屠宰生猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

为调查屠宰生猪副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)的隐性感染情况,本研究从陕西省某规模化生猪屠宰场采集80份病变肺脏,应用PCR方法进行Hps核酸检测,无菌取阳性肺脏,通过平板划线分离获得疑似Hps,进一步对分离菌进行形态观察、培养特性分析、卫星现象观察、生化试验和分离菌核酸片段序列分析,纯化获得Hps分离菌;用药敏纸片法分析Hps分离菌株对常用药物的敏感性。结果显示,从80份病变肺脏中检出39份Hps阳性,阳性率48.75%(39/80);从39份Hps阳性肺脏中分离获得3株疑似Hps,分离菌在显微镜下呈革兰氏阴性、短杆状;在添加有胎牛血清和NAD的TSA平板上生长良好;在金黄色葡萄球菌周围呈现出典型的"卫星现象"生长;能发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖和阿拉伯糖,不发酵甘露醇;PCR扩增序列与Hps同源性在98%以上。药物敏感性试验结果显示,3株分离菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考等抗菌药物高度敏感,对青霉素、林可霉素和甲氧苄啶等抗菌药物耐药。本研究获得的Hps分离株为疫苗研制提供了基础材料,为生猪养殖场选择敏感药物防控Hps感染提供了参考依据。     

2020—2021年河北省部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌流行情况调查及耐药性分析

为调查河北省部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）流行情况,研究于2020—2021年从河北邢台及周边地区采集疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病感染组织样品共2 844份,采用荧光定量PCR法检测样品Hps感染率;对部分阳性样品进行平板划线法,其后对分离菌株耐药性进行分析。结果表明,共887份样品检测为Hps核酸阳性,平均阳性率为31.19%(887/2 844);共分离获得34株Hps。药敏试验结果表明,大部分菌株对头孢曲松、氟苯尼考、米诺沙星和头孢噻肟等抗菌药敏感,但对卡那霉素和复方新诺明等存在较高的耐药性。以上研究结果提示：当前河北省猪场副猪嗜血杆菌流行情况较为严重,且血清型复杂,应引起足够重视。     

湖南湘潭县及周边地区屠宰生猪副猪嗜血杆菌流行情况调查与药敏试验

为分析湘潭县健康猪群副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)隐性感染情况,研究于2019年4—9月对湘潭县某生猪屠宰场采集的120份病变肺脏进行细菌分离,对疑似Hps进行血清型鉴定并进行药敏试验。结果发现,共在27份肺脏样品中分离得到Hps,分离率为22.5%,其中分离血清型4型、5型、1型和不可分型菌株所占比例分别为40.74%(11株)、25.92%(7株)、18.52%(5株)和14.81%(4株),分型菌株占85.19%(23株);27株流行菌株对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟和诺氟沙星等高敏,对庆大霉素和四环素中度敏感,对青霉素、卡那霉素和复方新诺明耐药。     

家养野猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及16S rRNA序列分析

对江西省某家养野猪场临诊疑似副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilusparasuis,Hps）感染的病例进行细菌分离鉴定,PCR扩增分离菌株的16SrRNA并进行测序分析,并对分离菌进行细菌形态、生化鉴定和PCR鉴定及序列比对分析。结果显示,获得1株家养野猪源Hps分离株（命名为HPJXYZ01）,该分离株与国内外参考菌株序列之闻的同源性为93．1％～99．2％,与本实验室江西省家猪源分离株的同源性为84％～92．1％。结果表明,江西省家养野猪中存在Hps感染,分离株与国内外家猪源Hps间的16SrRNA序列差异不大,Hps16SrRNA核苷酸序列比较稳定,其进化不存在明显的地域相关性。     

