多环境下陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)重组自交系铃重与衣分性状的QTL分析

本研究利用以SGK9708为母本,0-153为父本构建的196个陆地棉重组自交系(F6:8)构建了包含186个标记,总长827.84 cM,标记间平均距离4.45 cM,覆盖棉花基因组18.6%的遗传连锁图谱,并对7个环境下的铃重和衣分性状进行QTL定位和上位性互作分析.利用两种分析软件(WinQTLcart2.5和Q...     

QTL Mapping of Chlorophyll Content in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense Backcross Inbred Lines

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to chlorophyll content based on Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) readings in cotton. [Method] The 195 BILs (Backcross Inbred Lines) were produced by a cross between Gossypium barbadense Hai 7124 and G. hirsutum CRI 36, using CRI 36 as the recurrent parent for backcrossing with F1 to produce BC1F1, followed by seven generations of selfing. The genetic linkage map was constructed in a previous study. QTLs of chlorophyll SPAD value in the first flowering and boll development stages were identified with inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method of the BIP and MET models in IciMapping 4.1 software, respectively. [Result] In total, nine chlorophyll SPAD reading QTLs were identified on 6 chromosomes. The q-SPAD-A11-1 detected at the first flowering stage overlapped with q-SPAD-A11-2 detected at the boll development stage, contributing 5.08% and 5.75% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The q-SPAD-D08-2 physical position ranged from 48.71 to 53.65 Mb on chromosome D08, which overlapped with a chlorophyll content QTL detected in a previous study. [Conclusion] The novel stable QTLs, q-SPAD-A11-1 and q-SPAD-A11-2 detected in this study provide an important piece of information for fine mapping chlorophyll content in cotton.     

利用重组自交系群体定位玉米种子活力相关生理性状的QTL

种子是农作物生产的物质基础,种子质量直接影响农业生产的成效.种子活力是衡量种子质量和应用价值最重要的指标之一,活力高的种子发芽迅速整齐、幼苗均匀、生长健壮,同时可以节约播种量,减少劳力投入,降低生产成本,提高农业生产效益.QTL定位和克隆是解析玉米农艺性状遗传基础的重要手段.本研究以基于豫537 A×沈137构建的一个RILs群体的212个家系为材料,利用SNP分子标记技术构建的高密度的分子遗传连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图法定位了超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、丙二醛含量等玉米种子活力相关生理指标的QTL,共检测到11个QTLs,分别分布在第1、2、4、6、7、8条等6条染色体上,单个QTL的贡献率介于5.52％～12.10％之间,这些QTL的确定有助于开展分子标记辅助选择种子活力相关性状.     

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Number and Percentage of Cracked and Open Bolls in Gossypium hirsutum L.

The recombinant inbred lines(RI) and immortalized F₂ (IF₂) populations derived from the cross between Gossypium hirsutum L. lines sGK9708×0-153 were used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underlying the number of cracked and open bolls (COP) and percentage of open bolls (POB). Field experiments were conducted in Quzhou, Hebei Province in 2009 and in Anyang, Henan Province, in 2009 and 2010. QTL analysis was conducted by the CIM method. Seven and 11 QTLs, which explained 5.86%～11.28% and 4.68%～9.84% of the phenotypic variation of COB and POB, respectively. Three, two, one, and one QTLs related to COB were located on chromosomes 25, 16, 18, and LG49, respectively; while six, two, two, and one QTLs related to POB were on chromosomes 25, 16, 18, and LG49, respectively. However, no common QTLs were detected in the RI and F2 populations. qPOB-16-2 was detected in the RI population in three environments, and qCOB-16-1, qPOB-5-3, and qPOB-25-4 were detected in two environments. These stable QTLs might be useful for molecular-assisted selection in future cotton breeding programs.     

