0～6月龄犊牛小肠pH值及主要消化酶活性的研究

试验对0～6月龄黑白花公犊牛小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的pH值及α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和乳糖酶活性进行了测定,结果发现:犊牛小肠不同部位内容物其pH值不同,回肠pH值高于空肠,回肠和空肠pH值均高于十二指肠;小肠不同部位的α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于回肠和十二指肠,随着犊牛日龄的增长,活性逐渐增长;小肠不同部位的乳糖酶活性不同,空肠和十二指肠乳糖酶活性高于回肠,随着犊牛日龄的增长,小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。     

羔羊小肠不同部位pH值及消化酶变化规律的研究

对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的pH值及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定,结果表明,羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH值不同,回肠pH值显著高于空肠,空肠和回肠pH值显著高于十二指肠;羔羊小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠段淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性增加;羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同,空肠乳糖酶活性最高,十二指肠次之,回肠最低,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低.     

日粮对肉牛小肠pH值及淀粉酶活性的影响

本文对肉牛饲喂不同日粮（玉米秸,５０％玉米秸加５０％玉米面）后小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）ｐＨ值及粉酶活性进行了测定。结果表明：肉牛小肠不同部位的ＰＨ值及淀粉酶活性不同,回肠ＰＨ值高于空肠,回肠和空肠ＰＨ值显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,喂５０％玉米秸加５０％玉米面日粮的牛小肠ＰＨ值低于喂养一玉米秸日粮;空肠淀粉酶活性高于回肠,空肠和回肠淀粉酶活性均显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲喂     

犊牛胰腺和小肠消化酶变化规律的研究

试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。     

不同精料水平对肉牛瘤胃和小肠pH值的影响

反刍动物瘤胃的pH值是瘤胃发酵的重要指标,对于饲料的消化有重要影响。一般情况下,瘤胃的pH值为6～7。纤维分解菌对于pH值的变化比较敏感,当pH值较低时,粗饲料的消化率下降犤1-3犦。生产实践中,为提高肉用反刍动物的饲养效果,在日粮中要添加一定量的精料,精料在瘤胃内易发酵,会产生较多的VFA和乳酸,使瘤胃pH值降低。本试验以3种不同精料水平日粮饲喂肉牛,探讨瘤胃液、十二指肠和回肠末端食糜pH值变化规律。1材料与方法1.1试验动物6头体重约400kg安装有瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠末端瘘管的西门塔尔杂交改良肉牛。1.2试验日粮按照不同精料水平…     

粮对肉牛小肠pH值及胰蛋白酶话性的影响

对肉牛饲喂不同日粮玉米秸,５０％玉米秸加５０％精料后小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）ｐＨ值及胰蛋白酶活性进行了测定,结果表明：肉牛小肠不同部位的ｐＨ值不同,回肠ｐＨ值高于空肠,回肠和空肠ｐＨ值显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲喂５０％玉米秸加５０％精料日粮的牛小肠ｐＨ值低于喂单一玉米秸日粮;肉牛小肠不同部位的胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠高于回肠,空肠和回肠显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲喂５０     

不同pH条件下花羔红点鲑消化器官蛋白酶活性的研究

本文初步研究了不同pH条件下花羔红点鲑消化器官肝、胃、肠、幽门盲囊4个部位蛋白酶的活性。结果表明不同pH条件下花羔红点鲑消化器官不同部位蛋白酶的活性不同,活性强弱顺序为：幽门盲囊〉肝〉胃〉肠。肝脏、胃和肠道蛋白酶最适pH值分别为：7．0、2．6和7．4。     

