三种杀螨药对离体兔疥螨的杀灭试验

兔疥螨病是由兔疥螨寄生于皮肤表皮内引起的一种外寄生虫病,具有高度接触性和传染性,能引起病兔发生剧痒以及各种类型的皮炎,严重影响家兔的生长发育,降低皮毛质量,严重时可引起死亡,给养兔业造成巨大的经济损失。临床上用于防治疥螨病的药物较多,如六六六、敌百虫、螨净、双甲     

印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的体外杀螨活性

将兔疥螨幼虫置于聚苯乙烯小平皿中，分别加入不同浓度的印楝油液体名蜡溶液，以天然除虫菊酯和阿维菌素为阳性对照，蒸馏水和液体石蜡为阴性对照，观察记录不同时间段的螨虫死亡数，以死亡率、半数致死时间（LT50）和半数致死浓度（LC50）为指标评价了印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的离体杀螨活性。结果显示，未稀释的印楝油能在25min内杀死所有幼螨，其杀螨活性显著强于500g／L的天然除虫菊酯（825min，P〈0．01），而与25g／L的阿维菌素无显著差异（19min，P〉0．05）；500、250和125mL／L印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫的LT50分别为1、2、5h；24h的LC50和LC95分别为2．908和12．018mL／L。结果证实，印楝油对兔疥螨幼虫具有较好的离体杀螨活性。     

四种药物对兔疥螨的离体杀灭试验及残效期观察

试验选择自然感染疥螨的病兔．采集病料，进行虫体分离与鉴定．应用4种不同的杀螨药物，进行了离体试验及药物残效期测定。结果表明：胺丙畏1：2000倍稀释(200μL／L浓度)．离体杀螨时问为126min，兔体残效保护期测定为65d，每吨药浴水成本为30元人民币；螨净1：1000倍稀释(250μL／L浓度)．离体杀螨时间为137min，兔体残效保护期测定为62d，每吨药浴水的成本为55元人民币。     

印楝油不同溶剂提取物对兔疥螨幼虫的离体效力试验

采用浸杀方式分别比较了印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物的杀螨活性,并测定了活性和得率高的溶剂提取物对兔疥螨幼虫的离体毒力,应用互补重对数模型对毒力测定数据进行分析。结果表明:印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物的得率分别为56.82%、25.36%和5.14%。印楝油石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯溶剂提取物都具有一定杀螨活性,其中石油醚提取物活性最高,氯仿和乙酸乙酯提取物活性相近。石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物对幼螨的毒力表现为:24 h半数致死浓度(median lethal concentration,LC50)分别为1.347 7,3.917 4μL/mL,500μL/mL的半数致死时间(median lethal time,LT50)为8.404 0 h和9.643 4 h。     

兔疥螨继发萄萄球菌病的诊治报告

兔葡萄球菌病和疥螨病都是兔的常见病。兔葡萄球菌病是由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的兔的一种常见传染病,以致死性败血症和组织器官化脓性炎症为特征,皮肤伤口感染是最常见的感染途径,哺乳仔兔也可经患病母兔的含菌乳汁而感染。疥螨病是由螨虫寄生在兔皮肤的一种外寄生虫病,特征是患部剧痒、兔体消瘦、皮肤结痂和脱毛,病兔由于剧痒,常啃咬、摩擦皮肤,造成皮肤破溃,     

丁酸钠对兔离体回肠运动的影响

试验研究了不同剂量（0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%）的丁酸钠对兔离体回肠运动性能（张力和频率）的影响,并探讨其对肠道平滑肌收缩的影响机制。结果表明,丁酸钠对兔离体回肠的收缩张力及收缩频率均有显著地促进作用（P〈0.05）,并且剂量越大促进作用越明显。试验结果还表明丁酸钠对兔离体回肠的收缩活动的促进作用与丁酸钠对肠道pH的影响无关。     

pH值和温度对饲用复合酶活力的影响

以稻草为主要原料,利用好食脉孢菌进行固态发酵产饲用复合酶,通过试验研究了pH值和温度对饲用复合酶活力的影响。试验结果表明,饲用复合酶在pH值3.0～5.5,温度30～40℃的条件下稳定性最好。     