大豆四向重组自交系群体蛋白质含量与油分含量QTL定位

蛋白质和油分含量是大豆重要的育种目标,蛋白质和油分含量QTL定位和优异等位变异的发掘对大豆分子设计育种具有重要意义。本研究以(垦丰14×垦丰15)×(黑农48×垦丰19)衍生的后代株系为材料,构建含有204个株系的大豆四向重组自交系群体,利用区间作图法,应用前期构建的SSR遗传图谱,对2013、2014和2015年在哈尔滨和克山2地共8个环境下的蛋白质和油分含量进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,8个环境中检测到29个蛋白质含量QTL和39个油分含量QTL。在所定位的蛋白质含量QTL中,有5个能够在2个以上环境被定位到,这些蛋白质含量QTL分布在 A1、D2、J、N和O等6个连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为 7.65%~20.08%,其中qPC-A1-1、qPC-D2-1、qPC-J-1和qPC-O-2的贡献率在10%以上。在39个油分含量QTL中,有10个在多环境下被重复检测到,这些QTL分布在8个(A1、A2、B1、D1b、G、I、J、N)连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为7.30%~25.68%,其中qOC-A2-1、qOC-B1-1、qOC-G-1和qOC-J-1的贡献率在10%以上。     

陆地棉产量相关性状的QTL定位

中棉所28和湘杂棉2号分别是以中棉所12×4133和中棉所12×8891配制而成的两个陆地棉强优势杂交种。以其F₂为作图群体,筛选6000多对SSR引物,利用两群体间27个共有多态位点,通过JoinMap 3.0软件整合了一张包含245个多态位点、全长1847.81 cM的遗传图谱。利用Win QTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法分别对两群体8个产量相关性状在F₂和F_2:3中进行QTL定位,在中棉所28群体多环境平均值的联合分析中检测到16个QTL,三环境分离分析中检测到43个QTL;在湘杂棉2号群体分别检测到20个和66个QTL。在A3、D8、D9等染色体上有QTL成簇分布现象,同时在两个群体中发现一些不受环境影响且稳定遗传的QTL。对考察的8个性状在两个群体中发现12对共有QTL,控制果枝数、衣分和籽指的QTL增效基因位点均来源于共同亲本中棉所12。综合分析推测中棉所12的育种价值主要是通过提高后代的结铃性来实现的。研究结果为棉花产量性状的分子设计育种提供了有用的信息。     

Mapping QTL of Fiber Yield and Quality Traits in F2 Populations of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense

In this study, F₂ populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F₂ population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.     

基于陆地棉背景的海岛棉染色体片段导入系产量性状QTL定位

棉花产量分为籽棉产量和皮棉产量,其中高皮棉产量总是育种的首要目标。皮棉产量由单株铃数、衣分、单铃重等因素组成。其中衣分在各因素中的遗传率最高,同时也是产量育种中重要的选择指标。育种中利用分离群体对单株铃数、铃重等产量性状选择受环境影响较大。利用染色体片段导入系进行铃数、铃重等产量性状的定位,定向改良产量性状,是棉花分子设计育种的有效方法。本研究利用陆地棉TM-1为轮回亲本和海岛棉海7124为非轮回亲本构建了一套陆地棉背景的染色体片段导入系,并在7个环境的田间试验下,鉴定了它们的产量表现,定位了28个与单株铃数、铃重、衣分和籽指相关的QTL。其中,在Dt亚组染色体上鉴定出的产量性状QTL多于在At亚组染色体上鉴定出的。28个QTL中,加性效应为正的16个,加性效应为负的12个,表明海岛棉不同的导入片段效应不同,有的片段可以提高陆地棉产量,有的则降低陆地棉产量。在6个环境下,导入系IL008(特征标记NAU2573和NAU3576)的衣分均显著高于轮回亲本TM-1,因此IL008可以应用于棉花分子育种,定向改良陆地棉的衣分。     

