猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据猪细小病毒(PPV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的基因序列,分别选取各自的保守区段设计引物,通过反应条件的优化,建立了检测PPV、PRV和PCV-2的多重PCR方法.用建立的方法对采自陕西省部分猪场的286份病料及血样进行检测,从对临床健康猪全血样品中PPV、PRV和PCV-2的检测结果看...     

猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中已发表的猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型 (porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)基因序列,对各病毒基因区进行同源性分析,确定PPV 的VP2、PRV的 gD、和PCV2的ORF2基因为各病毒的诊断靶序列,设计特异性引物,在建立各病毒单项PCR技术的基础上,优化多重PCR反应条件,建立了3种病毒的多重PCR技术,可同时扩增PPV 313 bp、 PRV 217 bp和PCV2 447 bp的特异性片段。用多重PCR技术与单项PCR技术对比检测试验证明两者的符合率为100％,表明建立的多重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可同时鉴别诊断这3种病毒。从10个发病猪场和门诊病例的病猪采集的211份样品,用建立的多重PCR检测方法,检出PPV阳性42份,阳性率为19.91%;PRV阳性26份,阳性率为12.32%;PCV2阳性56份,阳性率为26.54%;2种以上病毒混合感染25份,混合感染阳性率为11.85%。检测结果表明,山西省猪群已感染这3种疫病。     

PRV、PCV-2、PPV多重PCR检测方法的建立及其应用

根据GenBank上已发表的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV-2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)核苷酸序列,设计并合成能分别特异性扩增PRV、PCV-2、PPV的引物。经条件优化,建立了同时检测PRV、PCV-2、PPV的多重PCR方法,所扩增特异性产物片段大小分别为217bp、394bp、748bp。该方法不仅特异性强、敏感性高,还克服了对上述病原分别进行检测所带来的诸多弊端,为猪伪狂犬病、猪Ⅱ型圆环病、猪细小病的临床诊断和流行病学调查等研究提供了新手段。     

猪圆环病毒2型PCR检测方法的建立及其在临床检测中的应用

选择猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)基因保守区设计1对引物P1和P2,扩增536 bp的片段,该方法可以特异地检测出PCV-2的DNA,而对猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒及未接PCV-2的PK-15细胞均呈阴性;该法能检测出29 ng/L的病毒DNA。对扩增片段进行测序,结果表明扩增片段属于PCV-2。应用该方法对2008年度上海及周边地区送检的91份临床样本进行了PCV-2的检测,结果表明,阳性样本为52份,阳性率为57.14%。研究结果表明,建立的PCR方法检测PCV-2具有较好的敏感性和特异性,可用于PCV-2感染疑似病例的诊断及其分子流行病学调查。     

检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2及PPV多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank中的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2、猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2基因序列,设计了3对引物,成功建立了检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2和PPV的多重PCR诊断方法,扩增产物分别为288 bp、419 bp、681 bp。敏感性、特异性试验结果显示,该PCR对3种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为PRV 48.2 pg/L、PCV-2 36.7 pg/L、PPV 0.25 ng/L,而PRV(gE基因缺失株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。对87份自然感染病猪样品的检测结果表明,该多重PCR检测结果与单一PCR检测结果完全符合。结果表明,该多重PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床PRV野毒株和gE基因缺失疫苗株、PCV-2和PPV的检测。     

Porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is the necessary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in swine; however, a variety of co-factors, including other infectious agents, are thought to be necessary in the full expression of disease. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) was found in the inoculum used in the first experiments to reproduce PMWS in gnotobiotic swine. Retrospective and prospective studies in the field and laboratory have demonstrated PCV-2 can act synergistically with PPV to enhance the severity of PMWS. PCV-2 has been shown to play a role in the porcine infectious disease complex (PRDC). Other co-infecting agents with PCV-2 in the lung include, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Exposure of pregnant sows to PPV, PRRSV, or encephalomyocarditis virus may interact with PCV-2 infected foetuses. The severity of hepatic lesions in PCV-2 infected pigs may be enhanced by co-infection with agents such as swine hepatitis E virus and Aujezsky's disease virus. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanistic basis for the interaction of PCV-2 with other agents in the pathogenesis of the various clinical syndromes that have been associated with PCV-2 infection.     

山东种公猪精液携带主要病原的检测

采用PCR技术,对2007年-2009年山东部分地区的38个猪场和人工授精站的生产公猪精液样品727份进行了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和猪细小病毒(PPV)5种主要病原的检测。结果检出CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV-2和PPV的阳性数和阳性率分别为18份(2.48%)、27份(3.71%)、7份(0.96%)、33份(4.54%)、9份(1.24%),有7份样品为2种以上病原混合感染,其中以PRRSV+PCV-2混合感染最多。结果表明精液传播病毒仍是当前母猪繁殖障碍的重要原因之一,应重点加强对种公猪的疫病净化和公猪精液管理,从源头控制传染源。     

种公猪精液中与繁殖障碍有关的6种病毒的检测

采用PCR和RT-PCR技术,于2006年4月～10月对上海及其周边地区的30个猪场和人工授精站的生产公猪精液样品355份进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪圆环病毒(PCV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和日本脑炎病毒(JEV)等6种与猪繁殖障碍有关的病毒的检测,结果表明,日本脑炎病毒检测为阴性,检出PRRSV、PRV、CSFV、PPV和PCV阳性数和阳性率分别为6份(1.69%)、9份(2.54%)、5份(1.41%)、75份(21.1%)、6份(1.69%),有一个猪场的5份样品存在PRV和PPV混合感染.     

多重PCR对猪病毒性繁殖障碍疾病的调查分析

为了解猪群中病毒性繁殖障碍疾病的流行状况,用多重PCR诊断方法,对太原市附近14个养猪场和门诊病例共1068份样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）的检测,其平均感染率分别为：PRRSV 32%、CSFV 40%、PPV 20%、PRV 12%、PCV-2 27%。其中混合感染2种病毒的猪群为39%,感染2种病毒的猪为24%。用RT-PCR试剂盒对山西省11个地市66个猪场及121个散养户的1572份血样进行了PRRSV和CSFV的检测,结果PRRSV感染率为33%,CSFV感染率为46%。用间接血凝试验对61个县38个乡136个村179户的1593份血样进行了猪瘟免疫抗体的检测,平均合格率为43.9%,从而为防控此类疫病的发生,制定综合防制措施提供试验数据。     

Evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate between two genotypes of Porcine circovirus-2.

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is associated with several diseases in pigs, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). A new genotype of PCV-2 was isolated from swine farms with and without clinical PMWS in North America. The new genotype was differentiated in a separate cluster by phylogenetic analyses and is now named PCV-2b compared with PCV-2a for the previously known genotype. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay to detect and differentiate between PCV-2a and PCV-2b. Genotype-specific primer sets were designed by using sequence data published for different PCV-2 strains. Specificity and sensitivity of the nPCR were examined by using PCV-2 isolates with known genotype. Nested PCR was found to be highly specific and sensitive for detecting and differentiating between the PCV-2 genotypes compared with the conventional 1-step PCR assay. Nested PCR was applied to detect PCV-2 and to identify the genotype in serum samples from swine farms with and without a clinical history of PMWS. Of 60 serum samples collected from 4 farms during clinical PMWS outbreaks, PCV-2a and PCV-2b were detected in 6 and 49 samples, respectively. Six of the 10 samples from one of the 4 farms had both PCV-2a and PCV-2b. Of 20 serum samples from 2 farms without PMWS, 11 were positive for PCV-2a only. These results suggest that the differential nPCR can be used to detect PCV-2 and to differentiate the 2 genotypes from field samples.     

Porcine circovirus type 2 infection before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome on a pig farm in the UK

The presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and other pathogens before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PWMS) in pigs is evaluated in this study. At the time of the outbreak on a large commercial pig farm in the UK, serum samples and data were collected in two independent on-going research projects, one in weaned pigs and the other in sows. Serum samples of growing pigs and sows were PCV-2-antibody and PCR positive before and during the PMWS outbreak. Upon sequencing, PCV-2 isolates collected before the outbreak were identified as PCV-2a, and isolates collected during the outbreak were identified as PCV-2b, suggesting a shift of PCV-2 genotypes present on the farm. Pigs in the weaner study were from sows originating from different breeders and an association of sow origin and PCV-2 serostatus in offspring was found. Further, pigs had higher odds to be PCV-2 antigen positive if the sow was PCV-2 antibody positive around farrowing, the sow was of higher parity, and were less likely to test antigen positive if the sow was sourced from a particular breeder. The findings of this study highlight the potential role of the immune status of the sow on the occurrence of PMWS.     

猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒双重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

目的本研究旨在建立一种适用于临床样品和动物源性生物制品中猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒同时检测的双重PCR技术。方法针对猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的gE基因和猪细小病毒(PPV)的VP2基因的保守区域分别设计引物。结果经条件优化后,所建立的双重PCR方法能特异性地检测出样品中的PRV(581bp)和PPV(202bp)。结论本方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和稳定性,适用于临床样品中对PRV和PPV的同时检测,也可用于猪源性生物制品的检测。     

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada

Since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of Quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). To explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent PCV-2 strain could be infecting swine. In 2005, 13 PMWS cases were submitted to the Quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and PCV-2 was the only virus that could be found consistently by PCR in all 13 samples. The PCR detection results obtained for other viruses revealed the following: 61.5% were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, 30.8% for swine influenza virus, 15.4% for porcine parvovirus, 69.2% for swine torque teno virus (swTTV), 38.5% for swine hepatitis E virus (swHEV) and 84.6% for Mycoplasma hyorhinis; transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus (TGEV/PRCV) was not detected. Sequences of the entire genome revealed that these PCV-2 strains belonged to a genotype (named PCV-2b) that has never been reported in Canada. Further sequence analyses on 83 other Canadian PCV-2 positive cases submitted to the provincial diagnostic laboratory during years 2005 and 2006 showed that 79.5% of the viral sequences obtained clustered in the PCV-2b genotype. The appearance of the PCV-2b genotype in Canada may explain the death rate increase related to PMWS, but this relationship has to be confirmed.     

猪圆环病毒病研究进展

猪圆环病毒病是最近 1 0多年来才发现的一种新的猪病。研究表明 ,Ⅱ型猪圆环病毒 (PCV 2 )不仅是断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症 (PMWS)的病原 ,而且能够引起多种猪病。近年来 ,由PCV 2引起的疾病主要有PMWS、猪皮炎及肾病综合征、猪增生性坏死性肺炎等 ,另外 ,猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征、猪细小病毒、传染性先天性震颤等均与PCV 2感染有重要关联。随着规模化养殖业的不断发展 ,由PCV 2引起的疫病呈上升趋势 ,给全世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。为了探讨有效控制本病的方法 ,特对该病的病原学、流行病学、致病机理、诊断及防制措施的研究情况进行了综述     

Viral wasting syndrome of swine: experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic swine by coinfection with porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus

One-day-old gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intranasally with in vitro passaged porcine circovirus 1 (PCV-1), PCV-2, and porcine parvovirus (PPV) alone or in combination (PCV-1/PCV-2, PCV-1/PPV, and PCV-2/PPV). Piglets were evaluated for 1) the development of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), 2) distribution of viral antigens by immunochemistry, and 3) viremia and the presence of viral DNA in nasal and ocular secretions and feces. All single agent-infected piglets and piglets infected with PCV-1/PCV-2 or PCV-1/PPV were clinically asymptomatic. They were transiently viremic and seroconverted to homologous virus(es). At termination of the study on postinfection day (PID) 35, microscopic lesions were restricted to focal inflammatory cell infiltrates in livers and myocardia. One piglet given PCV-1/PPV was PPV viremic for 2 weeks after infection and had lymphangiectasia of the spiral and descending colon associated with granulomatous inflammation. All four PCV-2/PPV-inoculated piglets developed PMWS, characterized by sudden onset of depression and anorexia, icterus, and submucosal edema. One piglet became moribund on PID 27, and the remaining three piglets were euthanatized between PID 27 and PID 30 because of severe disease. Lymph nodes were small and the livers were mottled. Disseminated angiocentric granulomatous inflammation was present in all tissues examined except the brain. Multiple lightly basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were identified in macrophages and histiocytes. PCV-2 antigen was widely distributed within macrophages; PPV antigen was sparse. Hepatocellular necrosis and bile retention were prominent. PCV-2 DNA was identified in ocular, fecal, and nasal secretions. Terminal sera contained antibodies to PPV (4/4) and PCV-2 (3/ 4). Production of PMWS in gnotobiotic swine appears to require PCV-2 and additional infectious agents such as PPV for full disease expression in gnotobiotic piglets.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型与副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊断及病原分析

为确定河南开封某猪场发生猪呼吸系统疾病综合征（PRDC）的病原,本研究无菌采集病死保育猪肺脏、心脏和脾脏等组织样品,进行细菌学检验和药敏试验,通过PCR/RT-PCR检测样品中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪流感病毒（SIV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）和猪肺炎支原体（Mhp）等病原,并对核酸阳性病毒性病原的抗原结构基因进行测序和遗传演化分析。结果表明,通过细菌分离培养、形态观察、卫星现象观察和16S rRNA基因鉴定,从病死保育猪体内分离鉴定出1株副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）,药敏实验表明该菌株对对氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、头孢噻呋和四环素几种药物敏感。核酸检测PRRSV和PCV2核酸阳性,分别命名为PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019;进一步对PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019的结构基因分析发现,PRRSV/HN-2019与与NADC30分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于NADC30-like毒株;PCV2/HN11-2019与PCV-2d分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于PCV-2d分支。综上所述,本研究确定该猪场存在PRRSV、PCV2和Hps的混合感染,为该猪场下一步的PRDC有效防控提供了参考依据。     