卵黄抗体添加剂对肉鸭小肠pH值及胰蛋白酶活性的影响

肉鸭日粮中添加卵黄抗体后对小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠) pH值及胰蛋白酶活性进行了测定, 结果表明, 肉鸭小肠不同部位的pH值不同, 回肠显著高于十二指肠和空肠(P<0 05), 而十二指肠略高于空肠, 差异不显著(P>0 05 ); 日粮中添加卵黄抗体后, 其pH值显著低于对照组(P<0 05)。肉鸭小肠不同部位的胰蛋白酶活性不同, 空肠最高, 其次是回肠和十二指肠; 日粮中添加卵黄抗体后, 各小肠段的胰蛋白酶活性都有所提高, 但以空肠的胰蛋白酶活性达到显著水平(P<0 05), 而回肠和十二指肠只有提高的趋势, 但差异不显著(P>0 05)。     

pH对大西洋鲑蛋白酶活性的影响

为了研究pH对大西洋鲑蛋白酶活性的影响。采用福林酚法分析研究了pH对大西洋鲑胃、肝脏、前肠、中肠、后肠中蛋白酶活力的影响。结果表明,在设定的pH范围内,大西洋鲑各组织蛋白酶的活力均随着温度和pH的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势。其中,胃蛋白酶最适pH为3.0,肝脏7.0,其它为7.5,大西洋鲑蛋白酶活力存在器官差异性。各组织在其最适pH下,蛋白酶活力顺序为胃>肝脏>前肠>中肠>后肠。各部位间差异显著(<0.05)。     

日粮精粗比对泌乳奶牛瘤胃及小肠pH值的影响

选择4头安装有瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端T形瘘管的泌乳奶牛,按4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮精粗比约为30:70的"高低质粗料型"日粮、30:70的混合型高青贮日粮、50:50的精粗料比例相当的日粮及65:35的高精料日粮等4种不同精粗比日粮对瘤胃和小肠pH值的影响。结果显示,日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃和回肠末端pH值有影响,而对十二指肠前端pH值没有显著(P>0.05)影响;随日粮精粗比的提高,奶牛瘤胃和小肠pH值降低;奶牛瘤胃、十二指肠前端和回肠末端pH值平均分别为6.46、3.80和7.76。     

不同肠段中氨基酸螯合锌吸收特点的研究

用 50日龄Wistar纯系雄性大鼠 ,以体内原位结扎肠段灌注技术结合放射性同位素示踪技术 ,通过与氯化锌比较 ,研究了十二指肠和空肠对氨基酸螯合锌 (以赖氨酸螯合锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌为代表 )的吸收特点。试验中观察了向结扎肠段灌注含不同形态锌的灌注液后 ,不同时间 (5 ,1 5 ,30 ,60 ,90 ,1 2 0min)血液中6 5Zn比放射性的动态变化 ,1 2 0min (试验结束 )时结扎肠段6 5Zn的消失率 ,不同组织器官中6 5Zn的比放射性的变化。试验结果表明 ,和空肠相比 ,十二指肠对 3种锌源的吸收率高 ;和氯化锌相比 ,十二指肠和空肠对 2种氨基酸螯合锌的吸收率高     

Morphological and functional comparisons of Peyer's patches in different parts of the swine small intestine

Fifteen conventional 8-week-old pigs were used to compare the morphology and function of Peyer's patches (PP) in different parts of the small intestine with special emphasis on the dome epithelium (DE). The comparisons were done by morphological observation through light and electron microscopy, and by the ability of the DE complex to phagocytize horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Dome epithelium of the PP in the jejunum was more superficially located in the mucosa in comparison with the ileum. The DE's of the ileum were much smaller, with an area of 3.7 micron2/DE, than that of the jejunum (18.4 micron2/DE). The number of DE areas/5 cm2 in the ileum was more than in the jejunum. However, the total surface area of DE/5 cm2 of PP, was larger in the jejunum (180.5 micron2) than in the ileum (55.6 micron2). Brown discoloration of diaminobenzidine-hydrogenperoxide (DAB+H2O2)-treated PP specimens, after HRP inoculation, intensified with post-inoculation time from 20 s to 5 min. The brown pigment first appeared on the surface of microvilli and infiltrated into the dome. No morphological differences were observed between the jejunum and the ileum in 1 micron thick Epon-embedded specimens. Intramucosally, brown pigment was almost always found in DE areas. The pigmented areas were more numerous in the jejunum but the color intensity showed no obvious difference. By transmission electron microscopy, the electron dense materials (which were interpreted as the products of HRP and DAB+H2O2) were found between the microvilli of membraneous (M) cells, in the intercellular spaces of the DE, and in a form similar to intracytoplasmic vesicles in the cytoplasm of M-cell and DE complex lymphocytes. Our results confirmed that DE of PP had much stronger phagocytic activity than did the ordinary villous epithelium. This evidence indicates that the DE complex of PP in the swine intestine is immunologically important.     