利用主基因+多基因混合遗传分析解析陆地棉铃重与铃壳率杂种优势的遗传基础

为明确棉花杂种F1铃重超亲优势的遗传基础,利用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传P1、P2、F1和F2群体联合分析方法,分析了铃重有超亲优势的3个组合L178×L029(Ⅰ)、L178×L057(Ⅱ)与L029×GP72(Ⅲ)的铃重与铃壳率。结果表明:3个组合F1铃重的超亲优势和铃壳率的负向中亲优势表现稳定。组合Ⅰ和ⅡF2群体的铃重与铃壳率呈极显著负相关。铃重和铃壳率均呈2对主基因+多基因遗传,但主基因作用方式在组合间有所不同。铃重超亲优势主要来自多基因显性效应,而组合Ⅲ的主基因显性×显性互作对铃重的超亲优势也有很大作用。组合Ⅰ和Ⅲ铃壳率的负向中亲优势主要来自于主基因显性效应,组合Ⅱ铃壳率的负向优势主要来自于多基因显性效应。因此,改良铃重和铃壳率时可通过轮回选择或修饰回交聚集增效基因来实现。     

利用重组自交系群体检测水稻耐铝毒数量性状基因座

利用Kinmaze / DV85 81个重组自交家系(RIL)作图群体,采用苗期单营养液水培鉴定方法,以相对根伸长量（RRE）作为耐铝毒性状的表型值,分析亲本和重组自交系群体对铝毒的耐性表现。利用Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a软件共检测到5个耐铝毒QTLs,分别位于第1、5、8、9和11染色体上,各个QTL的贡献率在8.64%～18.60%之间,其     

陆地棉重组自交系群体纤维品质及产量性状遗传变异分析

以陆地棉优质品系0-153和大面积推广的双价转基因抗虫棉品系sGK9708为亲本构建了含有196个F6:8家系的重组自交系群体。在4个环境中,纤维长度、纤维强度、麦克隆值、伸长率、整齐度指数、单株结铃数、铃重、衣分、子指、单株子棉产量及单株皮棉产量等性状均呈正态分布,且存在双向超亲分离。多环境下变异分析表明,各性状家系间及环境间存在极显著差异。除纤维伸长率外,其余各纤维品质及产量性状都具有较高的遗传力,在0.75以上。共有6个家系在纤维长度、细度和强度性状上均超过高亲,可作为优质纤维种质。相关分析显示,有些家系可能打破了纤维品质和产量性状间的负相关。通过聚类分析得出,该群体各系分在了不同的组,表明存在着一定的遗传差异。该群体是进行优异纤维品质相关基础研究的良好材料。     

Evaluation and QTL Mapping of Tolerance to Salinity Using Interspecific Introgression Lines from Gossypium barbadense in G. hirsutum

[Objective] Tolerance evaluation is the basis for cotton salinity-resistant breeding. [Method] Relative growth of cotton plants at seedling stage for 148 introgression lines was used to evaluate the tolerance to salinity. [Result] The results demonstrated that salt damage coefficients were significantly different from each other, with an average 61.22% ranging from 1.34% to 100%. Based on the salt damage coefficient, 148 introgression lines were divided into three groups; group 1 (23.65%) was more tolerant than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient less than 29.35%; group 2 (39.19%) was more sensitive than the tolerant parent with the salt damage coefficient from 29.35%―71.70%; group 3 (37.16%) was more sensitive than the susceptible parent with the salt damage coefficient above 71.70%. [Condusion] Mapping of QTLs (Quantitative trait locus) for salt-tolerant traits indicated that 23 QTLs for tolerance-related traits were detected. Among them, 12 QTLs were aggregately distributed on chromosomes A05, A12, D05 and D11. Our results demonstrate that it is feasible for screening salt-tolerant introgression lines from Gossypium barbadense into G. hirsutum, especially by molecular marker-assisted selection for specific chromosomes with high efficiency.     

陆地棉不同铃期和不同铃位单铃重杂种优势遗传研究

采用基因型与环境互作的加性－显性遗传模型分析了陆地棉（ＧｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）１２个亲本及其１７个Ｆ１组合两年不同花铃期及不同铃位单铃子棉重的杂种优势。结果表明,８月１３日前各花铃期单铃重的平均优势在５．９％～１０．６％之间,其中８月７日单铃重平均优势达极显著水平,８月１３日后各花铃期单铃重正向优势很小,８月３１日甚至出现一定的负向优势。各果枝的第１果节位及下部果枝的各铃位单铃重平均优势不显著,其余各铃位单铃重平均优势均达显著水平。     

QTL Mapping for Yield and Fiber Quality Traits in Double-Cross Population of Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense

[Objective] The aim of this study was to map quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for yield and fiber quality traits in chromosome segment introgression lines (CSILs) from Gossypium hirsutum×Gossypium barbadense. [Method] Four CSILs, MBI 7115, MBI 7412, MBI 7153 and MBI 7346, which were obtained by advanced backcrossing and continuous inbreeding from upland cotton variety CCRI 45 and sea-island cotton variety Hai 1, were used to construct double-cross segregating populations F1 and F1:2 through the following crosses: [(MBI 7115×MBI 7412)×(MBI 7153×MBI 7346)]. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were used to evaluate the genotyes of parents. The F1 and F1:2 populations were used to map QTLs for yield and fiber quality-related traits. [Result] The recovery rates of the recurrent parent CCRI 45 in the four CSILs were all above 97%. Forty-one QTLs, which were distributed across 11 chromosomes, were detected using the two segregating populations. There were 30 QTLs controlling fiber quality with phenotypic variations ranging from 1.11% to 11.80% and 11 QTLs controlling yield-related traits with 1.09%–13.57% phenotypic variations. [Conclusion] Five QTLs for fiber quality were consistently detected in two populations and they were all newly discovered QTLs. This study provides an important theoretical basis for fine mapping of these QTLs and molecular marker-assisted breeding for excellent fiber quality.     

水稻重组自交群体灌浆速率的遗传分析

为了解籽粒灌浆和籽粒产量相关性状的遗传基础,为改良籽粒灌浆特性提供依据,以小穗小粒型水稻Milyang 46和大穗大粒型FJCD建立的包含130个家系的F10重组自交系为研究材料,分析福建省武夷山和莆田环境下水稻籽粒灌浆速率,并结合已构建的遗传图谱进行QTL动态定位及环境互作研究。QTL定位分析共检测到10个加性QTL,位于1、2、5、6、7号染色体上,对表型变异贡献率0.92%~24.41%。同时,qGR-1-4、qGR-2-1、qGR-5-9及qGR-6-7均存在显著的环境互作效应,体现了一因多效。qGR-6-7和qGR-6-8加性均可解释表型变异24.41%。另外,qGR-6-7的环境互作效应可解释表型变异贡献率9.33%。     

不同遗传背景下陆地棉衣分和子指性状QTL定位

为陆地棉产量性状有关的分子标记辅助育种奠定理论基础,以高品质中长绒棉品种‘新陆早24号’为父本,转基因抗虫棉常规品种‘鲁棉研28号’和高产、优质棉花新品种‘冀棉516’为母本,构建F2和F2:3分离群体;利用7638对SSR引物对‘鲁棉研28号’和‘新陆早24号’进行多态性进行筛选,共获得225对多态性引物,对238个F2单株DNA扩增获得238个多态性标记位点,其中185个构建了包括44个连锁群,总长为1509.38 cM的遗传连锁图谱,标记间的平均距离为8.16 cM,覆盖棉花总基因组的33.91%。根据已有图谱的定位结果,40个连锁群与染色体建立联系。利用复合区间作图法定位‘鲁棉研28号’与‘新陆早24号’分离群体F2单株和F2:3家系的衣分和子指性状QTL,其中得到3个衣分和5个子指的QTL;根据定位结果,选择了14对SSR引物,分析‘冀棉516’与‘新陆早24号’的多态性,其中6个标记构建了两个连锁群。1个衣分和1个子指的QTL在两个群体中均检测到,这些共同QTLs为分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。     

