大麦成熟胚胚性愈伤组织的高频诱导和植株再生

大麦成熟胚的初代愈伤组织是水质、柔软的非胚性愈伤组织，在继代培养中能以一定频率出现胚性愈伤组织。本文研究了基因型、有机添加物和胚切割等因素对大麦胚性愈伤组织诱导频率的影响。结果表明：供试的１０个大麦品种在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和植株再生率上有显著差异；培养基中添加水解酷蛋白、Ｌ－脯氨酸以及提高维生素Ｂ１和肌醇的浓度可以促进胚性愈伤组织的形成；胚芽段比全胚或胚根段更易形成胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织转入无     

野生阿宽蕉胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体分离及植株再生

本研究以野生阿宽蕉(Musa itinerans Cheesman)未成熟种子诱导的胚性细胞悬浮系为材料,对其原生质体的分离和植株再生进行研究。结果表明:胚性悬浮细胞在酶组合:3.0%纤维素酶R-10、1.0%离析酶R-10、0.2%果胶酶Y-23、1.52%KCl、0.78%CaCl2、0.01%MES和11%甘露醇中,酶解8h,原生质体的产量和活力达到最大值,分别为19.46×106个/mL和92.17%。采用看护培养法对原生质体培养60d后,可获得大量增生的小细胞团,细胞团悬浮培养15d后转至体胚诱导培养基上培养约30d,其体胚萌发率为45.97%,然后转至生根培养基上培养35d,其再生植株率为54.76%。     

影响籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织植株再生频率的几个因素

以优良籼稻品种的成熟胚为材料,探讨不同浓度ABA、愈伤组织继代次数、培养时间以及干燥处理等因素对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织再生能力的影响。结果表明：（1）在分化培养基上添加3.0～5.0 mg/L ABA对促进胚性愈伤组织的形成及胚状体发生,提高植株再生能力有显著作用。（2）继代3次、培养20～30 d的成熟胚愈伤组织,质量较好,分     

小麦胚性细胞系的建立及原生质体的培养

近年来利用胚性细胞无性系游离原生质体,在禾谷类原生质体培养中已取得了重大进展。但从报道看,较多地注意原生质体游离前细胞状态的选择和对游离培养条件的优化,很少把组织培养和细胞状态的调控,与原生质体培养结合起来,而这正是解决那些原生质体难以培养的植物类型或基因型再生     

茶树愈伤组织继代培养与体细胞胚发生

利用添加不同种类,浓度的１／２ＭＳ修改培养基、Ｂ５培养基交叉培养茶树（ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）愈伤组织,有利于延长愈伤组织继代培养时间,并维持胚性愈伤组织高的体细胞胚分化能力,不同品种的胚性愈伤组织体细胞胚分化率存在明显差异,试管苗茎胚性愈伤组织分化率高于大田栽培的成龄茶树叶柄胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织随着继代培养时间的延长,体细胞胚分化率随之有所下降,胚性愈伤组织在继代培养过程中,     

甘薯胚性细胞悬浮培养系的建立

地甘薯胚性细胞悬浮增减系的进行了研究。将１２个基因的长约０．５ｍｍ的茎尖培养在含有０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ或２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，形成了胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织的形成率因基因型和２，４－Ｄ深度不同而很大差异，为０－７５．７％。一方面，将胚性愈伤组织继续增减在含有２，４－Ｄ的ＭＳ培养基上，它们形成了处于各发育时期的体细胞胚。将具有体细胞胚的胚性愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ基本培养基上，体细胞胚发育成     

沙地云杉胚性愈伤组织诱导

沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)是内蒙古特有的珍稀树种,种子生产受到大小年、倒春寒及重齿小蠹等虫害的严重影响,有性繁殖受到阻碍。本研究以沙地云杉成熟胚为外植体进行胚性愈伤组织诱导,对影响胚性愈伤组织诱导的调控因子进行了研究。结果表明:(1)沙地云杉成熟胚接于培养基中培养,5 d后子叶和胚根部位膨大,10 d后胚根均明显愈伤化,40 d后愈伤呈水渍状,60 d后愈伤呈白色丝状;胚性愈伤的发生始于非胚性愈伤的表面,且长成的胚性愈伤呈细胞核大、细胞排列紧密的特点;研究结果明确了沙地云杉胚性愈伤形态学和细胞学的变化过程。(2)确定了沙地云杉胚性愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基和最佳激素组合。胚性愈伤诱导培养基为LM,激素组合为2,4-D 6 mg/L、6-BA 2 mg/L和KT 0.5 mg/L最佳培养条件为暗培养,且胚性愈伤诱导率46%。沙地云杉胚性愈伤诱导的成功可为沙地云杉资源的保护、开发、利用提供了理论依据和技术保障。     