"消炎醌"抗腹泻作用及对兔离体肠管的影响

“消炎醌”是从甘西鼠尾草的根中提取分离的生物活性成分，经临床用于羊、猪的腹泻治疗，有较好疗效。为了探讨其抗腹泻作用及其机制，采用给小白鼠灌服番泻叶煎剂造成腹泻模型，再灌服“消炎醌”及同剂量的生理盐水的方法，观察小白鼠的腹泻情况；描记兔离体肠管蠕动波，观察药物对蠕动波的影响。结果：灌服０．６ｍＬ／只组与对照组比较呈显著性差异；兔离体肠管描记显示，它能明显抑制肠蠕动。     

大承气汤及组分对兔离体十二指肠张力影响的比较

大承气汤由大黄、厚朴、枳实、芒硝四味药组成，用于阳阴热结之证。目前研究证明大承气汤具有泻热、通便、抗菌、排毒、解痉、增加胃肠道蠕动及胃肠道容积、改善胃肠道血液循环和降低毛细血管通透性等作用，可用于治疗多种疾病，尤其是实热结甚，腹气阻闭，患畜可任攻伐者，皆可用大承气汤而取效。笔者旨在进一步观察大承气汤及各组分对兔离体十二指肠张力的影响，比较大承气汤和其各组分作用特点，为临床用药提供实验依据。     

对兔疥螨有杀灭作用的植物化学成分的研究进展

<正>疥螨病通常是指由疥螨科疥螨属的疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei)寄生于人和其他哺乳动物皮肤表皮内,引起称为疥疮(又称疥癣、癞病)的一种顽固、接触性、传染性皮肤病。该病以剧痒、结痂、脱毛和皮肤增厚、患部逐渐向周围扩展和具有高度的传染     

The effects of temperature and humidity on the off-host survival of Psoroptes ovis and Psoroptes cuniculi.

The effects of both temperature and humidity on the survival of the mites Psoroptes ovis and Psoroptes cuniculi were considered in laboratory assays. When P. ovis and P. cuniculi were maintained at 95% humidity, maximum survival decreased linearly with increasing temperature, from approximately 15 days at 9 degrees C to 5 days at 30 degrees C. There was no significant difference between P. ovis and P. cuniculi in the effects of temperature on maximum survival. Adult male P. ovis and P. cuniculi had lower mean maximum survival than any of the other life cycle stages. There was a small but significant effect of humidity on survival for P. cuniculi; LT50 values were greater at 75-85% r.h. than at 55-65% r.h. The influence of off-host survival and the infestation of naive sheep from mites in the environment on the epidemiology of sheep scab are discussed.     

Experimental sarcoptes scabiei infestation in pigs: (2) Effects on production.

A study on the development and effect of experimental Sarcoptes scabiei var suis infestations in growing pigs is described. Pigs were infested at either weekly or fortnightly intervals throughout each experimental and individual growth rates and feed conversion ratios were determined. The animals were fed diets which contained either optimal or sub-optimal levels of protein. They were housed either intensively or extensively. In all experiments the majority of infested animals developed a generalised hypersensitivity to sarcoptes mites and performed significantly less efficiently than non-infested littermates. Mean growth rates were depressed from 9.2 to 12.5 per cent and feed conversion efficiencies by a similar margin. Well fed, intensively housed pigs developed a more severe hypersensitivity reaction than poorly fed, extensively housed pigs.     

The efficacy of selamectin in the treatment of naturally acquired infestations of sarcoptes scabiei on dogs

Selamectin, a novel avermectin, was evaluated for its effect on naturally occurring infestations of Sarcoptes scabiei in 42 dogs. In two controlled and masked laboratory studies conducted in the USA and Italy, infested dogs received treatment with either selamectin (6mgkg(-1); range: 6-12mgkg(-1)) or the vehicle only (negative control). Treatments were administered topically to the skin on each animal's back at the base of the neck in front of the scapulae. Study day 0 was defined as the first day of treatment administration. Dogs were treated on days 0 and 30, and efficacy was assessed by counting viable mites recovered from skin scrapings performed on each dog on days 14, 29 or 30, 44, and 60, and by categorising the clinical signs of canine scabies on the same days. Percentage reductions in geometric mean mite counts for selamectin, compared with vehicle, on days 14, 29 or 30, 44, and 60 were > or =98.1, > or =93.5, 100, and 100%, respectively. Analysis of variance, confirmed by Savage Scores, showed that ln(mite counts+1) values for selamectin-treated dogs were significantly lower (P< or =0.0391) than those for vehicle-treated dogs on all post-treatment assessment days. Clinical signs of scabies were markedly reduced in selamectin-treated dogs, compared with vehicle-treated dogs. Topical administration to the skin in a single spot of a single unit dose of selamectin, or of two unit doses given 1 month apart, each providing at least the recommended minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1), was highly effective against naturally acquired infestations of S. scabiei in dogs, reducing mite counts by >93% (single dose) and 100% (two doses).     

