病流行病学调查

为摸清张家口坝上地区鸡、兔弓形虫病的感染情况,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对张家口坝上地区散养鸡、笼养鸡、家兔、兔场兔的745份血清进行弓形虫血清学检测。结果表明,散养鸡阳性率6.6%(24/364);笼养鸡阳性率0%(0/120);家兔阳性率12.5%(22/175);兔场兔阳性率2.3%(2/86)。其中阳性散养鸡血清抗体滴度分布在1:256有25%(6/24),阳性家兔血清抗体滴度分布在1:256有9.1%(2/22)。     

张家口坝下地区鸡弓形虫感染情况调查

为了解张家口坝下地区鸡弓形虫的感染情况,采用间接凝集试验(IHAT)对张家口坝下地区的345份散养鸡血清和235份笼养鸡血清进行弓形虫的血清学检测.结果表明,散养鸡阳性率为11.01%(38/345);笼养鸡阳性率为2.13%(5/235),其中,阳性鸡血清杭体滴度分布在1:64的占74.42%(32/43),1:256的占25.58%(11/43).     

北京地区犬猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染的检测与分析

了解犬、猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染情况,应用SPA-ELISA和ICT对2008-2011年间收集的北京地区137份流浪猫、186份宠物猫和763份宠物犬及其他部分省市的57份乡村犬进行血清抗体检测;同时,提取猫及部分犬的血样DNA,分别扩增弓形虫和新孢子虫特异性基因片段。结果显示,流浪猫和宠物猫弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为24.1%(33/137)和13.4%(25/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为14.5%(111/763)和24.6%(14/57),不同来源的犬或猫抗体阳性率差异显著(P0.05);流浪猫和宠物猫的新孢子虫抗体阳性率分别为7.30%(10/137)和6.45%(12/186),宠物犬和乡村犬分别为6.06%(8/132)和10.5%(6/57),差异均不显著(P0.05)。宠物猫和流浪猫基因检测的阳性率分别为3.65%和2.15%,差异不显著(χ2=0.22,P0.05);132份宠物犬和29份乡村犬基因检测阳性率分别为18.2%和6.90%,差异显著(P0.05)。血液中虫体特异性基因检出率低于血清抗体检出率。宠物犬和宠物猫弓形虫和新孢子虫感染随着年龄增加呈上升趋势,但各年龄段差异不显著(P0.05)。     

福建省家兔主要养殖地区弓形虫病的血清学调查

为摸清福建省家兔主要养殖地区弓形虫病的感染情况,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对福建4个地区大型兔场、散养农户兔场的690份血清进行弓形虫病血清学检测.被检血清抗体滴度大于或等于1∶64判为阳性.结果表明:福建省4个主要养殖地区兔场弓形虫病阳性率9.71％(67/690)；其中,大型兔场阳性率1.73％(8/462),散养农户兔场阳性率25.88％(59/228).     

福州市动物园野生鸟类与周边活禽市场禽类H9亚型低致病性禽流感病毒感染的监测与分析

本研究针对福州市动物园野生鸟类与周边活禽市场禽类H9亚型低致病性禽流感病毒感染情况进行监测与分析。通过对野生鸟类及活禽市场禽类9目13科361份粪便拭子进行RT-PCR检测,发现有8目127份为禽流感病毒基因阳性,平均阳性率为35.18%,其中动物园鸽形目的禽流感病毒基因阳性率最高（53.33%）,其次为鸡形目（49.35%）;活禽市场雀形目的阳性率最高（46.75%）,其次为鸡形目（29.17%）;动物园中检出4例H9N2阳性,活禽市场所采样品中暂未发现H9N2阳性。     

改良凝集试验(MAT)对犬弓形虫的流行病学调查

为调查湖北省、山东省、江苏省、湖南省犬弓形虫感染情况,利用改良凝集试验检测犬血清弓形虫抗体,采用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞培养弓形虫速殖子,甲醛固定抗原后悬浮于碱性缓冲液中,用2-巯基乙醇处理待测血清。对采自湖北、山东、江苏、湖南四省的925份犬血清进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果表明:犬血清弓形虫抗体平均阳性率为8.2%(76/925),湖北省、山东省、江苏省、湖南省犬弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为20.0%(40/200)、13.5%(27/200)、2.0%(4/200)、1.5%(5/325)。湖北省最高,与山东省相比差异显著(P0.05),与其他两省相比差异极显著(P0.01);公犬阳性率为8.0%(36/451),母犬阳性率为8.4%(40/474),二者差异不显著(P0.05)。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.