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沼气发电是大型沼气池建设和沼气综合利用发展到一定阶段后应运而生的一项集环保和节能于一体的能源综合利用新技术,在发达国家已受到广泛重视和积极推广,在国内起步至今也有30多年的历史了,但对它的研究和应用都还有待进一步深入完善,特别是与当前我国猪场粪污治理相结合的得失值得思考。笔者对5家获得国家大型沼气建设项目的规模猪场的粪污治理和沼气发电情况进行了现场调查,发现猪场沼气发电产生的高浓度沼液可能造成环境更为严重的污染,猪场利用沼气发电与猪场粪污治理的导向存在相对差异,而且沼气发电投入大,生产与维持成本高,得失利弊需要权衡。 相似文献
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畜禽养殖场污染防治技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正>第三讲沼气利用技术近年来, 规模化畜禽养殖业产生的粪尿污水集中排放,给社会环境带来了极大压力。沼气开发及综合利用技术, 就是以畜禽粪便的资源化和无害化利用为目的,以沼气生产为纽带,集能源、养殖和种植为一体的生产模式。沼气可用于生产生活用能;沼液可用于作物的叶面喷施、土地灌溉;沼渣清运到干粪贮存场所,无害化处理后还田或制作有机肥料。 相似文献
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正对于大型猪场粪污处理系统工程的建设,以河北京安瑞能环境科技有限公司为例,其处理模式在于:猪场粪污通过提升井进入预处理系统,粪污浓度2%,经初步处理后进入厌氧发酵罐,制出沼气进入双膜储气柜,通过脱硫、脱水、增压进行发电,并入国家电网。发电机余热回收用于发酵罐增温。其养农有机肥厂的原料来源于公司沼气综合利用项目产生的沼渣和沼液。沼肥中包 相似文献
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猪场污水处理与综合利用技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(10)
猪场污水处理与综合利用可分为沼气(厌氧)-还田利用、沼气(厌氧)-自然处理、沼气(厌氧)-好氧处理3个模式。本文对各个模式的功能定位、关键技术环节及制约因素进行了分析。3个模式的核心是沼气发酵,主要问题是升温困难,冬季处理和产气效率低。其中,沼气(厌氧)-还田利用模式的关键是土地承载能力、沼渣沼液的储存、运行距离和适用标准;沼气(厌氧)-自然处理的关键是所需的面积和越冬;沼气(厌氧)-好氧处理模式的关键问题是沼液好氧处理效果差,针对这个问题,目前开发了"厌氧-加原水、间歇曝气工艺"和"基于浓稀分流的猪场粪污处理工艺",前者解决了沼液好氧处理效果差的问题,后者不仅解决了沼液好氧处理效果差的问题,而且可以提高猪场污水沼气发酵冬季产气效率。猪场污水处理利用首先应因地制宜选择合适的模式,其次应准确把握不同模式的关键技术、管理环节,寻找合理的解决办法与措施。 相似文献
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采用自主创新技术,建立多体连通式USR设施系统,解决养猪场粪尿污水无害化处理和资源化综合利用等问题,生产的“三沼”应用在猪场保温、农场生活能源、鳗鱼苗池保温、果园有机质肥施用等农业产业上,形成了“生猪养殖一粪便一沼气一沼气综合应用一无公害农产品生产”循环链。不仅可以改善养殖场的生态环境,提高生产力,还为发展生态农业、生产有机农产品提供了优质高效、无公害有机肥,构建了大型养猪场污染物资源化利用及产业循环经济建设模式。介绍了养猪场大型沼气池配套建设项目的建设内容、工艺流程及技术应用。 相似文献
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粪污处理模式的选择是影响猪场可持续性发展的重要因素之一,文章对国内规模化猪场粪尿清理、污水处理、末端还田利用等环节进行了系统阐述,对比分析了不同粪尿清理及污水处理方式下还田利用的效果及投资运行成本。规模化猪场污水处理首选种养结合模式,当污水不具备资源化利用条件时可选择达到农田灌溉标准的经济、高效污水处理模式。对于用于农田灌溉用水的污水处理,从投资和运行成本考虑优先选择水泡粪+污水预处理+UASB+A/O模式,土地资源不足情况下选择干清粪+污水预处理+UASB+A/O处理模式。采用沼液还田时,若配套土地面积充足,可选择水泡粪+污水预处理+黑膜沼气处理模式,配套土地面积不足时选择干清粪+污水预处理+黑膜沼气处理模式。 相似文献
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为了推进畜禽养殖场粪尿的无害化处理与资源化利用,试验设置了不施用氮肥的空白对照组(CK)、常规施肥组(CF)和N20%(N2)、N40%(N4)、N60%(N6)、N80%(N8)、N100%(N10)、N120%(N12)、N140%(N14)、N160%(16)、N180%(N18)、N200%(N20)10个不同量猪粪沼液施肥组,探索了施用不同量猪粪沼液替代化肥氮对杂交籼稻生长性状、产量和品质的影响。结果显示,常规施肥(CF)组和沼液(N20%-N200%)施肥组籼稻生长性状、产量和品质均优于空白对照组;以常规施肥的CF组为参照,除N2和N4沼液施肥组株高显著降低(P〈0.05)外,各沼液施肥组株高、有效穗个数和分蘖数均没有明显差异(P〉0.05);与CF组相比,沼液(N20%-N200%)施肥组糙米产量有增加的趋势,但差异不显著(P〉0.05)。各沼液施肥组秸秆产量整体呈线性增加,N18施肥组秸秆产量与CF组相比显著增大(P〈0.05)。另外,除N2、N10和N12组外,其他各沼液施肥组千粒重均显著高于CF组(P〈0.05);随着沼液施肥量的增加,沼液(N20%-N200%)施肥组饲用稻糙米蛋白质含量总体呈上升趋势,尤其是N18和N20施肥组蛋白质含量与CF组相比均显著增加(P〈0.05)。与CK组和CF组相比,沼液(N20%-N200%)施肥组直链淀粉含量有一定程度的下降,但无显著性差异(P〉0.05)。试验结果初步表明,该试验条件下猪粪沼液N120%施用量基本能够达到常规尿素的肥效,且超量施用至N200%替代尿素,籼稻仍长势良好;同时,随着沼液施用量的增加,一定程度上提高了籼稻籽粒的营养价值。 相似文献
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Ritter MJ Ellis M Brinkmann J DeDecker JM Keffaber KK Kocher ME Peterson BA Schlipf JM Wolter BF 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(10):2856-2864
Data on 74 trailer loads of finishing pigs (mean BW = 129.0, SEM = 0.63 kg) from wean-to-finish buildings on 2 farms within 1 production system were collected to investigate the effect of amount of floor space on the trailer (0.39 or 0.48 m2/pig) during transport on the incidence of losses (dead and nonambulatory pigs) at the packing plant and to study the relationships between transport conditions and losses. Pigs were loaded using standard commercial procedures for pig handling and transportation. Two designs of flat-deck trailers with 2 decks were used. Floor space treatments were compared in 2 similarly sized compartments on each deck of each trailer type. Differences in floor space were created by varying the number of pigs in each compartment. The incidence of nonambulatory pigs at the farm during loading and at the plant after unloading, average load weight, load number within each day, event times, and temperature