The effect of feeding corn silage juices on selected indicators of metabolism in dairy cows given feed containing various proportions of silage and hay

In farm production conditions two comparative trials lasting 58 and 128 days were carried out. Acidogenic exposure to acids of silage juices, silage and haylage (lactic acid, acetic and butyric acids) in feed ration ranged from 0.33 to 2.85 mol per 100 kg live weight. It was proved that it was possible to include 9 to 10 litres of silage juices in feed ration under the condition that the total daily intake would not exceed 1.94 mol of acids per 100 kg live weight. This supplement of silage juices increased milk production. Higher amount of acid (2.65 and 2.85 mol) resulted in acidogenic and ketogenic type of silage juice enriched feed ration, which caused a more rapid decrease of lactation curve in dairy cows fed this feed ration than in those in the control group.     

Comparison of three different diets for organic broilers: effects on performance and body condition

1. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of 100% organic feed for organic broilers by comparing it with 80% organic feed (situation at the time of the experiment; 2004) and 95% organic feed (alternative). 2. Diets were optimised for nutritional value, allowing a maximum 10% increase in feed price when using 100% organic feedstuffs. This could only be achieved at the expense of the methionine content. 3. The birds were reared from 0 to 3 weeks of age in a broiler house in three groups of 500 broilers each on either an 80, a 95 or a 100% organic starter diet. At 3 weeks of age, they were transferred to 15 pens with an outdoor run. Each treatment group of 500 birds was divided into 5 groups of 95 and given an 80, a 95 or a 100% organic finisher diet. 4. Broilers receiving 100% organic feed reached a lower body weight and grew more slowly than those receiving 95% organic feed, mainly because of a lower feed intake. 5. Broilers on 95 or 100% organic feed had a higher incidence of breast blisters than broilers receiving 80% organic feed. 6. The cost price for meat from broilers that received 80% organic feed was euro1.83 per kg live weight. The cost prices for broilers that received 95 and 100% organic feed were euro1.84 (+0.8%) and euro1.93 (+5.4%) per kg live weight, respectively. 7. In conclusion, 95% organic feed led to a better performance than 100% organic feed in this study. Probably, the lower methionine content in the 100% organic feed negatively affected performance. The results for 95% organic feed were similar to 80% organic feed, except for a higher incidence of breast blisters.     

日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化性能及血清生化指标的影响,探讨辣木提取物作为饲料添加剂使用的有效性及最适添加量。试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡480只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础日粮;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素;3个辣木提取物试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25、0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物。试验期42d,分为1～21d和22～42d两个阶段。结果显示:①与对照组相比,抗生素组显著提高了42日龄肉鸡体重及各阶段平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05)。添加0.25、0.50g/kg辣木提取物可显著提高42日龄肉鸡体重及1～42日龄ADG(P<0.05),其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物效果较好。各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡的屠宰性能与肉品质均无显著差异(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,添加金霉素与0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),其中0.50g/kg辣木提取物组作用效果最佳;与抗生素组相比,添加辣木提取物显著降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。④与对照组相比,添加金霉素与辣木提取物组对肉鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。⑤与对照组相比,添加0.25、0.50及1.00g/kg辣木提取物组肉鸡死淘率降低到1.04%、3.13%和2.08%。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加辣木提取物能够提高肉鸡的增重和抗氧化性能、降低肉鸡死淘率,其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物的效果最佳。     

电子商务环境下农村地区饲料直播营销探讨

互联网技术的快速发展及交通物流运输效率的提升为电子商务发展提供了重要的基础和平台。电子商务为产品销售提供了全新的模式，有效节约了营销成本，提升了产品销量。在电子商务环境下衍生出了多种多样的营销渠道，其中电子商务与短视频直播的创新结合创造出电子商务直播这一新兴营销模式。目前，直播营销已成为广受消费者欢迎的营销形式，也是企业营销的重点领域之一。饲料行业开始尝试使用直播营销开展饲料产品的销售和推广，并取得一定的成果。但不少饲料生产企业和采购企业所在地是农村，相比于城镇地区，农村地区在互联网和交通物流基础设施建设上存在明显不足，制约直播营销的发展。因此，本文基于电子商务环境下直播营销的发展趋势和特点，进一步分析农村地区饲料直播营销的发展现状和困境，并提出有效的改进建议和措施，为农村地区饲料电商商务直播营销提供参考。 [关键词]电子商务|农村地区|饲料|直播营销     

