藏羊血中血红素提取工艺研究

通过正交试验确定了藏羊血中提取血红素的最优工艺条件,即：溶血时添加蒸馏水1倍、氯仿5倍、分离血红素时加丙酮5倍、离心时间为20min,pH值为3。     

The effect of gastrointestinal parasitism on blood copper and hemoglobin levels in sheep

Endoparasitism is a problem in Trinidad, as it is in most tropical countries. Parasite infection has been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of swayback disease (which is also prevalent in Trinidad), but the mode of action has not been clearly defined, although it has been suggested that parasites interfere with the absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of endoparasitism on blood copper levels and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in sheep in Trinidad. Copper was administered intramuscularly to parasite infected and noninfected animals. The results showed that parasitism has a depressing effect on blood copper and Hb levels, even when administered parenterally. It is concluded that parasitism can aggravate existing hypocupremia and possibly influence the expression of swayback disease.     

锗硒对绵羊血液中某些微量元素含量的影响

为探讨绵羊补充锗硒的有效性以及对血液中其他微量元素含量的影响,选取20只羯滩羊随机分成4组,每组5只.Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组每只绵羊每20d肌肉注射0.2%亚硒酸钠溶液2mL,Ⅲ组每只绵羊每天口服Ge-132溶液(1g/L)50mL;Ⅳ组同时补充亚硒酸钠和Ge-132,试验期为2个月.在试验前和试验第10、20、30、40、50天采取血样,测定全血中锗、硒、锌、铜含量.结果显示,单独补充硒或锗后,绵羊全血硒、锗含量都显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与锗硒联合应用组全血锗、硒含量没有显著差异;各试验组绵羊全血铜、锌含量与对照组差异不显著.结果表明,绵羊补充锗硒后,全血锗、硒含量显著升高,与锌、铜没有拮抗作用.     

血红蛋白粉对仔猪血液中血红蛋白、铁及转铁蛋白含量的影响

选择35日龄、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪84头,按遗传基础相似、公母各半的原则,随机分成4组,第I组为对照组,其余为试验组,每个处理组设3个重复,分别用0%、1%、2%、3%的血红蛋白粉替代其日粮中相应比例的鱼粉(其中试验Ⅲ组中替代2%的鱼粉和1%的豆粕),并进行了为期30d的饲养试验。试验结果表明,仔猪的日增重试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05),且试验Ⅲ组显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);仔猪的血红蛋白浓度随血红蛋白粉添加量的增加而成正相关;仔猪血浆中转铁蛋白的含量随日粮中血红蛋白粉添加比例的增加而上升,并且各组间差异是显著的(P<0.05);仔猪的血浆铁含量试验Ⅲ组显著高于其它组(P<0.05)。     

Studies on a sheep freemartin

A case of intersexuality in a Dorset horn ewe is described. Although possessing female external genitalia this animal had a male internal reproductive tract with inguinal testes, epididymes, vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles. No traces of cervix or uterus were present and the vagina was represented in its caudal part only. Chromosomal studies revealed chimaerism in peripheral leucocytes of the type 54, XX/54, XY, while other tissues revealed the normal female karyotype 54, XX. The ewe was born in a set of triplets with one dead male fetus and one living male. It was therefore concluded that the animal was a freemartin. The significance of this case and of the phenomenon of freemartisism in sheep is discussed.     

草地施肥对牧草和放牧贵州半细毛羊的影响

为评价草地施肥对放牧贵州半细毛羊的影响,在威宁县凉水沟退化人工草地上进行了(NH₄)₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃施肥和放牧试验。结果表明,草地施肥极显著增加牧草氮(N)含量,但各施肥处理之间没有显著差异。(NH₄)₂SO₄施肥极显著增加牧草S、Mn和Zn含量,减少牧草Se含量。试验结束时,施(NH₄)₂SO₄草地半细毛羊血液中Cu、Fe和Se含量极显著低于施NH₄NO₃草地和对照草地,家畜血液Mn、Zn和S含量极显著高于NH₄NO₃施肥牧场和对照牧场。(NH₄)₂SO₄施肥牧场贵州半细毛羊血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞压积容量(PCV)以及血清Cp含量、血清SOD活力、血清GSH-PX活力和血清CAT活力极显著低于NH₄NO₃施肥牧场和对照牧场,血液其他矿质元素和血液指标及血清生化值在2个施肥处理和对照之间均差异不显著。因此得出结论,威宁县凉水沟天然草地不适合用(NH₄)₂SO₄施肥。     

