清凉油可防治鱼病

草鱼四病,即草鱼肠炎病（烂肠病）、细菌性烂鳃痛、赤皮病和病毒性出血病,因其常见、多发、并发、暴发,对草鱼危害很大。现介绍1种用清凉油治疗草鱼四病的方法．供养殖户参考。     

草鱼细菌性烂鳃病的防治技术

草鱼是四大家鱼之一,是我国主要的经济养殖品种。草鱼肉味鲜美,营养价值高,深受广大消费者喜欢。草鱼生长速度快、饲料来源广、产量高,但是草鱼养殖过程中经常出现的赤皮病、肠炎病和烂鳃病等疾病,极大地降低了养殖效益。本文结合工作实际,总结出了草鱼细菌性烂鳃病的防治技术要点,以供养殖者参考。     

草鱼烂鳃病肠炎病防治方法

草鱼烂鳃病肠炎病防治方法最近，四川合川市利泽乡四村二组农户王正中发现他所养的草鱼大量死亡，经有关专家检测，病鱼得的是草鱼烂鳃病，肠炎病的并发症。每年夏季的６－９月，是草鱼烂鳃病、肠炎病的高峰季节，草鱼肠炎病死亡率较高，有时甚至高达９０％以上。现分述这...     

草鱼“三病”综合防治措施

草鱼具有生长快、肉食美、价值高等优点，是养殖的优良品种。但是，草鱼多病，尤其是草鱼出血病、烂鳃病、肠炎病、赤皮病危害最为严重，致使养殖草鱼成活率较低。每年5-10月，水温20℃以上，是养殖鱼类增重的关键时期，也是鱼病的流行季节。此季节正是草鱼生长旺盛阶段，吃得多、长得快，但是，由于温度高，     

永靖县草鱼“三病”的中草药治疗

<正>草鱼烂鳃病、肠炎病、赤皮病统称草鱼"三病",在永靖县草鱼"三病"发病率平均在18.5%,近几年,在永靖县在草鱼"三病"的中药治疗中有一些体会,现总结如下。1草鱼"三病"的发病原因草鱼的赤皮病发病原因:鱼的体表完整无损时病原体无法侵入鱼的皮肤,只有因捕捞、运输、放养时鱼体受机械损伤或冻伤或体表被寄生虫损伤时,病菌才能乘虚而入引起发病。在条件恶劣如水质恶化,溶氧低,氨氮含量高,饲料变质,吃食不均匀等都可引起鱼抵抗力下降,从而爆发疾病。     

草鱼肠炎病防与治的研究

肠炎病是危害草鱼生产的奠定鱼病,具有流行时间长、死亡率高的特点,为草鱼养殖生产带来了不利的影响.文章以广西西宁地区的草鱼肠炎病为例,在简单概述草鱼肠炎病及其危害的基础上,具体分析怎样有效防治这种鱼病,从而更好的促进草鱼养殖发展,增加养殖人员的收入.     

夏秋禽舍消毒七字经

草鱼是我国传统的优良养殖品种,具有生长快、肉味佳的特点。但草鱼的抗病力和成活率均较低,易患出血病、烂鳃病、赤皮病和肠炎病。该“四病”严重影响草鱼养殖生产,务必引起养鱼户重视。 (一)出血病 该病是由呼肠孤病毒引起的一种病     

浮萍防治草鱼烂鳃病、肠炎病和赤皮病效果试验

在运用中医基础理论初步探讨了草鱼的烂鳃病、肠炎病和赤皮病"三病"并发与经络学说和藏象学说的相关性基础上,以二龄草鱼种为试验对象,用浮萍防治草鱼"三病"取得了极为显著的效果,并根据中药药理学和浮萍的有效化学成分对其作用机理进行了探讨,为今后有效防治草鱼"三病"开辟了一条新途径.     

