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应用B超观察山羊早期胚胎和生殖器官的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
选择经过同期发情处理的10只波尔山羊与睢宁白山羊的杂交二代山羊,配种后33天用带5MHz探头的ULTRA SCAN 900B型超声波扫描仪进行早期妊娠诊断,采用直肠探察与体外探察结合的方法,连续监测3天,观察山羊的子宫,卵巢以及胎儿,根据是否出现胎体和胎儿搏动来判断妊娠。有4只山羊出现胎心搏动和胎体,另外6只山羊呈未孕子宫状态。 相似文献
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热休克现象是1962年R itossa首先在果蝇幼虫动物试验中发现的。试验发现,果蝇唾液腺染色体在过热环境中会发生形态改变。此现象与细胞中一类特殊蛋白质———热休克蛋白(Heat shock protein,HSP)的合成有关,因其最先在热休克现象中发现而得以命名。热休克蛋白除了因热休克刺激产生以外,还有很多因素(如缺氧、低温、氧化反应、化学物质、各种重金属、放射线、某些线粒体呼吸链抑制剂及某些药物等)都可以诱导产生,因此热休克蛋白又称为应激蛋白质(stress protein)。HSP70和HSP90是分子质量分别在70,90 ku左右的热休克蛋白,是热休克蛋白家… 相似文献
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奶牛早期胚胎死亡是奶牛不孕症的重要原因之一。发生在奶牛等家畜的胚胎死亡是繁殖率降低和造成经济损失的重要原因,因为胚胎死亡可延长产犊间隔,并且还可因胚胎死亡或隐性流产后不易发现而错过下一个情期。奶牛在一次配种或授精后大约有90%的卵子可以受精,但却只有约55%的牛产续,也就是说,在整个妊娠过程中约有35%的受精卵损失,其中约28%的损失发生在受精后的25天内,特别是17天前,主要发生在配种后8~17天,另有7%的损失发生在胚胎晚期或以后的其它时间。引起奶牛早期胚胎死亡的原因很复杂,其具体机理还没有搞清楚,但是近年… 相似文献
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杨富宇 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2017,(4)
妊娠母猪早期胚胎存活是众多因素精细调节的过程。大量研究也证实了能量对早期胚胎存活有影响。日粮能量水平可能通过改变生殖激素以及代谢激素的分泌和代谢来影响早期胚胎的生长发育。本文就日粮能量水平对胚胎存活的影响及可能的调节途径做一综述。 相似文献
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对胚胎因素影响奶牛体外受精胚胎培养效果进行了研究。结果发现,在胚胎因素中,胚胎类型(冻胚和鲜胚)与胚胎发育阶段对胚胎培养效果没有显著影响(P>0.05);冷冻胚胎解冻后停留时间对胚胎培养效果影响极显著(P<0.01);冷冻胚胎解冻后胚胎等级对胚胎培养效果影响显著(P<0.05),解冻后A级胚胎存活率(80%,128/160)、囊胚孵化率(58.75%,94/160)显著高于B级胚胎存活率(59.38%,95/160)和囊胚孵化率(37.5%,60/160)(P<0.05);解冻水浴温度(20℃、30℃)对培养效果有极显著影响(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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母体免疫因素与早期胚胎死亡 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
母体免疫识别失败是引起早期胚胎死亡的主要原因。一些参与正常妊娠活动的免疫细胞,如自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞及中性白细胞等的过量集结或活性加强可引起早期胚胎死亡。肿瘤坏死因子、干扰素γ、白细胞介素-2等细胞因子的过量表达亦可导致早期胚胎死亡。原癌基因AP-1家族、ras家族及v-erbA、v-abl、c-myc等的表达量增加可引起巨噬细胞或淋巴细胞的活化,而参与早期胚胎死亡过程。 相似文献
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引起胚胎早期死亡的因素很多。如配子发生过程中的潜在异常、胚胎内在缺陷、母胎识别建立的失败、母体环境异常等。本文从配子发生、胚胎发生、母胎关系建立、母体环境等方面对胚胎早期死亡的因素进行分析。 相似文献
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采用血清酸滴定法对配种后16 d~45 d的1 008头不同品种的母牛进行了早期妊娠诊断研究,检出妊娠牛764头,未妊娠牛244头;与直肠检查结果对比,妊娠符合率为90.31%(690/764),未孕符合率为93.03%(227/244),总符合率为90.97%(917/1008).对3种不同品种牛试验结果经3组间及两组间卡方检验统计分析,无显著差异(P>0.05).表明血清酸滴定法用于牛的早孕诊断具有诊断时间早、方法简便、结果准确等优点,宜于在基层推广. 相似文献
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旨在通过胚胎附植前、后的山羊子宫角组织高通量测序筛选妊娠早期胚胎附植的关键基因。本研究选取2~4岁体重相近((44.76±3.49)kg)的经产努比亚母山羊16只,在同期发情-人工输精配种后的第15(D15)和第30天(D30)分别随机选取3只羊颈动脉放血处死。采集子宫角组织利用Illumina HiSeq进行高通量转录组测序(RNA-Seq),筛选差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)并对DEGs进行功能注释,基因功能查询进一步筛选与胚胎附植直接相关的调控基因,荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对筛选的基因进行表达量验证分析。D15和D30子宫角组织转录本比较分析发现了 2 000个DEGs,其中上调基因620个,下调基因1 380个。GO功能聚类分析共分为3大类52组,其中细胞组分17组,生物过程23组,分子功能12组,获得细胞连接与增殖,生物粘附与调节,分子活性与转导等重要生物途径。以D15表达量高低为排序标准,从表达量最高的10个基因中筛选出了与胚胎附植有关的基因MGP和TAGLN;从上调和下调幅度最大的前10个差异表达基因中,获得参与妊娠相关糖蛋白合成与分泌的基因PAG-3、PAG-8、PAG-12,参与生长因子结合与生长激素释放激素受体活性相关基因GHRHR和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白基因IGFBP1。qRT-PCR结果显示,随机选取的6个基因在D15和D30子宫角中表达变化趋势与RNA-Seq结果一致。获得的基因MGP、TAGLN、PAG-3、PAG-8、PAG-12、GHRHR、IGFBP1在努比亚山羊胚胎附植中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Aly KAREN árpád Csaba BAJCSY Rosa MINOIA Rezs? KOVáCS Noelita Melo DE SOUSA Jean-Fran?ois BECKERS János TIBOLD István MáDL Ottó SZENCI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(2):162-167
The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of progesterone (P4),
bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (bPAG-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels with late
embryonic (LEM; day 28 to day 42) and early fetal mortalities (EFM; > day 42 to day 56)
in dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasonography (6–8 MHz) was performed in 100
Holstein-Friesian cows at days 28, 42 and 56 after artificial insemination (AI; day 0) to
diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the fate of the embryo. After ultrasound scanning of
each cow, a milk sample was collected for assessment of P4 by an ELISA test and a blood