提高萨福克羊超数排卵的效果研究

对 5 4只 (次 )萨福克羊采用CIDR +FSH +PG法进行超数排卵 (以下简称超排 ) ,发情配种后第 6天从子宫角采胚 ,只均获胚数和只均获可用胚数分别为 (6 89± 2 6 2 )枚 (372 / 5 4 )和 (6 0 7± 2 2 8)枚 (32 8/ 5 4 )。并对不同国家产FSH ,注射LRH -A3 +P4,重复超排 ,左、右侧卵巢等影响萨福克羊超排效果的因素进行研究 ,结果表明 ,以加拿大和日本FSH超排效果最好 ,只均获可用胚分别为 (9 2 0± 1 6 4 )枚 (n =10 )和 (7 75± 1 6 7)枚 (n =16 ) ;注射LRH -A3 +P4组只均获可用胚(7 2 5± 1 18)枚 (n =16 ) ,极显著高于对照组 (4 11± 1 38)枚 (n =9) ;重复超排 (间隔 12月 )第 2次超排只均获可用胚(9 19± 3 39)枚 (n =16 ) ,明显高于第一次只均获可用胚 (6 0 0± 3 2 7)枚 (n =16 ) ;左右侧卵巢对萨福克羊超排效果无显著差异。     

策勒黑羊、和田羊和卡拉库尔羊血液蛋白多态性研究

血液蛋白多态性可以作为一个遗传标记因子来反映动物的遗传变异情况。不同品种间的不同位点血液蛋白具有一定差异,所以由多种血液蛋白多态性所标记的多基因型,可用来标记品种特征（张细权,1997）。本研究利用血液蛋白多态性,对塔里木盆地周边的策勒黑羊、和田羊、卡拉库尔羊3个绵羊品种进行遗传多样性分析,对种质资源保护和科学开发利用以及品种的起源、进化研究提供科学依据。     

Studies on the effects of total nephrectomy in sheep.

Effects of total nephrectomy were studied in six sheep. There was no marked deterioration in the clinical condition of the animals except anorexia and reduced water intake. Three sheep survived the period of observation of 120 hours when they were euthanized. One animal suddenly died at each of 76, 80 and 100 hours. Progressive increase of blood urea nitrogen concentration was accompanied by severe metabolic acidosis in the later stages. Plasma creatinine rose significantly but the change was not marked. Plasma inorganic phosphorous and calcium decreased significantly. Unaffected plasma sodium levels were accompanied by hyperkalemia and hypochloremia. Plasma total proteins and albumin decreased significantly in the later stages. Results showed markedly different responses to total nephrectomy in sheep as compared to changes reported in cattle and nonruminants.     

Studies on the distribution and metabolism of ketamine in sheep

A comparison of the distribution and metabolism of intravenous and intra-cerebroventricular ketamine hydrochloride in sheep showed that following intravenous administration there was a rapid biexponential decline in plasma ketamine, metabolism was rapid and both the demethylation and subsequent oxidation metabolites were detected. In the urine the second metabolite appeared to be the major one together with a third unidentified metabolite. In the CSF both ketamine and the first metabolite appeared to follow the plasma concentrations, but the entry of the second metabolite seemed to show a much slower pattern. Following injection of ketamine into the lateral cerebral ventricles the levels of ketamine in the CSF declined rapidly and the plasma concentration of ketamine showed a similar pattern to that seen following intravenous injection, indicating a rapid transfer to the blood. The levels of the metabolites found in the CSF suggest that their production does not take place in the CSF and that they penetrate back from the plasma. The findings of rapid metabolism following both routes of injection suggests that metabolism plays a major part in the termination of the effects of ketamine in the sheep, and that plasma levels of ketamine are of more importance than CSF levels in the maintenance of anaesthesia.     

阿莫西林在藏系羊体内的药物动力学研究

为研究阿莫西林在藏系羊体内的药物动力学特征,了解阿莫西林在藏系羊体内的吸收、分布、转化及排泄规律,以期为牧区兽医临床用药提供依据。本试验选取8只成年藏系羊,阿莫西林口灌给药,不同时间点采集藏系羊血液,利用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果表明,阿莫西林经藏系羊口灌给药(15 mg/kg.B.W)后,其主要药动学参数为:t_(1/2α)为(0.773±0.097)h,t1/2ka为(0.156±0.021)h,t_(1/2β)为(3.787±0.973)h,AUC为(8.249±1.023)μg·h/m L,T_(max)为(0.497±0.036)h,C_(max)为(2.667±0.198)μg/m L。表明阿莫西林口灌给药后,在成年藏系羊体内吸收迅速,消除较快。