夏秋季节草鱼谨防"四病"

草鱼是我国传统的优良养殖品种,具有生长快、肉味佳的特点.但草鱼的抗病力和成活率均较低,易患出血病、烂鳃病、赤皮病和肠炎病.该"四病"严重影响草鱼养殖生产,务必引起养鱼户重视.     

防治草鱼肠炎、出血病的药饵配制

草鱼以吃草为主,饲料来源容易解决,同时草鱼排出的粪尿,又能肥水,繁殖浮游生物,增加鲢,鳙鱼的产量。但草鱼发病率较高,产量很不稳定,因此,草鱼病的防治是一件大事。草鱼病最常见的是病菌寄生引起的肠炎病,这种病常与病毒寄生引起的出血病并发,或者与病菌寄生引起的鳃病,赤皮病并发,在5～9月水温20℃以上时最易流     

新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻锈病发生动态及影响因子

由罗布麻栅锈菌(Melampsora apocyni)引致的锈病是影响罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)产业化的主要因素之一。本研究于2016年调查了新疆阿勒泰地区盐湖、红沟两个野生罗布麻和6龄、7龄栽培罗布麻锈病的发生动态,分析了野生和栽培罗布麻锈病发生与气象因子和生境等的相关性。结果表明,锈病均随罗布麻生长期的延伸而加重,其中盐湖、红沟罗布麻锈病分别在7月18日、8月3日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为86.47%和87.60%,随后发病率逐渐下降,生长末期下降至75.97%和53.78%;6龄、7龄栽培区锈病发病率分别在8月7日、7月23日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为25.52%和31.49%。野生罗布麻锈病病情指数和病害曲线下面积(AUDPC)分别为31.39~46.18和651.74~1 522.31,较栽培罗布麻相应指标高6.51~6.95倍及4.37~9.69倍。野生区罗布麻锈病的发生与降水量和植被总盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性指数显著负相关(P0.05);栽培区罗布麻锈病的发生与罗布麻盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性显著负相关(P0.05)。     

Study of prostatic disease in dogs: 177 cases (1981-1986).

Historical and physical signs associated with prostatic disease diagnosed in dogs over a 5.5-year period were defined. One hundred seventy-seven male dogs were determined to have prostatic abnormality. Of the 177 dogs, 87 were determined to have specific prostatic disease. The most common prostatic disease identified in this study was bacterial prostatitis, followed by prostatic cyst, prostatic adenocarcinoma, and benign hyperplasia. The most common prostatic disease identified in neutered dogs was prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mean age at onset of prostatic disease was 8.9 years; statistically significant difference was not observed between age at onset of the various types of prostatic disease identified. Doberman Pinscher was the most common breed with prostate disease. Twenty-nine percent of dogs with a specifically identifiable prostatic disease had signs of systemic illness, 41% had signs of lower urinary tract disease, 28% had signs of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, and 13% had signs of locomotor difficulty.     

Evaluation of chicken infectious anemia virus and associated risk factors with disease and production losses in broilers

A case-control study was performed to determine the significance of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) as a risk factor associated with secondary disease in commercial broilers and to identify the significance of production losses associated with CIAV. The study also examined the relationship between bursal and thymic atrophy and the presence of CIAV. Cases were defined as submissions to the Alabama Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories with a history of clinical disease and with a diagnosis of coccidiosis, gangrenous dermatitis, or respiratory disease. Controls were selected from submissions with neither a history of disease nor evidence of disease on necropsy. CIAV was detected in fresh tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Both thymic atrophy and the detection of CIAV were significantly associated with a disease case (P < 0.05). Bursal atrophy was a significant risk factor associated with the detection of CIAV in a submission (P < 0.05). Whereas CIAV was associated with disease cases that showed production losses in both percentage of livability and percentage of condemnations (P < 0.05), detection of CIAV alone was not associated with detectable losses in production or flock performance.     