天津地区副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及敏感药物筛选

为了给天津地区各区县养猪场提供副猪嗜血杆菌病的科学防控及合理的治疗用药方案,本试验对天津地区各区县养猪场疑似感染副猪嗜血杆菌的病猪进行了解剖及病理变化观察,无菌采集36份各猪场病猪组织脏器并进行细菌分离,对分离菌进行染色镜检、卫星试验、接触酶反应试验、微量生化反应和PCR鉴定。结果显示,剖检结果以纤维素性胸膜炎及腹膜炎常见,关节腔切面内有大量黄亮黏稠液体;分离出了9株疑似副猪嗜血杆菌菌株,染色镜检均可见革兰氏阴性多形态菌;分离菌有明显的卫星现象;接触酶反应试验均为阳性;微量生化反应D-核糖、山梨醇、果糖、阿拉伯糖和硫化氢均为阴性,麦芽糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和脲酶均为阳性,山梨糖和木糖各有1株为阳性,5株菌β-半乳糖为阳性;PCR鉴定结果显示9株疑似副猪嗜血杆菌菌株在822 bp处均与阳性对照处于同一条带上,均判定为副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率达25%。用16种抗菌药物对9株副猪嗜血杆菌进行敏感药物筛选,药敏结果显示头孢曲松钠和氧氟沙星对分离株有良好的抑菌效果。本试验结果可为天津地区副猪嗜血杆菌病的科学防制提供依据。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)为猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)的重要病原之一。在对广西65个猪场281份病猪组织样品进行PRDC病原学调查的基础上,对PCR检测的Hps阳性样品进行了细菌分离,并进行了生化特性、药敏试验、16 S RNA基因片段序列分析和基因组DNA的PCR指纹图谱分析。结果显示,11份(3.91%)检测样品为Hps阳性,且均为混合感染;从南宁市四塘、桂林市永福、玉林市容县和钦州市浦北分离出5株Hps,分离菌株的生化鉴定结果均符合Hps生化特性,且对头孢噻呋和头孢菌素高度敏感;其中3株为血清5型,1株为血清12型,另1株未能定型;分离菌株16 S RNA基因片段之间及与GenBank其他一些代表菌株的核苷酸同源性在99%以上。     

牦牛源溶血致病性表皮葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏分析

对1株分离自西藏那曲地区养殖场有出血性症状牦牛的致病性菌进行分子鉴定及药敏分析,为西藏地区牦牛出血性疾病提供治疗依据。通过对病死牦牛肺脏、肝脏进行细菌分离纯化获得疑似菌株,对所得疑似菌株进行形态学观察与哥伦比亚血平板试验筛选出疑似致病菌株,再对疑似致病菌株进行生理生化鉴定试验、16S rDNA通用引物检测及测序、同源性比对,后经药敏试验得到该疑似致病菌株的敏感药物,最后通过动物回归试验验证其敏感药物的治疗效果。结果表明,通过对病死牦牛肺脏、肝脏分离纯化获得6株疑似菌株,经形态学观察试验、哥伦比亚血平板试验筛选出1株具有溶血性的革兰氏阳性球菌S-4。经生理生化鉴定试验、16S rDNA测序、同源性比对,鉴定S-4菌株为表皮葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,S-4菌株对恩诺沙星、新霉素、多黏菌素B、卡那霉素、环丙沙星敏感,对氟苯尼考、多西环素中介敏感,对链霉素、红霉素、四环素、青霉素、头孢氨苄耐受;动物回归试验显示,该菌株具有致病性,且恩诺沙星、新霉素、卡那霉素3种药物治疗效果良好,多黏菌素B、环丙沙星治疗效果差。本试验获得1株具有致病性的牦牛源表皮葡萄球菌,该致病菌在养殖过程中可使用恩诺沙星、新霉素、卡那霉素3种药物进行治疗。     

某蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

为了解某蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况,采集重庆市某蛋鸡场48份羽毛样品、123份肛拭子样品,将羽毛样品经MH高盐培养液增菌后划线接种于MH高盐平板,将肛拭子样品经沙门菌增菌液增菌后划线接种于S.S.平板。将疑似菌落接种LB液体培养基培养后提取基因组,PCR扩增金黄色葡萄球菌特异性nuc基因和沙门菌特异性invA基因片段。对分离鉴定的金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌进行药物敏感性试验。最终共分离鉴定出9株金黄色葡萄球菌、6株沙门菌。药敏试验结果表明,分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌耐药严重,且存在多重耐药。本研究基本摸清了该蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌对常见抗菌药物的敏感性,为该蛋鸡场的临床用药提供了参考。     