陆地棉遗传图谱构建及产量和纤维品质性状QTL定位

利用3 458对SSR引物筛选陆地棉中棉所35和渝棉1号间的多态性引物, 获得173对。以多态性引物检测(渝棉1号×中棉所35)F₂群体180个单株的标记基因型, 共获得178个标记位点。构建的遗传连锁图谱包括148个标记, 36个连锁群, 总长1 309.2 cM, 标记间平均距离8.8 cM, 覆盖棉花基因组的29.5%。36个连锁群中的28个分别被定位于20条染色体, 8个连锁群未定位于染色体。以渝棉1号×中棉所35的F₂、F_2:3群体的产量、纤维品质性状鉴定结果, 利用区间作图方法, 检测到4个产量性状QTL, 即2个衣分(LP)、1个铃重(BW)、1个籽指(SD); 5个纤维品质性状QTL, 即1个纤维长度(FL)、2个纤维比强度(FS)和2个纤维细度(FF)。LP1、BW、SD、FL和FS1被定位于第7染色体, LP2、FS2、FF1和FF2被分别位于第15、21、9和20染色体。5个纤维品质QTL的有利等位基因均来源于渝棉1号。     

QTL analysis for early-maturing traits in cotton using two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crosses

Making use of the markers linked closely to QTL for early-maturing traits for MAS (Marker-assisted selection) is an effective method for the simultaneous improvement of early maturity and other properties in cotton. In this study, two F₂ populations and their F_2:3 families were generated from the two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crosses, Baimian2 × TM-1 and Baimian2 × CIR12. QTL for early-maturing traits were analyzed using F_2:3 families. A total of 54 QTL (31 suggestive and 23 significant) were detected. Fourteen significant QTL had the LOD scores not only > 3 but also exceeding permutation threshold. At least four common QTL, qBP-17 for bud period (BP), qGP-17a/qGP-17b (qGP-17) for growth period (GP), qYPBF-17a/qYPBF-17b (qYPBF-17) for yield percentage before frost (YPBF) and qHFFBN-17 for height of first fruiting branch node (HFFBN), were found in both populations. These common QTL should be reliable and could be used for MAS to facilitate early maturity. The common QTL, qBP-17, had a LOD score not only > 3 but also exceeding permutation threshold, explaining 12.6% of the phenotypic variation. This QTL should be considered preferentially in MAS. Early-maturing traits of cotton are primarily controlled by dominant and over-dominant effects.     

陆地棉种子物理性状QTL定位

定位棉花种子性状的基因对揭示棉花种子性状的遗传规律,以及明确棉花种子、产量、纤维品质等性状间的遗传关系具有重要意义。以(渝棉1号×T586) F_2:7重组近交系群体构建的遗传连锁图谱,在鉴定270个家系3个环境种子物理性状的基础上,利用MQM作图方法,共检测到34个种子物理性状QTL,包括9个种子重(qSW)、5个短绒重(qFW)、3个短绒率(qFP)、8个种仁重(qKW)、6个种子壳重(qHW)和3个种仁率(qKP)QTL,它们可解释4.6%~80.1%的性状表型变异。9个QTL在2个或3个环境中被检测到,其中包括第12染色体显性光子位点的短绒重与短绒率QTL,以及另外7个微效应QTL。34个QTL分布于15条染色体,其中A染色体组20个,D染色体组14个。有12个染色体区段分布有2个或2个以上的QTL,而且同一染色体区域同一亲本所具有的不同性状QTL的方向大多数与性状表型相关系数的正负一致。     

陆海高代回交群体抗黄萎病QTL定位

【目的】定位棉花抗黄萎病数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci, QTL)。【方法】以海7124和TM-1配制抗感组合F1,再以鲁棉研28为轮回亲本构建的137个BC4F1家系为作图群体,筛选出多态性重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)标记,并与已发表的整合高密度遗传连锁图谱相比对,构建遗传图谱。采用复合区间作图法(Composite interval mapping,CIM)进行大田和病圃两个环境下抗黄萎病QTL定位。【结果】216个多态性SSR位点分布在26条染色体上,可覆盖棉花基因组3 380 cM(centi Morgan),标记间平均距离15.77 cM。定位到6个QTLs,分布在6条染色体上,可解释表型变异8.56%~20.26%,其中5个QTLs与前人研究结果相一致,在第1染色体上新定位到一个QTL。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择抗病育种提供帮助。【结论】定位到6个黄萎病相关QTLs,其中1个是在第1染色体上新发现的QTL。