甜瓜松散型胚性愈伤组织诱导

为建立甜瓜松散胚性愈伤组织再生体系,给分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种、诱变育种等新型的育种技术提供优质材料,以甜瓜成熟叶片为外植体,调节培养基中激素、蔗糖浓度以及愈伤组织继代次数诱导甜瓜松散型胚性愈伤组织。结果表明,在2,4-D的作用下叶片能诱导出愈伤组织,在MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+20 g/L蔗糖的培养基上,可以获得结构松散、质地较软呈黄绿色的愈伤组织;诱导松散型愈伤组织最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+30 g/L蔗糖,经过3次继代后可以获得生长速度较快,结构松散、质地较硬呈黄绿色的松散型愈伤组织;在MS+0.25 mg/L 6-BA+0.25 mg/L 2,4-D+40 g/L蔗糖的培养基上愈伤组织胚性化最好,继代5次,可获得结构松散、质地较硬,生长速度较快的松散型胚性愈伤组织。     

小麦愈伤组织原生质体培养高频率细胞分裂及愈伤组织形成

从小麦ＣＫ８９、１０２、１１３的花药和花冬的幼穗诱导愈伤组织的继代培养中，选择致密颗粒型愈伤组织，转入附加２，４－Ｄ２－４ｍｇ／Ｌ改良ＭＳ固体培养基上进行继代培养，６－１０周后形成生长迅速的胚性愈伤组织，这种愈伤组织分离原生质体得率为１－３．７×１０＾７个／ｇ．原生质体于ＰＣＭ２培养基上琼脂糖包埋培养，３－５天出现第一次细胞分裂，７－１４天进行第二，第三次细胞分裂，两周后形成大量细胞团，细胞分裂频     

不同激素条件下大豆原生质体培养和植株再生

以栽培大豆(Glycine max(L.) Merr.)南农86-21、南农86-4、南农73-935为材料，用K8/K8p基本培养基比较了不同原生质体密度和不同激素种类、水平对未成熟子叶原生质体培养的影响，发现它们的差异表现在植板率、产生愈伤组织的速度和频率、愈伤组织的颜色和结构等几方面。对低激素来源南农73-935的愈伤组织的速度和频率、愈伤组     

The Effect of Sugars and Growth Regulators on Embryoid Formation and Plant Regeneration from Barley Anther Culture

The influence of carbon source and growth regulator composition in induction medium on anther culture response was investigated using spring barley genotypes. Anthers were cultured on BAC3, Ficoll-containing medium, supplemented with one of the following carbohydrates: sucrose, maltose, cellobiosc and melibiose (6 % w/v). The use of either maltose or cellobiose resulted in a significantly higher anther response, calli and/or embryoid production and green plant regeneration compared to the incubation of anthers on a medium containing sucrose. Contrary to these results, the replacement of sucrose by melibiose in BAO medium, drastically reduced the efficiency of anther culture. As an average for the three genotypes tested, the frequency of green plants per 100 anthers plated was 9- to 22-fold higher on medium supplemented with sucrose or cellobiose than on medium containing melibiose as a sole carbohydrate. Among the growth regulators tested, the combination of auxin NAA (2 mg/l) and cytokinin BAP (1 mg/1) performed much better than the employment of auxin 2,4-D combined either with zeatin riboside or BAP as cytokinins. The beneficial effect of medium supplemented with NAA and BAP was associated with better embryoid formation compared to the other growth regulator combinations tested. The hormone-free combination gave a similar anther response and production of calli as any medium supplemented with growth regulators, but the regeneration capacity of calli produced on hormone-free medium was much lower, resulting in the drastic reduction of the number of both total and green regenerants.     