Diagnosis and Pathogen Analysis of Mixed Infection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Haemophilus parasuis

To identify the causative agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) occurred at a pig farm in Kaifeng city,Henan province,we identified the potential causative bacteria of the morbid nursing piglets by bacterial test and drug sensitivity test of the clinical samples (lung,liver and spleen),and detected the common potential pathogens causing PRDC diseases by PCR and RT-PCR assays,including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),swine influenza virus (SIV),pseudorabies virus (PRV),classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp),and then sequcing and phylogenetic analysis of the structural gene of positive causative pathogens were carried out.The results showed that a Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) strain were isolated and identified by the observation of bacterial morphology and satellite phenomenon,and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene.The drug sensitivity test showed that the Hps strain was sensitive to ampicillin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ceftiofur and tetracycline.Meanwhile,PCR and RT-PCR assays indicated that all the samples were positive for PRRSV and PCV2,and named the involved strain as PRRSV/HN-2019 and PCV2/HN11-2019,respectively.Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 gene of the newly identified PRRSV revealed that the PRRSV/HN-2019 strain was closely related to the NADC30-like strains and grouped into NADC30-like genotype clade.And cap gene of the newly identified PCV2 strain the PCV2/HN11-2019 strain was closely related to the PCV-2d strains and grouped into PCV-2d genotype clade.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that the morbid piglets were co-infected with PRRSV,PCV2 and Hps,which provided a basis for the development of effective control strategies in the pig farm.     

广东省猪圆环病毒2型感染的血清学调查

为了解广东省猪群中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的感染情况,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对广东部分地区的764份不同年龄段的猪血清进行PCV-2抗体检测,对PCV-2与猪猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)混合感染情况做了进一步调查.结果表明,PCV-2抗体检测平均阳性率为61.91％(47...     

猪圆环病毒2型原位杂交检测技术的建立与应用

参照GenBank发表的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）ORF2基因序列设计引物，利用PCR扩增得到PCV2BF株341bp的核酸片段，用随机引物法制备出地高辛标记的核酸探针。制备的探针与PCV1、PRRSV、PPV、PRV等不发生反应，可检测的最低PCV2DNA含量为1．78Pg。对30份临床组织样本进行了检测，并与PCR比较，结果表明，阴性符合率为100％，阳性符合率为88．9％。应用原位杂交技术分析了PCV2在人工感染仔猪主要组织中的分布，结果表明，感染后3d，从仔猪的淋巴结、胸腺、肺脏、脾脏、鼻黏膜可检测到阳性信号，感染后21d，肝脏、肾脏、胰腺和回肠可检出阳性信号，至感染后42d，可从心脏、胃、脑检出阳性信号。在整个试验过程中会厌软骨、膀胱、皮肤、肌肉等组织均为阴性。本研究结果表明，建立的PCV2原位杂交技术具有良好的敏感性和特异性，可用于PCV2的实验室诊断和感染靶细胞的定位分析。     

华南地区猪圆环病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒检测分析

为了解华南地区猪圆环病毒及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的最新流行情况,采集了华南地区11个规模猪场各饲养阶段猪血清807份,用套式PCR(nPCR)检测猪圆环病毒1型(PCV-1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2);采集了若干猪场2010年1月至2011年8月期间有咳嗽、喘气、消瘦及疑似PDNS等临床症状的猪血清312份,以及无临床症状猪血清104份,以nPCR检测PCV-2,以一步法反转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒。结果发现,所调查的11个规模猪场中只有5个检出PCV-1,所有猪场均检出PCV-2。PCV-2阳性率为30.61%,而PCV-1阳性率仅为4.21%;经产母猪和7周龄以上保育猪PCV阳性率最高;有临床症状的猪血清PCV-2阳性率为58.65%,PRRSV阳性率为37.82%,PCV-2阳性猪群中有39.89%的猪同时感染PRRSV;有症状猪群7月～9月的PCV-2感染率最高,而1月～3月最低;无临床症状猪血清PCV-2阳性率为27.9%,PRRSV阳性率为0.96%,PCV-2与PRRSV无混合感染。证明PCV尤其是PCV-2在华南地区仍广泛传播并流行,而且PCV-2与PRRSV混合感染致病情况较多。PCV-2的感染率与季节有一定的相关性,种猪带毒情况严重。