Dot-ELISA检测兔疥螨抗体方法的建立和应用

将从病兔痂皮内收集的疥螨经研磨、冻融、离心后,制成可溶性抗原,作为诊断抗原,建立Dot-ELISA方法检测兔疥螨血清抗体.研究确定了该方法的最佳工作条件.制备的诊断膜片特异性强,不与兔瘟病毒、兔大肠埃希菌、兔附红细胞体等阳性血清反应.膜片具有良好的灵敏性,高免血清作1∶210稀释亦能检出;重复性试验表明该法重复性良好.诊断膜片在4 ℃保存5个月其检测活性不变.结果表明,建立的Dot-ELISA可用于免疥螨抗体的检测.     

Acaricidal activity of extract from Eupatorium adenophorum against the Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro

The possible acaricidal activity of Eupatorium adenophorum was analyzed using extracts created by water decocting, ethanol thermal circumfluence, and steam distillation. The toxic effect of each extract was tested against Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro. Ethanol thermal circumfluence extract had strong toxicity against mites, killing all S. scabiei at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml (w/v) concentration, while 1g/ml extract was also found to kill all P. cuniculi within a 4-h period. Similarly, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml concentration of extract had strong toxicity against S. scabiei, with median lethal time (LT(50)) values at 0.866, 0.785 and 0.517 h, respectively. 0.5 g/ml and 1g/ml showed strong acaricidal action against P. cuniculi; the LT(50) values were 0.93 h and 1.29 h, respectively. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) values were 0.22 g/ml for Scabies mite and 0.64 g/ml for P. cuniculi in 1h. The results indicated that E. adenophorum contains potent acaricidal ingredients; as a first step in the potential development of novel drugs, it may provide new acaricidal compounds for the effective control of animal acariasis.     

紫花苜蓿青贮过程中pH值和营养物质变化规律

本试验研究了不同温度下紫花苜蓿青贮过程中理化性状和青贮料营养品质的变化规律.试验采用裂区设计,温度为主区,不同青贮时间为副区.将萎蔫30 h,干物质含量为37%的紫花苜蓿快速切割、压紧,填装于1 000 mL的广口容量瓶,置于3个人工气候培养箱,温度分别设置为20,30和40℃.结果表明,pH值随着温度升高和青贮天数的延长,呈明显的下降趋势;40℃青贮能够较快地降低pH值,并达到最终较低的pH值;不同温度处理对紫花苜蓿青贮料粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);但随着pH值降低,CP含量呈现增加的趋势,而NDF含量则呈现下降的趋势,ADF含量随着pH值下降无明显的变化规律.研究结果说明40℃较20和30℃更利于紫花苜蓿青贮.     

丁香酚对兔痒螨超微结构和酶活性的影响

为了探讨丁香酚的杀螨机制,进行了丁香酚对离体兔瘁螨(Psoroptes cuniculi)的亚细胞结构、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)及Ca2+-ATP酶活性影响试验.结果表明,质量浓度60 mg/mL的丁香酚处理兔痒螨36、72、108、144、180 min时,供试螨MAO、GSTs和Ca2+-ATP酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);在108、144、180 min时,供试螨AChE活性显著降低(P＜0.05),180 min时,供试螨细胞核膜肿胀、核染色质固缩,线粒体、高尔基复合体空泡化,内质网断裂、扭曲,肌纤维横纹模糊不清.说明丁香酚可能通过影响兔痒螨的神经系统、运动系统及能量代谢等多种靶标而发挥杀螨作用,丁香酚有望开发为一种新型高效杀螨剂.     

用伊维菌素治疗山羊疥螨病的报告

广西某乡供销社饲养山羊45只，1999年冬全群发生疥螨，死亡64只，经用伊维菌素注射液，成年羊0.4mL/只，羔羊0.2mL/只皮下注射，隔6日重复1次，15日后大部分好转，未愈部分再用阿福丁1次，全群痊愈。     

Acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively.