桉树主要食叶害虫防治技术研究进展

介绍了我国桉树主要食叶害虫的种类和发生情况,描述了茶尺蛾、油桐尺蛾及同安钮夜蛾三种桉树主要食叶害虫的生物学特性,并从营林措施、化学防治、生物防治及林间施药技术等方面对桉树主要食叶害虫防治技术进行了探讨。     

桉树食叶害虫暴发成灾原因及防控对策探析

分析了桉树食叶害虫的发生种类、暴发成灾原因,提出了合理营林抚育、加强防控意识、加强监控预报、积极探索措施的防控对策,旨在为探索防控桉树食叶害虫的有效技术提供参考依据。     

桉树油桐尺蛾生物学特性及防治策略

阐述了油桐尺蛾作为桉树主要食叶害虫的危害情况及其生物学特性,并从营林措施、化学防治、生物防治及林间施药技术等方面对危害桉树油桐尺蛾的防治技术进行了探讨。     

桉树幼林主要害虫防治技术的研究

于１９９１－１９９７年，对广东省桉树的主要害虫进行了研究。针对桉树害虫的为害时间集中在每年的４－６月份和主要为害当年营造的幼林这一特点，对食叶害虫采取以林业措施为主；对地下害虫采取林业措施和化学防治并举的策略。在桉树林内套种菠萝或营造混交林，可有效地防治印度黄脊蝗柠檬桉袋蛾只为害柠檬桉幼林，在虫灾区只要改种其它桉树即可控制该虫发委；     

桉树食叶害虫发生现状分析

在广东河源市、潮州市等地桉树林设定固定样地和临时样地调查了桉树食叶害虫的主要种类及其天敌资源、空间分布、危害程度与发生规律。结果表明:鳞翅目食叶害虫种类有17种,其中曲线纷夜蛾Polydesma boarmoides Guenée和南大蓑蛾Eumeta variegate Snellen为优势种;天敌有叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)、螟蛉悬茧姬蜂Charops bicolor(Szepligeti)、小绒茧蜂Apanteles cirphicola Bhatnagar、广斧螳Hierodula patellifera(Serville)、黄带犀猎蝽Sycanus croceovittatus Dohrn、七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata L.、蜘蛛、老爷树蛙Litoria caerulea White、拟黑多刺蚁Polyrhachis vicina Roger等9种;食叶害虫幼虫在树冠上呈均匀分布;南大蓑蛾在广东潮州地区造成极重度危害,危害面积约达3000hm2,曲线纷夜蛾为首次发现取食危害桉树叶片,在广东河源地区造成重度危害,危害面积约达1000hm2,油桐尺蛾Buzura suppressaria Guenée和小用克尺蛾Jankowskia fuscaria(Leech)为中度危害,危害面积约达500hm2,其他食叶害虫没有成灾;5月为食叶害虫发生小高峰期,8月为高峰期,其他月份没有发生或少量发生,食叶害虫的发生与温度、降水量等气象因子密切相关。     

休宁县林木食叶害虫危害现状及防控措施

林木食叶害虫是危害休宁县林木健康的最主要害虫。本文根据休宁县近十多年来林木食叶害虫危害情况与特点,阐述了林木食叶害虫科学防控的具体做法与经验,对该地区林木食叶害虫的可持续控制有较好的指导意义。     

我国桉树害虫种类调查

我国已发现食桉树的昆虫共２０７种,隶属于１０目５０科,其中分布在东洋区的有１４９种,占７１．９８％;跨区系分布的５８种,占２８．０２％。桉树原产于澳大利亚,我国未发现桉树原产地的害虫,因此,必须对桉树害虫实施检疫。     

汪清林区天然林食叶害虫危害与林分的关系

为探讨汪清林区天然林中食叶害虫危害与林分特征的关系,在林区选取了针叶林、针阔混交林以及阔叶混交林3种类型林分共36块临时样地,比较了不同类型林分的食叶害虫为害率,分析了食叶害虫危害与立地条件、林分特征的关系.结果表明:不同林分间的食叶害虫为害率存在显著的差异,多重比较显示,食叶害虫为害率在林分间差异非常明显,即阔叶混交林＞针阔混交林＞针叶林;食叶害虫为害率与针叶树比例呈极显著的负相关,与林木Simpson指数呈极显著的正相关,与林木Shannon-Wiener指数呈极显著的正相关,同时食叶害虫为害率与林分郁闭度的关系显著.汪清林区天然林中食叶害虫危害格局符合“联合易感性”假说.     

北方地区园林植物主要食叶害虫的综合防治技术

文章对北方地区园林植物食叶害虫的常见种类和危害特点作了简要描述,并提出了园林植物食叶害虫的综合防治建议,为园林植物食叶害虫的综合治理,提供一定的参考。     

镇江市杨树食叶害虫发生情况及防治措施

为了解镇江市杨树食叶害虫的主要种类和发生情况,从2013—2016年采用踏查结合灯诱的方法连续调查了杨树食叶害虫的种类、发生范围及发生面积。结果显示:镇江市杨树食叶害虫以鳞翅目昆虫为主,其中以舟蛾科害虫发生面积最广。2013年镇江市杨树食叶害虫累计发生6 860 hm2,其中重度发生800 hm2。2013年之后,分别采取树干打孔注药、叶面喷药和释放天敌昆虫相结合的综合措施,取得了较为显著的防治效果,镇江市杨树食叶害虫发生面积大幅度下降,从2014年到2016年,镇江市杨树食叶害虫发生面积未出现大幅波动。     

佳多频振式杀虫灯诱杀杨树食叶害虫初报

应用佳多频振式杀虫灯诱杀杨树害虫,18盏灯99d共诱杀害虫73 365头,平均日捕量744.1头.其中杨树食叶害虫有5种,他们是杨小舟蛾、蓝目天蛾、铜绿丽金龟、大云鳃金龟和暗黑鳃金龟.共诱到54 780头.     

南京市公园植物病虫害调查分析及防治建议

对南京市9家公园植物病虫害发生危害情况进行了全面调查,共发现对植物造成危害的虫害38种,病害18种,其中食叶害虫7种,刺吸式害虫26种,蛀干害虫5种。多种病虫害在公园内发生普遍,且危害严重。季节气候及植物配置与养护管理对病虫害的发生影响较大。     

Predicting abundance and productivity of blueberry plants under insect defoliation in Alaska

Unprecedented outbreaks of defoliating insects severely damaged blueberry crops near Port Graham on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska from 2008-2012. The Native people in this region rely heavily on gathered blueberries and other foods for sustenance and nourishment. Influences of topography and stand structure on blueberry abundance and fruiting were examined and used to develop spatial models to predict abundance and productivity of blueberry plants. Fruiting was associated with decreased canopy density, a low basal area and southwesterly aspects. Stands with relatively high site indices have greater abundance of blueberry plants, while the opposite trend was observed with productivity. Results demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the abundance and productivity of blueberry plants using easily obtained satellite imagery in conjunction with a well-organized field data collection system.     

Three new and important insect pests recorded for the first time in Colombian plantations

Subsequent to 1950, commercially propagated and non-native trees, including Pinus, Eucalyptus and Cupressus species in Colombian plantations, have been damaged by several native defoliating insects, residing mainly in the Lepidoptera (Geometridae), Phasmatodea (Heteronemiidae) and the Hymenoptera (Formicidae). We report on the relatively recent appearance of three important and damaging new insect pests of plantation-grown Pinus and Eucalyptus spp. in Colombia, two of which are not native to this country. These include Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae), Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Pineus boerneri (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). This report provides information on the basic biology of these new pests, their hosts, areas of occurrence, likely origin and prospects for their management in the future.     