饲养密度与饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲养密度与饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生长性能及其肉品质的影响,并探明饲养密度是否影响肉仔鸡的能量需要量。选用 ２周龄体重相近的爱拔益加（ＡＡ）肉仔鸡１１４０只（公母各占 １／２）,采用 ３×４两因子完全随机试验设计,包括 ３个代谢能水平（１２．３３、１２．７５和 １３．１７ＭＪ／ｋｇ）和 ４个饲养密度（１０、１６、２２、２８只／栏）,随机分为 １２个处理,每个处理 ５个重复,设置 ６０个相同的围栏,分栏饲养,围栏有效面积为 １．５ｍ２。正试期 ２８ｄ。结果表明：１）饲养密度和饲粮能量水平影响肉仔鸡的生长性能,但两者之间不存在交互作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）;高密度饲养极显著限制肉仔鸡平均日采食量（Ｐ＜０．０１）,导致平均日增重极显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但不影响料重比（Ｐ＞０．０５）;高能饲粮极显著降低肉仔鸡料重比（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提高平均日增重和出栏体重（Ｐ＜０．０１）;２）饲养密度对肉仔鸡胴体品质和肉品质影响较小,但饲粮不同能量水平可造成脂肪酸在体内沉积的差异,胸肌中多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸含量随饲粮能量水平提高而显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;３）保持良好的饲养环境,饲养密度不会造成肉仔鸡明显的免疫应激差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。综上所述,饲养密度和饲粮能量水平影响肉仔鸡生长性能,同时能量水平对肉品质造成较大影响。但在良好的饲养环境中,饲养密度并不影响肉仔鸡对能量的需要量,二者之间不存在交互作用。     

后期强限饲对肉仔鸡生产性能及血浆激素水平的影响

本试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将72只29日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机分为对照组(自由采食)和试验组(限饲量为自由采食量的50%),每个处理设6个重复,每重复6只鸡,饲养至49日龄,研究后期强限饲对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及血浆激素水平的影响。试验结果表明,试验组肉仔鸡49日龄活重、日增重降低,料肉比升高,胸肌率、腹脂率下降,血浆瘦素水平降低,且与对照组相比均呈显著差异(P<0.05);两处理间血浆胰岛素、神经肽Y(NPY)及皮质酮水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

中药复方提取物对肉鸡生产性能的影响

通过在吉林省某养殖集团实际养殖条件下使用中药制剂强普素,观察中药制剂"强普素"对白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响。以白羽肉鸡为试验对象,用已经在实验室及临床试验中确定好的中药制剂"强普素"在肉鸡中的添加量来添加(即1000kg饲料添加300g),饲喂49天,同时设抗生素对照组,饲料中添加4%黄霉素,每1000kg饲料中添加125g,基础日粮组为空白对照组,观察中药制剂"强普素"对白羽肉鸡成活率、增重、采食等方面的影响。结果:试验结果表明:中药制剂"强普素"能够平均提高成活率达4.44%(P0.05);料肉比平均下降0.05(P0.05)。本中药制剂"强普素"能显著增强白羽肉鸡的抗病力以提高成活率、增重等生产性能并优于抗生素对照组。     

The effect of cellulase on calves fed an acidified milk diet]

The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of 3 j Cx cellulase applied per gram of COT concentrate mixture, fed in combination with a milk diet acidified by formic acid to the value of pH 4.6, on calf growth performance in one metabolism and two field experiments. In the metabolism experiment two groups of calves, with six animals in each, were fed acidified whole milk, which was diluted stage by stage till weaning at 60 days of age. The average live weight gain in the control at the end of the milk feeding period, i.e. from 14 to 60 days of age, was 29.90 kg. This corresponds to a daily live weight gain of 0.650 g. The total live weight gain of male calves in the experimental group was 29.30 kg, corresponding to a daily live weight gain of 0.638 g (Tab. I). Tab. II shows the average feed and nutrient intakes per kg live weight gain. The calves which received the enzyme supplement tend to have the higher feed conversion rate. During the forage feeding period, i.e. from 61 to 90 days of age, the average daily live weight gains were 1.10 kg and 0.980 kg in the control and experimental groups, respectively (Tab. III). The average live weight of 90 days old male calves was 107.70 kg and 103.90 kg in the control and experimental groups, respectively. The amount of consumed nutrients (digestible protein and starch units); in relation to the total feed intakes, is lower in the experimental groups, which proves the higher feed conversion rate (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

为研究日粮硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响,试验选用380只1日龄Arbor Acres（AA）肉公雏,1~21日龄统一饲喂同种正常添加无机硒的玉米-豆粕型日粮（含硒0.47 mg/kg）,于22日龄从中选取体重接近的336只鸡,随机分成6个处理组,每组7个重复,每个重复8只鸡。分别饲喂不添加硒的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮（对照组,含硒0.015 mg/kg）和在基础日粮中分别添加0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40和0.50 mg/kg硒（以亚硒酸钠形式添加）的试验日粮,试验期21 d。结果表明,日粮中添加不同硒水平对22~42日龄肉仔鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响（P>0.05）;日粮中添加不同硒水平对42日龄肉仔鸡腿肌剪切力和胸肌肉色L^*值有显著影响（P<0.05）,其中添加0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的腿肌剪切力最低,添加0.20和0.50 mg/kg硒处理组肉鸡的胸肌肉色L^*值最低,但其他肉质性状指标在各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平硒对22~42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能与42日龄肉仔鸡胴体性状均无显著影响,但日粮中添加0.50 mg/kg硒降低了腿肌剪切力和胸肌L^*值,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。     

Effect of exogenous administration of steroids during the 1st month of pregnancy in sows and gilts on certain characteristics of the litter

Four trials were performed to evaluate the influence of i. m. application of progesterone and estrogens to 444 experimental and control sows and gilts, kept mostly under large-scale production conditions, during the first month of pregnancy, as exerted on the number of born piglets, live born piglets and on the average birth weight of the live born piglet in litter. In the first trial the experimental sows and gilts on the 16th and 17th days of gravidity were applied 25 mg of progesterone (P4) and 12.5 micrograms of estrone (E1), in the second trial in the same phase of gravidity 25 mg of P4 with 1.25 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and in the third trial in the identical gestation phase only 12.5 micrograms of E2 per head/day. In the fourth trial, experimental animals were given 0.55 mg of P4 with 0.275 micrograms of E1 per one kg of live weight, for six subsequent days between the 25th and 30th day of gravidity. In all trials the control animals were administered, under the same conditions, only the vehicle. None of the performed trials proved a significant difference in the studied parameters of litters of experimental and control animals (P greater than 0.05). The application of 25 mg of P4 with 1.25 micrograms of E2 on the 16th and 17th days of gravidity per sow/day under the conditions of small-scale production with the extension of the evaluated criteria of litter quality had no significant influence (P greater than 0.5) on the above-mentioned indicators, nor on the average birth weight of the whole litter and on the average number and weight of piglets of experimental sows at weaning. These results document that the verified application of hormonal substances in the above-mentioned phases of the first month of sow and gilt gravidity do not represent, in view of the intensive reproduction of pigs, a suitable procedure.     

Effects of dietary vitamin K levels on bone quality in broilers.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin K (menadione) on bone quality in cage-raised broilers. Three hundred and sixty male broilers were randomly allotted to one of six treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 chicks per pen. Broilers were fed one of six diets including a control diet or the control diet plus graded levels of vitamin K (0.5 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 32 mg/kg and 128 mg/kg). Water and feed were provided ad libitum during the 7-week experimental period. Results indicated that vitamin K supplementation of broilers diets significantly effected bone quality and feed efficiency. The treatment containing vitamin K at 8 mg/kg improved growth performance (during weeks 6-7) and bone quality (during weeks 0-3). In our study, hydroxyapatite binding capacity of serum osteocalcin (during weeks 0-3), bone breaking strength, bone flexibility, bone ash weight increased linearly (P < 0.05) and bone mineral density, bone mineral content increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing supplementation of vitamin K. In conclusion, to gain optimum bone quality and broiler performance, our studies suggest that the concentration of vitamin K in broilers diets should be 8 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg, for the starter, grower and finisher phases, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the starter period is an important phase for improving bone quality. In addition, this study validated the mechanism of vitamin K effects on bone quality. Vitamin K boosts the carboxylation of osteocalcin and decreases the concentration of serum under-carboxylated osteocalcin enhancing hydroxyapatite binding capacity of serum osteocalcin and improving bone quality.     