北京雏鸭小肠消化酶活性变化规律研究

北京鸭成熟早,生长发育快,育肥性能好,肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是我国著名的肉用鸭品种.近年来,关于通过添加外源性消化酶以弥补家禽体内消化酶的不足、降低肠道食糜黏度,从而提高饲料利用率、增强机体代谢水平和免疫力以促进动物生长方面的研究较多[1],但对北京雏鸭内源酶的变化规律未见报道.     

谷氨酰胺对犊牛骨骼肌和小肠黏膜蛋白质及其DNA和RNA含量的影响

选用体重和出生日期相近的12头中国荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4组,(40±1)d一次性断奶。采用胃肠外营养(total parenteral nutrition,TPN)颈静脉灌注丙氨酰谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)二肽的方式,研究了不同水平Gln对早期断奶犊牛骨骼肌、小肠黏膜蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量的影响。结果表明,颈静脉灌注中等水平的Ala-Gln(每千克体重0.68g/d),连续灌注7d,可以有效提高早期断奶犊牛骨骼肌蛋白质水平,且空肠黏膜DNA含量以及骨骼肌和空肠黏膜RNA含量均显著增高。     

Histochemical distribution of enzymes in the small intestine of young milk-fed calves

The histochemical distribution of selected enzymes were examined in the small intestine of 5 about 3-week-old normal calves fed on whole cow’s milk. Alkaline phosphatase and β-D-galactosidase (= lactase) in the epithelial brush border, and non-specific esterase in the cytoplasm showed a strong reaction in the villi of the anterior small intestine and a marked decrease in the posterior regions. Aminopeptidase in the brush border of the villi showed a reverse distribution, with the strongest reaction in the posterior small intestine. Adenosine-triphosphate-splitting enzyme in the epithelial brush border, acid phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells gave a relatively uniform reaction in the villi throughout the small intestine. A fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the brush border of the villi in the anterior small intestine. The distribution of enzymes demonstrated in this study was generally compatible with the known absorptive functions of the various parts of the small intestine.     

Myoelectric activity of the small intestine in enterotoxin-induced diarrhea of calves.

Electrodes were surgically implanted at 15-cm intervals in the jejunum and ileum of 4 healthy neonatal calves so that myoelectric activity could be recorded on 2 consecutive days. On the first day, each calf received a control treatment, and myoelectric activity was recorded for 340 minutes. Phase I was recorded for a mean of 175.8 +/- 22.8 minutes (51.5%), phase II for 124 +/- 27.4 minutes (36.5%), and phase III for 40.3 +/- 6 minutes (11.9%). On the second day, each calf was treated with approximately 200 micrograms of heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of Escherichia coli orally. All calves developed diarrhea after the administration of STa. Phase I was recorded for a mean of 92.5 +/- 42.3 minutes (27.2%), phase II for 227.3 +/- 52.5 minutes (66.9%), and phase III for 20.3 +/- 11.4 minutes (6.0%). Increase in phase II and decrease in phases I and III after STa administration were significant (P less than 0.05). Duration of the migrating myoelectric complex was longer after STa administration (median, 64 minutes), compared with the control treatment (median, 54 minutes). Minute rhythms, recorded on the day of toxin administration, ranged from 49 to 153 minutes. There was no difference between the number of migrating action potential complexes on the control days (range, 1 to 10), compared with those on treatment days (range, 1 to 14). These findings are suggestive that enterotoxin-induced diarrhea of calves is accompanied by increased total spiking activity and minute rhythms in the distal portion of the jejunum and ileum.