屠宰生猪肺脏健康状况评估及主要病原的检测

肺部感染引发的不同程度的肺脏病变在屠宰生猪的宰后检验中常有发现。本试验对某规模化生猪养殖企业屠宰生猪连续10周采集肺脏,每次取约300份肺脏,共3 000份肺脏进行健康评价,并每次选择8份病变肺脏(共80份)进行猪呼吸道疾病常见病原的核酸检测,通过分析可能引起屠宰生猪肺部感染的病原,以期为生猪的疾病防控、动物产品安全评估提供基础资料和参考。结果显示,3 000份肺脏中评估为健康的有1 822份,占60.7%(1 822/3 000);病变肺脏有1 178份,占39.3%(1 178/3 000);病变类型主要为炎症、肉变。80份病变肺脏中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸阳性有16份,副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)阳性有39份,猪链球菌(SS)阳性有36份,猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)阳性有4份;PCV2与Mhp、HPS、SS混合阳性率分别占到PCV2阳性数量的12.5%、56.25%、81.25%;未检测到猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪流感病毒(SIV)、巴氏杆菌(Pm)和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)等病原。本次评估结果表明,屠宰生猪肺脏病变比例较高,引起肺脏发生病变的呼吸道病原主要为HPS、SS、Mhp和PCV2,且以和PCV2的混合感染居多。     

重庆市荣昌区动物源沙门菌的检测与耐药性分析

为了了解重庆市荣昌区畜禽源沙门菌的流行特征和耐药情况,从荣昌区的一家规模化生猪养殖场和一家肉鹅养殖场分别采集动物粪便样品80份和30份,样品经过前增菌、选择性增菌、平板划线接种、挑取可疑菌落革兰氏染色并扩增沙门菌特异性基因invA,从而鉴定沙门菌分离株。对沙门菌分离株进行血清型分型和药物敏感性试验。试验结果显示,110份样品中共分离到8株沙门菌,其中猪源沙门菌6株,鹅源沙门菌2株。沙门菌血清型鉴定表明,8株沙门菌中有5株为鼠伤寒沙门菌,1株为乙型副伤寒沙门菌,1株为圣保罗沙门菌,1株沙门菌尚不能判断。药敏试验表明,沙门菌分离株对四环素类抗菌药物的耐药现象最为严重,其次为酰胺醇类、青霉素类和氨基糖苷类。8株沙门菌分离株菌均为多重耐药菌株,尤其需要注意的是,分别有1株鹅源和猪源沙门菌对16种和17种抗菌药物产生耐药,多重耐药现象严重。     

Isolation,Identification and Sensitive Drug Screening of Haemophilus parasuis in Tianjin

In order to provide a scientific prevention and treatment of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) disease in pig farms of the Tianjin area, pigs with suspected Haemophilus parasuis disease were anatomized and observed pathological changes.The most common results were cellulose pleurisy and peritonitis, and there were more yellow viscous liquid in joint cavity section.The bacteria were isolated from 36 diseased pig swine organs which were suspected of Hps, and 9 strains of Hps were obtained through staining, satellite test, catalase reaction test, biochemical reaction and PCR.The 9 strains of Hps showed multi morphology and gram negative through staining; Satellite phenomenon was significant; All of the catalase reaction test were positive; D-ribose, sorbitol, fructose, arabinose and hydrogen sulfide of micro biochemical reaction were negative, but maltose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol and urease were positive, only 1 of 9 strains was positive sorbitol and xylose of micro biochemical reaction, 5 strains were positive for beta galactose;PCR result showed an objective fragments of 822 bp.The separation rate was 25%.The drug screening were done with 16 kinds of antimicrobial agents against 9 strains of Hps, drug sensitivity results showed that ceftriaxone sodium and levofloxacin had good antibacterial effects.The results of this study could provide the basis for prevention and control of Hps disease in Tianjin.     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对一例临床症状、病理剖检变化疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病的仔猪病料进行实验室诊断,进行了细菌培养特性和生化特性等鉴定,初步怀疑为副猪嗜血杆菌,根据副猪嗜血杆菌的16 S rRNA基因设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增鉴定,结果表明,分离菌为副猪嗜血杆菌.药敏试验显示,该分离菌对阿米卡星、头孢氨苄、新霉素高度敏感.     

Diagnosis and Pathogen Analysis of Mixed Infection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Haemophilus parasuis

To identify the causative agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) occurred at a pig farm in Kaifeng city,Henan province,we identified the potential causative bacteria of the morbid nursing piglets by bacterial test and drug sensitivity test of the clinical samples (lung,liver and spleen),and detected the common potential pathogens causing PRDC diseases by PCR and RT-PCR assays,including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2),swine influenza virus (SIV),pseudorabies virus (PRV),classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp),and then sequcing and phylogenetic analysis of the structural gene of positive causative pathogens were carried out.The results showed that a Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) strain were isolated and identified by the observation of bacterial morphology and satellite phenomenon,and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene.The drug sensitivity test showed that the Hps strain was sensitive to ampicillin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ceftiofur and tetracycline.Meanwhile,PCR and RT-PCR assays indicated that all the samples were positive for PRRSV and PCV2,and named the involved strain as PRRSV/HN-2019 and PCV2/HN11-2019,respectively.Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 gene of the newly identified PRRSV revealed that the PRRSV/HN-2019 strain was closely related to the NADC30-like strains and grouped into NADC30-like genotype clade.And cap gene of the newly identified PCV2 strain the PCV2/HN11-2019 strain was closely related to the PCV-2d strains and grouped into PCV-2d genotype clade.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that the morbid piglets were co-infected with PRRSV,PCV2 and Hps,which provided a basis for the development of effective control strategies in the pig farm.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型与副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊断及病原分析

为确定河南开封某猪场发生猪呼吸系统疾病综合征（PRDC）的病原,本研究无菌采集病死保育猪肺脏、心脏和脾脏等组织样品,进行细菌学检验和药敏试验,通过PCR/RT-PCR检测样品中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪流感病毒（SIV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）和猪肺炎支原体（Mhp）等病原,并对核酸阳性病毒性病原的抗原结构基因进行测序和遗传演化分析。结果表明,通过细菌分离培养、形态观察、卫星现象观察和16S rRNA基因鉴定,从病死保育猪体内分离鉴定出1株副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）,药敏实验表明该菌株对对氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、头孢噻呋和四环素几种药物敏感。核酸检测PRRSV和PCV2核酸阳性,分别命名为PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019;进一步对PRRSV/HN-2019和PCV2/HN11-2019的结构基因分析发现,PRRSV/HN-2019与与NADC30分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于NADC30-like毒株;PCV2/HN11-2019与PCV-2d分支的毒株亲缘关系较近,属于PCV-2d分支。综上所述,本研究确定该猪场存在PRRSV、PCV2和Hps的混合感染,为该猪场下一步的PRDC有效防控提供了参考依据。     

1株副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

【目的】阐明引起河南漯河某规模化猪场仔猪呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性。【方法】无菌采集发病仔猪的口鼻拭子及病死猪的胸腔积液及肺脏、肝脏、脾脏等组织器官,进行病原的PCR检测,并通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、卫星试验、16S rDNA基因PCR扩增、系统进化树构建、多重PCR鉴定分离菌的血清型、致病性试验和药敏试验等对分离菌株进行生物学特性分析。【结果】在含有V因子的BHI固体平板上生长出圆形、表面光滑湿润、无色透明的微小菌落,在不含V因子的培养基上不生长;分离菌株经革兰染色,镜下可见革兰阴性菌,多呈单个存在的球杆、长杆状;在金黄色葡萄球菌的培养物周围形成典型的“卫星菌落”;16S rDNA基因序列分析表明,分离菌株与副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)处于同一分支,相似性>97%,亚型鉴定结果判定分离菌为Hps血清4型;将分离的Hps腹腔注射感染小鼠,可导致感染小鼠多个器官不同程度出血,以肺脏最为明显;高剂量感染可导致小鼠死亡。药敏试验发现,该菌株对四环素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明具有较强抗性,合理用药后,取得了良好的治疗效果。【结论】试验成...     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清7型菌株毒力及耐药性分析