陆地棉原生质体培养与植株再生

以陆地棉品种“珂字２０１”为材料,比较了ＩＡＡ＋ＫＴ和２,４－Ｄ＋ＫＴ在愈伤诱导和悬浮培养中的效应,结果表明：愈伤组织诱导中,ＩＡＡ和２,４－Ｄ表现为正效应,且２,４－Ｄ的效应强于ＩＡＡ;ＫＴ表现为负效应;胚性愈人务悬浮培养中;３种激素都表现出负效应。以胚性细胞悬浮系了原生质体的分离和培养试验,分离原生质体的最佳酶组合为纤维素酶３％＋果胶酶１．５％,原生质体培养的最佳激素为ＩＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ｋ     

Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Callus Cultures from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Embryogenic callus cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were frozen in the presence of a cryoprotector and subsequentjy stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, a high percentage of cultures resumed growth after a lag-period of 2–4 weeks. Plant regeneration was achieved at a frequency comparable to that observed in control cultures.     

玉米原生质体培养及可育植株的再生

由玉米获白×莱1029的幼胚诱导愈伤组织,经改造后进行液体悬浮培养,获得了优良的、有再生能力的悬浮细胞系。用其分离原生质体,采用4种方式进行培养,最高原生质体植板率达到1.2％。原生质体再生的小愈伤组织,通过分步诱导分化法,获得了5株完整的绿色植株,经进一步的壮苗培养后,移栽到土壤中全部成活,最终雄穗结籽。后代植株育性正常。     

水稻胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中的生理生化变化

本文详细分析了水稻广亲和中粳品系０２４２８胚性悬浮细胞系建立过程中的培养液渗透值、ＰＨ值，呼吸作用，过氧化物酶同工酶，碳、氢及矿质元素的变化。结果如下：１、前期、中期和后期悬浮细胞系（好胚性悬浮细胞系）的培养液渗透值在一次继代培养的０－３天期和后期悬浮细胞比前期悬浮细胞更多地利用氨基酸作为代谢底物。后期悬浮细胞的ＥＭＰ途径相对稍低，而ＨＭＰ、ＴＣＡＣ途径较前期、中期稍强。３、从前期－中期－后期，过     

Components of Response in Barley Anther Culture

Anther culture response with 17 widely-grown varieties and one model variety of barley was studied with one replication from field-grown donor plants and one replication from a growth-chamber. Plants were regenerated from all 18 varieties and green plants were obtained from 16 of them. On average, 1.6 green plants were obtained per 100 cultured anthers from all the material. Estimated variance components for the formation of embryos/callus from the anthers were dominated by the effects of the genotypes and interactions between plant material and environments which together accounted for 60.1 and 17.0 % of the total variation respectively, while environments were nonsignificant for this character. Plant regeneration from embryos/callus were not significantly influenced by either genotype or environments. Components of variance for green plant formation were dominated by the effects of the genotypes, accounting for 73.2 % of the total variation, and a smaller effect from environments accounting for 11.2% of the total variation. Main effects from genotypes on the percentage of green regenerants divided 7 varieties into two distinct groups, indicating that major genetic factors were involved. The genetic basis for green plant regeneration seems different from that governing embryo formation. The results are discussed with respect to the possible prediction of anther culture response for new barley hybrids, as a means for directing the use of barley anther culture towards material that responds well.     

荔枝胚性悬浮细胞系的快速建立及其体胚植株的再生

荔枝幼胚诱导的胚性培养物在低糖条件下连续继代4~6次左右,可筛选到颗粒细小、不含原胚的松散型胚性愈伤组织;以这种松散的胚性愈伤组织作为起始材料,在附加2,4-D 2mg/L或2,4-D 2mg/L、KT1 mg/L、AgNO3 5mg/L的MS液体启动培养基上振荡培养（100~120 r/min）10~14 d,即可建立起分散性良好的胚性悬浮细胞系。采用激素减半的2种启动培养基交替继代培养或周期性固体－液体轮回培养,可以长期保持胚性悬浮细胞系。荔枝胚性悬浮细胞在附加NAA 0.1 mg/L、KT 或Ze 5 mg/L、肌醇100 mg/L、蔗糖50g/L、琼脂10g/L的MS固体培养基上诱导体胚,25~40d后可形成大量胚状体,诱导体胚数量达10,000个/g FW以上。经过成熟培养后,正常的体胚75%以上萌发再生完整植株。