sample was collected for assessment of bPAG-1, by using a double-antibody
radioimmunoassay, and serum NO metabolites (nitrate + nitrite). Based on ultrasonographic
examinations and bPAG-1-RIA, 41 of 100 inseminated cows were confirmed pregnant at day 28
after AI. Nine cows suffered of LEM, and 6 cows suffered of EFM and the overall pregnancy
loss rate was 36.6% (15/41) between days 28 and 56 of pregnancy. By logistic regression
analysis, there were no significant relationships between the level of P4 and bPAG-1 at
day 28 after AI and the occurrence of LEM and EFM. Also, there were no significant
relationships between the levels of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 42 and the occurrence of EFM. On
the other hand, a significant relationship (P<0.05) was found between NO level at day
28 and the occurrence of LEM. In conclusion, measurement of the serum NO concentration at
day 28 of pregnancy might help to predict the outcome of pregnancy by day 42 in dairy cows
but further studies are needed to confirm this. 相似文献
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旨在研究日粮补充棕榈酸对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素水平的影响。本研究选用体重((598.49±30.98)kg)、胎次(2~4胎)、泌乳时期(产犊15~37天)和泌乳量((20.76±3.32)kg)相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛30头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮上补充2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸,每组设10个重复,每个重复1头牛,试验期为60d。在试验开始和结束时采集奶样和血液样品,测定乳成分,同时测定血液生化指标和激素浓度。结果表明:1)3个处理组之间的日均干物质采食量、初始产奶量、饲料效率、初始乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳非脂固形物率和乳糖含量和初始的游离脂肪酸、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)浓度以及胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,2.0%和4.0%棕榈酸组显著提高产奶量、标准乳(FCM)产量和试验后乳脂率、葡萄糖、胰岛素和IGF-1浓度(P<0.05),显著降低试验后乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度(P<0.05)。3)2.0%与4.0%棕榈酸组之间的产奶量、FCM、乳蛋白、乳非脂固形物率、乳糖、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、游离脂肪酸、IGF-1、胰岛素、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,日粮补充2.0%或4.0%棕榈酸可通过调节泌乳早期奶牛体内激素分泌,使酮体生成量减少,提高产奶量,改善乳品质。本试验条件下,综合考虑效果最佳剂量为日粮补充2.0%棕榈酸。 相似文献
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Prospective long‐term evaluation of parenteral hydroxocobalamin supplementation in juvenile beagles with selective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome) 下载免费PDF全文
Peter Hendrik Kook C. E. Reusch M. Hersberger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(3):1033-1040
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Enhanced Erythrocytic Lipid Peroxides and Reduced Plasma Ascorbic Acid,and Alteration in Blood Trace Elements Level in Dairy Cows with Mastitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oxidative stress has been associated in several inflammatory conditions and incriminated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. However, little information is available on the status of plasma antioxidant levels, essential components of important antioxidant enzymes such as copper, zinc and selenium in blood, and the end product of oxidative damage to the erythrocytic polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammatory udder conditions. Blood samples were collected from three groups of dairy cows, with 21 in each group: animals with healthy udder, clinical mastitis, and subclinical mastitis. These animals were randomly selected from a herd on the basis of the California mastitis test, somatic cell count and total bacterial count. The mean plasma ascorbic acid concentration was significantly lower in cows with subclinical (p = 0.004) and clinical mastitis (p = 0.000) and the erythrocytic lipid peroxide levels were significantly (p = 0.000) higher in clinical mastitis as compared to controls. There was a significant decrease in mean blood zinc concentration in subclinical (p = 0.005) and clinical mastitis (p = 0.000), but an increase in mean blood copper level in the clinical mastitis group. It was concluded that the blood antioxidant status declines in inflammatory udder conditions, suggesting that incorporation of antioxidants may help in better management of mastitis in dairy cows. 相似文献