【目的】了解河南地区副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)血清7型流行菌株的毒力及耐药情况。【方法】以Hps血清7型参考菌株为对照,对6株Hps血清7型临床分离菌株进行16S rRNA基因扩增、序列分析、毒力基因检测、致病性试验和药敏试验研究。【结果】16S rRNA基因测序及相似性比对结果显示,菌株1436与参考菌株0007相似性为100%,菌株1565、1624与参考菌株0007相似性均为98.6%。系统发育树分析表明,菌株1436与参考菌株0007亲缘关系最近;菌株1624与参考菌株0007亲缘关系最远。6株临床菌株与参考菌株表现为2种毒力基因型,菌株均携带有vta1、vta2、vta3、wza、nanH、cdtA、cdtB、cdtC和espP2毒力基因,其中5株临床菌株还携带ompP2毒力基因。豚鼠致病性试验结果显示,临床菌株毒力较参考菌株表现出不同程度的增强,参考菌株不能感染豚鼠发病,未表现任何临床症状;临床菌株可感染豚鼠发病,表现出一定的临床症状,发病率为20%~40%,死亡率为0。参考菌株和临床菌株均对头孢他啶和头孢噻呋敏感,对强力霉素、氟苯尼考中介,对新霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、红霉素、替米考星等耐药,且均表现出多重耐药现象。【结论】Hps血清7型临床菌株有一定的致病性,但毒力较弱,对头孢类药物敏感,有明显的多重耐药现象,临床上应注意对该血清型的防控。本研究为Hps血清7型流行病学、致病机制研究奠定了基础,为Hps血清7型的临床防控提供了参考依据。     

Serovar profiling of Haemophilus parasuis on Australian farms by sampling live pigs

Objective Investigate the diversity of serovars of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) present in Australian pig herds. Design Nasal swabs were used to obtain multiple isolates of Hps, which were grouped first by genotyping and then by serotyping representative isolates. Procedure Swabs were taken from the nasal cavity of just-weaned healthy pigs from multiparous sows on 12 farms and from post-weaned pigs of multiparous sows on 1 farm. On 5 of the 13 farms, nasal swabs were also obtained from pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. On a further 7 farms, nasal swabs were obtained only from pigs with clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. Results A total of 556 Hps isolates were genotyped, and 150 isolates were serotyped. Hps was detected on 19 of the 20 farms, including 2 farms with a long history of freedom from Glässer's disease. Isolates of Hps belonging to serovars regarded as potentially pathogenic were obtained from healthy pigs at weaning on 8 of the 10 farms with a history of Glässer's disease outbreaks. Sampling 213 sick pigs yielded 115 isolates of Hps, 99 of which belonged to serovars that were either potentially pathogenic or of unknown pathogenicity. Only 16 isolates from these 213 sick pigs were of a serovar known to be non-pathogenic. Conclusion Healthy pigs contain a range of Hps serovars, even on farms free of Glässer's disease. Nasal swabbing of both healthy and sick pigs seems a useful method of serovar profiling of farms.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了给天津某规模猪场提供猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)的科学防控和合理的用药方案,本试验对该猪场疑似患PCP的病猪进行临床综合诊断和病理组织学观察,无菌采集病料,通过细菌的分离与培养、镜检、生化试验、卫星试验、PCR检测、动物致病性试验及药敏试验等实验室方法对分离菌进行系统分析。结果发现,病猪呼吸困难,病理剖检和病理组织学观察可见有典型的纤维素性肺炎变化;显微镜下分离菌呈多形性的革兰氏阴性杆菌,且其生化试验、卫星试验结果与传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)特性一致;用APP APX ⅣA毒素基因特异性引物扩增结果为阳性;该APP分离菌对小鼠具有致病性,且对头孢噻肟、氟苯尼考等药物高度敏感。根据实验室检测结果并结合临床综合诊断,最终判定该细菌分离株为猪传染性APP。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitive Tests of Porcine Contagious Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

In order to provide a scientific prevention and treatment of porcine contagious pleuropneumia (PCP) disease in a pig farm of Tianjin,pigs with suspected PCP were carried on clinical comprehensive diagnosis and histopathological observations.A systematic analysis of isolated strain were conducted by laboratory diagnostic methods included bacterial isolation and culture,microscopic examination,biochemical tests,satellite phenomenon examination,PCR detection,animal pathogenicity experiments and drug sensitive tests.The most sick pigs were dyspnea,and the typical results of pathological anatomy and histopathological observations were fibrinous pneumonia.The gram-negative and polymorphous bacilli could be seen under the microscopy,its biochemical characteristics and satellite phenomenon were consistent with those of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP).The amplified result of APP APX Ⅳ A gene was positive by specific primers.The isolated strain could be lethal to mice and it was highly sensitive to cefotaxime and florfenicol.Combined with the results of laboratory detection and the clinical comprehensive diagnosis,it was confirmed the isolated strain was APP.