The utility of uric acid assay in dogs as an indicator of functional hepatic mass

Uric acid was used as a test for liver disease before the advent of enzymology. Three old studies criticised uric acid as a test of liver function. Uric acid, as an end-product of purine metabolism in the liver, deserved re-evaluation as a liver function test. Serum totalbile acids are widely accepted as the most reliable liver function test. This study compared the ability of serum uric acid concentration to assess liver function with that of serum pre-prandial bile acids in dogs. In addition, due to the renal excretion of uric acid the 2 assays were also compared in a renal disease group. Using a control group of healthy dogs, a group of dogs with congenital vascular liver disease, a group of dogs with non-vascular parenchymal liver diseases and a renal disease group, the ability of uric acid and pre-prandial bile acids was compared to detect reduced functional hepatic mass overall and in the vascular or parenchymal liver disease groups separately. Sensitivities, specificities and predictive value parameters were calculated for each test. The medians of uric acid concentration did not differ significantly between any of the groups, whereas pre-prandial bile acids medians were significantly higher in the liver disease groups compared with the normal and renal disease group of dogs. The sensitivity of uric acid in detecting liver disease overall was 65% while the specificity of uric acid in detecting liver disease overall was 59%. The sensitivity and specificity of uric acid in detecting congenital vascular liver disease was 68% and 59%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of uric acid in detecting parenchymal liver disease was 63% and 60%, respectively. The overall positive and negative predictive values for uric acid in detecting liver disease were poor and the data in this study indicated uric acid to be an unreliable test of liver function. In dogs suffering from renal compromise serum uric acid concentrations may increase into the abnormal range due to its renal route of excretion.     

Evaluation of disease activity markers in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical utility of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and microalbuminuria as disease activity markers in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS: Dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease for which no underlying cause could be identified were considered to have idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and were included in the study. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha was assessed using a canine-specific ELISA, C-reactive protein by immunoturbidometric assay and quantitative microalbuminuria was analysed using a monoclonal antibody directed against canine albumin. The canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and histopathologic grade were used to assess disease severity; biologic markers were then compared with the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and histopathologic grade. RESULTS: Sixteen dogs were included in the study. C-reactive protein level was mildly elevated in 15 dogs. Microalbuminuria was elevated in two of 15 dogs, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha was not detected in any dog tested. No correlation was found between the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and C-reactive protein or microalbuminuria or between histopathologic grade and C-reactive protein or microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between histopathologic grade and the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Although only a small number of dogs were evaluated, this study does not support the use of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha measured by canine-specific ELISA or microalbuminuria in the evaluation of disease activity in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Although mildly elevated in most dogs, C-reactive protein did not reflect disease severity as assessed by the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index or histopathologic grade.     

Spatio-temporal epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in two counties of Great Britain in 2001

The spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal features of the 2001 British foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in selected areas within the counties of Cumbria and Devon, which experienced the greatest incidence of disease, are described using hazard functions, extraction mapping and the space-time K-function. In Cumbria, the hazard of foot-and-mouth disease infection peaked at 2.8% in the week commencing 8 March 2001 and farm holdings in this area continued to be identified with disease to 12 September 2001. In contrast, peak infection hazard in Devon was 0.7% in the week commencing 15 March 2001 and eradication of the disease was achieved in this area by 31 May 2001. Persistence of the disease in Cumbria was consistent with: (1) many cattle holdings infected early in the epidemic (creating a high environmental viral load), and (2) a relatively large amount of medium-to-long-distance spread of the virus associated with seasonal farming activities-compounded to some extent by the movement of people and vehicles between disaggregated farm land parcels. The interaction of disease risk in Cumbria showed that premises remained infectious for longer throughout May, June and July, consistent with delays in disease detection during this period.     

Clinical features of epistaxis in dogs: a retrospective study of 35 cases (1999-2002)

Epistaxis was retrospectively evaluated in 35 dogs. Systemic disease was diagnosed in seven dogs and intranasal disease in 29. Nineteen dogs with intranasal disease had neoplasia. Dogs with neoplasia were older (mean 10.0 years) than dogs with nonneoplastic intranasal disease (mean 5.6 years). Signs persisting for >1 month occurred more often in dogs with intranasal than systemic disease. Unilateral epistaxis did not distinguish intranasal from systemic disease. Only dogs with intranasal disease had facial deformity, decreased airflow, or regional sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy. Dogs with systemic disease had a lower packed cell volume (mean 31.8%) than dogs with intranasal disease (mean 42.7%).     