Application of risk-rated profit model functions in estimation of economic values for indigenous chicken breeding

The economic values for productive (egg number, average daily gain, live weight, and mature weight) and functional (fertility, hatchability, broodiness, survival rate, feed intake, and egg weight) traits were derived for three production systems utilizing indigenous chicken in Kenya. The production systems considered were free-range, semi-intensive, and intensive system and were evaluated based on fixed flock size and fixed feed resource production circumstances. A bio-economic model that combined potential performances, feeding strategies, optimum culling strategies, farmer's preferences and accounted for imperfect knowledge concerning risk attitude of farmers and economic dynamics was employed to derive risk-rated economic values. The economic values for all the traits were highest in free-range system under the two production circumstances and decreased with level of intensification. The economic values for egg number, average daily gain, live weight, fertility, hatchability, and survival rate were positive while those for mature weight, broodiness, egg weight, and feed intake were negative. Generally, the economic values estimated under fixed feed resource production circumstances were higher than those derived under fixed flock size. The difference between economic values estimated using simple (traditional) and risk-rated profit model functions ranged from -47.26% to +67.11% indicating that inclusion of risks in estimation of economic values is important. The results of this study suggest that improvement targeting egg number, average daily gain, live weight, fertility, hatchability, and survival rate would have a positive impact on profitability of indigenous chicken production in Kenya.     

肉牛强度育肥高新技术应用效果

经调查，山西省某国营煤矿肉牛育肥场，聘请高级科技人员，采用最新的科研成果－－Ｅ－Ｎ和ＸＤＣＰ蛋白新体系，配套应用添加剂和饲管新技术，使强度育肥生产技术经济指标达到罗高水平。８８头育肥牛平均饲养１４２ｄ，日增重１．３２ｋｇ，料重比２．４４。其中始３００ｋｇ以上的２１头，强度育肥９８ｄ，日增重２．２９ｋｇ，料重比１．８９。按市价计算，每增重１ｋｇ毛刺３．８７元，头均１１２８．６２元，取得了育肥期短，增     

不同锰源与锰水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和组织矿物元素沉积的影响

为研究不同锰源与锰水平对肉仔鸡的生产性能与组织矿物元素沉积的影响,试验采用2×5完全随机试验设计,在玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg)中添加0、45、90、130、180mg/kg(5个锰添加水平)的复合氨基酸锰和硫酸锰(2种锰源),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,开展肉仔鸡饲养试验(共42d)。于35日龄时测定其生产性能指标,计算料肉比;于42日龄时测定其胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、铁、锌浓度以及胫骨灰分、钙及磷含量。结果表明,在上述日粮中,锰添加量在45~130mg/kg时,无论是添加复合氨基酸锰组还是添加硫酸锰组35日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量较未添加组差异显著(P≤0.05),经分析,锰水平对其平均体重及采食量有极显著影响(P<0.01);不同锰源的35日龄肉仔鸡体重、采食量、料肉比差异不显著(P >0.05)。42日龄肉仔鸡胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、锌、铁含量及胫骨灰分、钙磷含量未受锰源和锰水平及两者互作的显著影响(P >0.05)。由以上结果可以得出,锰水平对肉仔鸡生长性能有极显著影响(P<0.01);锰源对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P >0.05);锰源和锰水平及两者互作对肉仔鸡组织矿物元素沉积无显著影响(P >0.05)。     

仙湖肉鸭配套系的选育进展

为了进一步稳定和提高仙湖肉鸭配套系的质量和生产性能水平,利用佛山科学技术学院科研禽场仙湖肉鸭核心群第6世代的种鸭,采用家系选育和个体选育相结合的品系选育方法,经过4个世代的系统选育,获得了较大的遗传进展。第10世代A系肉鸭49日龄平均活重达3.89千克,饲料转化率为2.69,胸腿肌率达24.3%;B系第9世代种鸭64周龄平均产蛋量达210个,种蛋受精率和入孵蛋孵化率分别为88.4%、83.5%。     

Effects of Bile Acid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of White Feather Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胆汁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和脂类代谢的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.071)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量有降低趋势(P=0.054),血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.090)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸可以降低白羽肉鸡料重比,提高屠宰率,对脂类代谢有一定的改善作用。     

Investigation on the Production Performance of gE Antibody Positive Sows in Pig Farms Infected with Wild Type Pseudorabies Virus

Pseudorabies (PR) is caused by the Pseudorabies virus (PRV). It is an acute and hot highly contagious disease infecting livestock and a wide range of wild animals. In order to investigate the relationship between latent infection of Pseudorabies virus and sow production performance,this study collected production parameters of first-parity sows with wild virus gE positive and negtive in a Pseudorabies positive stable intensive farm, including total litter size, healthy litter size, weak litter size, stillbirths, mummified fetus, litter weight, number of weaning live, number of weaning qualified and weaning weight. And compared the production performance of PRV gE antibody negative and positive sows in the same intensive pig farm. The study showed that each PRV gE antibody negative sow could produce 11.96 live piglets per parity. Additionally, PRV gE antibody negative sow could provide more alive, weaning and weaning qualified piglets per parity than infection sows, which were 0.63, 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. Although the average birth weight and average weaning weight of piglets produced by PRV gE antibody positive sows were higher than those produced by negative sows, the weaning qualified rate of antibody negative sows was higher than that of antibody positive sows, indicating that the weaning live piglets produced by antibody negative sows had higher uniformity. In summary, the production performance of PRV gE antibody positive sows was lower than that of the negative sows. Eradication of PR can bring higher profit to the pig farm. Pig farm should actively eradicate the PR.     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒感染猪场的gE抗体阳性头胎母猪生产成绩调查

伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies，PR）是由伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus，PRV）感染多种野生动物及家畜引起的急性、热性的高度接触性传染病。为掌握PRV隐性感染对头胎母猪生产成绩的影响，本研究跟踪调查某一PRV野毒阳性稳定万头母猪场中野毒gE抗体阴性和阳性的头胎母猪总产仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数、仔猪初生窝重以及断奶活仔数、断奶合格仔数、仔猪断奶重等不同生产成绩指标，探索相同饲养条件下伪狂犬病对头胎母猪各生产指标的影响。结果发现，每头PRV野毒gE抗体阴性头胎母猪每窝平均可产11.96头活仔猪，比gE抗体阳性母猪每胎次多产活仔0.63头，以及每胎次可多提供0.18头断奶活仔，每胎次多提供0.28头断奶合格仔。虽然PRV野毒gE抗体阳性母猪所产仔猪初生均重及断奶均重均高于gE抗体阴性母猪所产仔猪，但gE抗体阴性母猪所产仔猪断奶合格率高于gE抗体阳性母猪，表明其断奶活仔整齐度更高。综上，PRV野毒gE抗体阳性的头胎母猪生产成绩低于gE抗体阴性母猪，伪狂犬病的净化可为猪场带来更高的经济效益，表明伪狂犬病的净化至关重要。     

促生长型中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡,采用单因素完全随机化试验设计,研究在饲料中添加促生长型中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验共设3个处理组,每个处理纽4个重复,每个重复100只。对照组喂基础日粮,试验I组和试验II组分别在相同基础日粮中添加0．75％和1％的促生长型中草药添加剂。结果表明,促生长型中草药添加剂可使1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡在48个饲养日内死亡率降低3．5个百分点,单位鸡只平均增重和料重比分别提高3．53％（P〈0．05）和4．35％（P〈0．05）。     

Effects of Increasing Stocking Density on the Performance and Ileal Microbiota of Broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing stocking density under suitable environmental conditions on the performance and ileal microbiota of broilers. A total of 108 Arbor Acres male broilers (28 days old) were allocated to a normal stocking density (NSD, normal stocking density; 31 kg/m²) and a maximum allowed stocking density group (MSD, maximum stocking density; 39 kg/m²). All birds were reared at a constant temperature of 21°C. At 42 days of age, bacterial DNA was extracted from ileal content, and the V3–4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA was amplified. Increasing stocking density had no significant effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). The alpha and beta diversities of the ileal microbiomes did not differ significantly between the NSD and MSD groups; however, increasing stocking density altered the composition of ileal microbiota. The relative abundance of Lactobacillales, including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus, significantly decreased in MSD broilers, compared with NSD broilers. The present results suggest that even under suitable environmental conditions, an increase in stocking density to a level of 39 kg/m² may disturb the composition of ileal microbiota in broilers. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons and the potential consequences for animal health and physiology.