Predicting crown damage to Eucalyptus grandis by Paropsis atomaria with direct and indirect measures of leaf composition

A genetic basis for variation in resistance to defoliating insects within Eucalyptus species has been identified in many studies. This variation has frequently been ascribed to variation in secondary metabolites but studies investigating variation in resistance to defoliation by paropsine chrysomelids have failed to correlate foliar chemistry with resistance. We found that the extent of crown damage due to defoliation by Paropsis atomaria (Chrysomelidae: Colepoptera) in two matched progeny trials of Eucalyptus grandis was a heritable trait that exhibited a strong correlation with provenance latitude. Despite this, neither foliar nitrogen or concentrations of a recently discovered group of compounds, formylated phloroglucinol compounds, could account for significant variation in defoliation. We also investigated whether defoliation in the field could be predicted from foliar near-infrared reflectance spectra. Such an approach takes into account all compositional variation simultaneously rather than relying on a restricted number of measured traits. Modified partial least squares regression models performed poorly in predicting variation in crown defoliation between trees within a site primarily due to the high level of variability and coarseness of the calibration data. Discriminant analyses however demonstrated a consistent difference between spectra from trees in families suffering low level defoliation from families more susceptible to defoliation by P. atomaria suggesting chemical differences between the two groups are important in determining resistance to this insect.     

文山松毛虫生命表组建及幼虫食叶量测定

在云南松人工林中选择9株样株,对文山松毛虫第1代4 500粒卵加以标记,经过幼虫、蛹和成虫不同虫期的存亡状况的跟踪观测,获取不同虫期的存活率,组建自然种群生命表。由生命表得出,文山松毛虫第1代种群数量在很大程度上受外界环境条件制约,整个世代死亡率高达99.87％。通过30头第1代幼虫室外套笼饲养、食叶量测定的结果表明幼虫期单虫的总食叶量为4842cm;不同龄期幼虫的单虫食叶量不同,1-3龄较少(为601cm)、5龄最多(为1 589cm),6龄次之(为1 311cm),5～6龄为暴阶段。生命表组建和食叶量测定,为可持续控制文山松毛虫危害提供了依据。     

富岗绿色苹果生产中灯诱防虫效应研究

为了减少化学农药的使用，连续4a进行了灯诱防虫效应研究。结果表明：连续4a黑光灯诱杀，不仅使果园昆虫总量减少，还使全年不同时期的虫量趋于稳定；连年灯诱改变了果园昆虫的群落结构，使害虫比例由99．99％下降到了97．20％，益虫比例由0．01％上升到了2．8％，昆虫群落趋于平衡；灯诱使苹果园主要害虫种类有了很大改变，增加了昆虫多样性；通过灯诱，掌握了各种重要害虫的发生发展动态，起到了良好的监测和防治指导作用；在益虫的活动高峰期，停开黑光灯，起到了良好的调控作用；此外，灯诱具有良好的直接防虫作用。     

昆虫化学信息物质概述

昆虫化学信息物质以其微量i高效、无污染、与农药兼容等特点而成为当前世界各国昆虫学家研究的热点问题，它们的应用范围非常广泛，本文对昆虫化学信息物质的概念进行了综述，阐述了其包含的种类的相互关系和相应的概念以及在农、林业害虫领域中的应用效果，展望了昆虫化学信息物质的发展前景。     

刺槐尺蠖防治指标的研究

经过对刺槐的蓄叶量、叶面积、刺槐尺蠖食叶量、人工模拟摘叶对刺槐生长量影响等因子的调查分析,得出胸径D与刺槐蓄叶量M之间的关系式为M=135265．73 ＋ 13949．41D（相关系数r=0．976）,刺槐叶面积与鲜重（长宽平均值）的关系：S=0．096W - 0．086（r=0．986）,S=1．99L - 0．68（r=0．988）,刺槐尺蠖幼虫期平均每头损叶量为295．45cm^2,根据CT=M＊H／Q（1-R）关系式,计算出不同径阶刺槐树的刺槐尺蠖的防治指标。     

通道绿化林主要害虫及防治技术研究

对余姚市通道绿化林害虫的调查研究结果显示,重要绿化林带上的害虫共有318种,隶属于5目62科240属,其中有6种主要害虫：杨扇舟蛾、茶袋蛾、山东广翅蜡蝉、矩瘤蛎蚧、樟白轮盾蚧、红蜡蚧。防治强化预测预报集营林技术、生物与化学药剂的综合治理措施,能有效抑制通道绿化林虫害的发生。