A case-control study of factors associated with development of clinical disease due to West Nile virus, Saskatchewan 2003

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: West Nile virus (WNV) was first diagnosed in Saskatchewan equids in 2002. AWNV epidemic was considered highly likely for 2003, which would provide a unique opportunity to study all aspects of WNV subclinical infection and clinical disease development in a relatively naive population. HYPOTHESIS: There are individual equid attributes and management risk factors associated with development of clinical disease. Specifically, this study could address the question of vaccine efficacy for the prevention of development of clinical disease. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in the summer of 2003 during a province-wide outbreak of WNV. Between 5 and 10 equids were sampled from each of 23 case premises with clinical disease and 23 control premises with no apparent or confirmed clinical disease. Data were analysed to identify risk factors for the development of clinical disease. RESULTS: The proportion of equids serologically positive for natural exposure to West Nile virus was 64% (193/300). Nonvaccinated equids were 23 times (95%CI limits 3.0, 168.5, P = 0.002) more likely to develop clinical disease than those vaccinated. The estimate of vaccine efficacy in this field study was 96% (95%CI limits 67%, 99%). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that vaccination was strongly associated with the prevention of clinical disease. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Vaccination is an effective, practical method of prevention of clinical disease.     

Clinical utility of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for identifying cardiac disease in dogs and assessing disease severity

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic (NT-proBNP) concentration could be used to identify cardiac disease in dogs and to assess disease severity in affected dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS:119 dogs with mitral valve disease, 18 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 40 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES: Serum NT-proBNP concentration was measured with an ELISA validated for use in dogs. Results of physical examination, thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and serum biochemical analyses were recorded for dogs with cardiac disease. RESULTS:Serum NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with cardiac disease than in control dogs, and a serum NT-proBNP concentration > 445 pmol/L could be used to discriminate dogs with cardiac disease from control dogs with a sensitivity of 83.2% and specificity of 90.0%. In dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentration was correlated with heart rate, respiratory rate, echocardiographic heart size, and renal function. For dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentration could be used to discriminate dogs with and without radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly and dogs with and without congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that serum NT-proBNP concentration may be a useful adjunct clinical test for diagnosing cardiac disease in dogs and assessing the severity of disease in dogs with cardiac disease.     

Computed tomographic evidence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease: 2001-2004

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal disease is common in cats; chronic inflammatory disease and neoplasia are diagnosed most frequently. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in nasal disease have been reported, although involvement of other cranial structures has not been fully described to our knowledge. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that neoplastic or inflammatory obstruction of the auditory tube associated with sinonasal disease could result in CT evidence of effusive bulla disease in affected cats. ANIMALS: 46 cats with sinonasal disease, 18 control cats. METHODS: CT images acquired in cats with (n = 46) and without (n = 18) sinonasal disease were reviewed for evidence of concurrent bulla effusion. CT findings of soft tissue or fluid opacity within the tympanic bulla or thickening of the bone of the bullae were considered evidence of effusive bulla disease. RESULTS: The prevalence of bulla effusion in cats with sinonasal disease was 28% (13/46) and was significantly higher than that observed in cats without sinonasal disease (1/18, P = .043). CT findings that were found in association with effusive bulla disease included imaging features of sinusitis and nasopharyngeal disease. The most common neoplasm associated with bulla effusion was nasopharyngeal lymphoma. Bulla effusion was not observed in any cat with nasal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Findings of this study suggest that auditory canal dysfunction may play a larger role in feline sinonasal disease than was previously recognized. The implications of these findings for management of cats with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic sinonasal disease require further investigation.