苹果新梢叶片光合作用的测定

以盛果期‘红富士’苹果为研究对象,在树冠外围东南处中部,利用LI-6400光合仪测定延长枝、发育枝、果台副梢、叶丛枝最大叶片的光合能力,以准确测定苹果叶片光合能力。结果表明:不同新梢叶片的光合速率、气孔导度日变化为双峰曲线,胞间CO2浓度为反抛物线,蒸腾速率为单峰曲线。延长枝叶片的光合能力较高,叶丛枝较低,果台副梢、发育枝居中。发育枝叶片生长发育受果实的生长发育影响较小,可作为苹果光合作用测定的适宜叶片。     

乔砧苹果断根对根系及新梢的促控研究

通过早春断根后连续３年的观察,较完整地记载苹果断根根系的再生状况及对新梢生长的影响,调查表明,盛果期乔砧苹果在发芽前断根,当年的抑梢效果不明显,第２年表现出显著的控长效果,距主干８０ｃｍ左右断根后,根系再生复原期至少需２年以上,恢复期内对果实产量及品质无不良影响     

苹果秋梢类型及其与树体营养状况的关系

通过对不同果园我多点调查，根据秋梢生长状况及秋、春梢对比存在的结构差异，将苹果秋梢划分为三种类型：稳定性、强旺型、虚旺型。苹果不同秋梢类型具有“区域形成”的特点。不同秋梢类型的植株内营养状况不同，其中稳定型秋梢的形态特征能充分体现树休高水平的营养状况，是生产中适宜的表现类型。     

CPPU对苹果果实和新梢生长的影响

ＣＰＰＵ对苹果果实和新梢生长的影响ＣＰＰＵ的名称是Ｎ－（２－氯－４－－吡啶基）－Ｎ＇－苯脲，是一种细胞分裂素类物质。Ｃｒｅａｎｅ（１９８９）发现ＣＰＰＵ，在给苹果落花期进行花序喷布，可使果个增大，而在落花１８天后喷布，只能增加新梢的总长度。试验表明，...     

乔砧苹果断根对根系及新梢的促控研究

通过早春断根后连续3年的观察,较完整地记载了苹果断根根系的再生状况及对新梢生长的影响。调查表明,盛果期乔砧苹果在发芽前断根,当年的抑梢效果不明显,第2年表现出显著的控长效果;距主干80cm左右断根后,根系再生复原期至少需2年以上,恢复期内对果实产量及品质无不良影响。     

苹果幼树营养新梢连续剪增枝促花的效应

１９９２－１９９３年，我们对２－３年生长富２和新红星苹果柽 骨干枝和辅养枝上的营养新梢，于５月中旬至８旬连续剪梢４－５次，使１个营养新梢由对照的１－１．１８枝条增生为５．６１－８．９２个枝条，形成了良好斩枝组；使３年生树一、二次枝成花率由对照的０．８３％－３．３６％增加到８．９１％－２３．５３％。     

葡萄新梢长度与叶面积的关系

以红地球葡萄为试材,分析了葡萄新梢长度与其总叶面积的相关性,提出了可以采用测量新梢长度和新梢数量来计算全株或全园叶面积系数的方法。同时还总结出,对于棚架红地球葡萄的合理负载,即每平方米有效架面留8个新梢、4～6穗果,就可达到叶面积系数1.8～2.3之间,并获得优质、适度丰产的经济效益。     

不同修剪处理对苹果幼树一年生光腿枝萌芽和新梢生长的影响

以2013年栽植的矮化"玉华早富"苹果幼树为试材,采用刻芽、轻短截、摘心、涂膜发枝素等修剪方法,研究了不同修剪处理方法对1年生枝条新梢生长和光秃部位萌芽率的影响。结果表明:刻芽处理的萌芽率始终显著高于其它处理,在萌芽期,刻芽处理的萌芽率最高,为97%。涂抹发枝素处理的枝条的萌芽率为0%,与对照之间无显著差异。在萌芽期至坐果期之间,处理的时间越晚,拉枝和刻芽处理的短枝比例越高,但总枝数量减少。在萌芽期后,刻芽处理对培养结果枝组有积极的意义;拉枝处理可减缓枝条新梢的生长。     

苹果秋梢叶片功能特性及乙烯生成的研究

苹果秋梢叶片功能特性及乙烯生成的研究潘增光，束怀瑞（山东农业大学园艺系，泰安２７１０１８）关键词苹果，秋梢叶片，衰老，乙烯ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＥｔｈｙｌｅｎｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＡｕｔｕｍｎＳｈｏｏｔＬｅａｖｅｓｏｆＡｐ...     

弱势苹果树不同程度冬季修剪试验

连续3年对弱势苹果树进行研究,结果表明,采用重剪、回缩更新复壮的修剪方法后,树体通风透光性能改善,叶绿素含量和比叶重提高,光合作用增强,果实着色好,可溶性固形物含量和硬度也得到了提高,改善了果实品质,同时还增加了果实产量。     

不同枝量类型富士苹果光强分布及产量品质比较

对陇东改良纺锤形富士苹果3种枝量类型树冠内相对光照强度、树冠不同部位光照分布特征、果实产量、产量分布特征及品质进行了对比研究。结果表明:枝量过多型树冠内小于30%的相对光照强度比例最大,枝量合理型次之,枝量不足型最小。枝量合理型、枝量不足型、枝量过多型小于30%的相对光照体积所占树冠总体积分别为32.23%、24.19%、49.53%;产量分别为3 195、1 555、2 098 kg/667m2;果实品质各项指标枝量不足型略高于枝量合理型,但二者均达到了优质苹果的要求,确定出陇东地区富士苹果优质高产的最适留枝量为84 000/667m2左右。     

几种砧木对苹果新梢及叶特性的影响

对几种苹果砧木嫁接的四年生苹果树新梢及叶的特性进行了研究。结果表明,八棱海棠砧苹果树新梢和叶的总生长量高于用各类矮化砧木嫁接的苹果树。各矮化砧苹果树中短梢及其上叶的总生长量占全树新梢及叶总生长量的比例,高于乔砧树;矮砧树中短枝的单枝鲜重、比枝重、单枝叶数、单枝叶面积、单枝叶鲜重等指标,高于乔砧树。这是矮砧树树冠小、易成花结果的主要原因。以两个矮化砧木双重嫁接的苹果树,各类枝的质量明显好于以其中一个砧木嫁接的苹果树。     

苹果砧木枝条电阻抗参数与其抗寒性的关系

 以18株2年生苹果砧木西府海棠（Malus micromalus Makino）实生后代单株为试材,研究了不经冷冻处理的枝条的电阻抗（EIS）参数与其抗寒性（电导法测定枝条冷冻半致死温度）的关系。结果表明,3个时期（3月、7月、11月）枝条的EIS参数高频电阻率r和低频电阻率r1、胞外电阻率re、弛豫时间τ与抗寒性呈显著负相关（r =﹣0.737** ~﹣0.877**）,在11月时胞内电阻率ri与抗寒性也呈显著负相关（r =﹣0.857**）,表明在非冷冻条件下可采用枝条的电阻率r和r1、胞外电阻率re、弛豫时间τ估测苹果砧木实生后代枝条的抗寒性。通过比较3个时期各参数的最终通径系数,得出re为估测枝条抗寒性最佳的参数。     

春季干旱对金冠苹果不同部位叶片衰老和脱落的影响

春季不同部位叶片发育差异大.而且呈明显规律性.轻度干旱促进各类叶片成熟;严重干旱使长枝基部叶和短枝叶急剧衰老、游离氨基酸积累、内源乙烯大量释放、叶片脱落,但对长枝中部叶的发育影响不大;能促进长枝上部叶的成熟.可见,春季干旱落叶是衰老的结果.春季干旱,对不同部位叶片衰老和脱落的影响与其自身发育的差异有关,因此形成了春季干旱落叶的局部性.     