and relative humidity in the trailer from loading to unloading were recorded. Of the 12,511 pigs transported, 0.26% were non-ambulatory at the farm, 0.23% were dead on arrival, and 0.85% were nonambulatory at the plant. Increasing transport floor space from 0.39 to 0.48 m2/pig reduced the percentage of total nonambulatory pigs (0.62 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.13%, respectively; P < 0.05), nonambulatory, noninjured pigs (0.52 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.11%, respectively; P < 0.01), and total losses (dead and nonambulatory pigs) at the plant (0.88 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.16%, respectively; P < 0.05) and tended to reduce dead pigs (0.27 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.08%, respectively; P = 0.06). However, transport floor space did not affect the percentage of nonambulatory, injured pigs at the plant. Nonambulatory pigs at the farm were positively correlated with relative humidity during loading and load number within the day (r = 0.46 and 0.25, respectively; P < 0.05). The percentage of total losses at the plant was positively correlated to waiting time at the plant, unloading time, and total time from loading to unloading (r = 0.24, 0.51, and 0.36, respectively; P < 0.05). Average temperature during loading, waiting at the farm, transport, waiting at the plant, unloading, and average pig weight on the trailer were not correlated to losses. These results suggest that floor space per pig on the trailer and transport conditions can affect transport losses. 相似文献
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生物安全是猪场生产管理的关键,也是猪场搞好生产的基本保障。猪场生物安全贯穿于生产管理的各个环节,包括人员、物资、猪只、饲料、粪污等流转运输等。近两年的非洲猪瘟疫情使得很多生物安全设施和管理不健全的养殖场遭受灭顶之灾。为协助众多在疫情中遭受打击的规模养殖企业恢复生产,文章从更严格的生物安全角度出发,在传统猪场工艺设计的基础上,对猪场功能区设置、人员物料流线规划、进出场洗消设施配置等提出了一套较为完整的工艺技术方案,供养猪从业者在新建和改造猪场复养过程中参考。 相似文献
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《动物营养(英文)》2015,(3)
Global livestock production is going to be more and more sophisticated in order to improve efficiency needed to supply the rising demand for animal protein of a growing, more urban and affluent population.To cope with the rising public importance of sustainability is a big challenge for all animal farmers and more industrialized operations especially. Confined animal farming operations(CAFO) are seen very critical by many consumers with regard to their sustainability performance, however, the need to improve the sustainability performance especially in the ecological and social dimension exists at both ends of the intensity, i.e., also for the small holder and family owned animal farming models. As in livestock operations, feed and manure contribute the majority to the three most critical environmental impact categories global warming potential(GWP), acidification(AP) and eutrophication potential(EP)any effort for improvement should start there. Intelligent combination of nutrient-, emission-and waste management in an integrated low emission farm(LEF) concept not only significantly reduces the environmental footprint in the ecological dimension of sustainability, but by producing renewable energy(heat, electricity, biomethane) with animal manure as major feedstock in an anaerobic digester also the economic dimension can be improved. Model calculations using new software show the ecological improvement potential of low protein diets using more supplemented amino acids for the Chinese pig production. The ecological impact of producing biogas or upgraded biomethane, of further treatment of the digestate and producing defined fertilizers is discussed. Finally, the LEF concept allows the integration of an insect protein plant module which offers additional ecological and economical sustainability improvement potential in the future. Active stakeholder communication about implementation steps of LEF examples improves also the social aspect of sustainability. 相似文献