利用数码相机测定果树叶面积的新方法

 本文提出的是一个快速的非破坏性叶面积测定新方法, 可测定苹果、葡萄等各种果树叶面积,可在田间或室内测定活体或离体叶片的面积。其原理是利用数码相机(或数码摄像机) 拍照获取叶片和刻度直尺的图像, 利用软件对图像进行处理得到每平方厘米面积的像素数和叶片图像的像素数, 再通过计算得出叶片的面积。对其测算准确度进行检验, 结果表明苹果叶面积的测算误差为0.57% ～0.80%、葡萄叶面积的测算误差为1.05%～1.43% , 说明用新方法可相当准确地测算果树叶面积。     

The Relation in the Apple Between the Development of Young Shoots and the Thickening of Older Stems.

Summary

As a crop new to the western world, opportunities for production of Chinese water chestnut have barely been exploited. In China, over the latitude range 21º to 34ºN it is planted in spring and harvested in autumn. Opportunitiesexist to extend its cultivation to new climates, where growth throughout the year is not constrained by low temperature, but may be constrained by photoperiod. To study the response of Chinese water chestnut to photoperiod, six experiments wereconducted intropical central Queensland. One set focussed on planting early in spring, with long-day treatments superimposed. Anotherset investigated autumn and winter plantings, also with superimposed long-days, and the third compared the performance ofChinese water chestnut under constant or decreasing photoperiods, ranging from 8.h to 20.h, in light-out chambers. Corm formation was strongly retarded by long days but promoted by the photoperiods which were shorter than a criticalmaximum. Thecritical photoperiod was between 12.0±12.5.h, below which corm formation was rapid, and above which it was non-existent, or minimal if combined with cool (<21º mean) temperature. Under short days, to the detriment of stem growth, significantly more dry matter was allocated to corms and rhizomes. The latter provided potential corm sites. The response of corm formation and rhizome production to photoperiods shorter than the critical was more pronounced the moreextended the treatment period. The data provide evidence for the ability to manipulate timing of harvest at the field scale to extend availability of fresh produce on the market.     

对锰害敏感性不同的两个苹果品种枝条中锰的积累与分布

 以对苹果粗皮病抗性不同的两个苹果品种富士(感病) 和乔纳金(抗病) 为材料,通过田间采样、室内盆栽模拟,结合组织化学、显微鉴定和X- 射线微区分析,研究了枝条内锰的累积、分布与粗皮病抗性的关系。结果表明,锰在韧皮部的含量高于木质部,感病品种含量高于抗病品种;粗皮病病斑部位存在氧化锰沉淀,韧皮部锰的局部累积和分布与病斑的分布相一致;锰在感病品种的枝条横截面上存在局部累积现象,而在抗病品种上分布较均匀。     

The Effect of Partial Defoliation at Different Times in the Season on Fruit Drop and Shoot Growth in Lord Lambourne Apple Trees

Six-branched trees were deblossomed on alternate branches and various defoliation treatments given. For the period of 7 to 30 days from the time of treatment, defoliations increased the compound-interest rates of fruit drop. After this period these rates of drop became equal to those of untreated trees and the relative differences in crop numbers established by this time persisted until harvest though the actual numbers still fell. The earlier in the season that the defoliations were applied the greater were the relative differences. The removal of spur leaves from branches bearing fruit caused greater drop than the removal of spur leaves from neighbouring deblossomed branches. The removal of leaves from extension and bourse shoots of fruiting or deblossomed branches had no significant effect upon fruit drop or shoot growth.

The removal of all flowers from alternate branches at mouse-ear caused more shoots to grow from these branches than from branches allowed to fruit. Removal, at pink bud, of spur leaves from either fruiting or non-fruiting branches increased the number of shoots on both branches, but removal deferred till later in the season had no effect.