犬、母牛和马主动脉瓣心内膜炎超声心动图的特征

细菌性心内膜炎是一种累及心瓣膜的严重疾患。虽然三尖瓣受损害常常发生在牛,而二尖瓣和主动脉瓣增生则最常见于犬、猫和马。超声心动图可用以显示心室和瓣膜的图象。因此,这项技术对诊断细菌性心内膜炎具有潜在的价值。过去的报告已说明超声心动图可应用于诊断牛的三尖瓣赘生物以及诊断犬、猫和马的二尖瓣赘生物的病例(在剖检上已确证的)。在本报告中,我们记述一例犬、母牛和马的主动脉瓣心内膜炎的超声心动图的特征。3个病例提供了主动脉瓣心内膜炎的动物可以记录下来的超声心动图的实际资料。     

犬瓣膜性心脏病

犬瓣膜性心脏病属获得性瓣膜性心脏疾病,是导致犬心力衰竭最常见的病因。瓣膜性心脏病通常是一种慢性退化病,主要包括心内膜炎和黏液瘤二尖瓣瓣膜性疾病。该疾病通常影响二尖瓣功能,并导致二尖瓣反流。二尖瓣反流的结果会使左心室泵血容量增多,进而引起左心室和左心房的体积代偿性增大。1早期症状犬瓣膜性心脏病早期症状表现为由二尖瓣闭锁不全引起的持久性左心室收缩期杂音。Sevp等人研究表明,出现心杂音,     

犬瓣膜性心脏病

<正>犬瓣膜性心脏病属获得性瓣膜性心脏疾病,是导致犬心力衰竭最常见的病因。瓣膜性心脏病通常是一种慢性退化病,主要包括心内膜炎和黏液瘤二尖瓣瓣膜性疾病。该疾病通常影响二尖瓣功能,并导致二尖瓣反流。二尖瓣反流的结果会使左心室泵血容量增多,进而引起左心室和左心房的体积代偿性增大。1早期症状犬瓣膜性心脏病早期症状表现为由二尖瓣闭锁不全引起的持久性左心室收缩期杂音。Sevp等人研究表明,出现心杂音,心肥大的骑士查理王小猎犬3     

53例犬二尖瓣退行性病变的超声心动图诊断

二尖瓣的退行性病变是犬最常见的获得性心脏疾病,约占临床心脏病例的75%,其病因主要是二尖瓣瓣膜发生渐进性的黏液瘤样病变,使瓣膜结构发生增厚、脱垂、蜷曲甚至腱索断裂,造成二尖瓣闭锁不全,导致二尖瓣反流,进而发展为左心的充血性心力衰竭。二尖瓣的退行性病变的诊断,主要通过病史、临床症状、听诊、X线检查、超声心动图检查。超声心     

犬慢性房室瓣膜疾病引起心脏衰竭的诊断与治疗

房室瓣膜慢性病变和房室瓣膜变性是导致犬心力衰竭性疾病的主要病因[1]。犬步入老年后,房室瓣膜胶原蛋白不同程度慢性变性,房室瓣膜边缘形成小结节,逐渐变大并形成斑块,导致房室瓣膜形态学的改变。房室瓣膜病变严重者,房室瓣膜变厚、缩短和蜷曲,房室瓣膜机能不全,犬心脏发生病理生理学变化并表现相应的心力衰竭性疾病的临床症状。1基本资料西施犬,雄性,14岁,体重7 kg。主诉:1年前开始偏瘦,不耐运动,食欲和大小便正常。病犬1周前发热、流鼻水,似感冒,疲倦,食欲下降至废绝,腹部逐渐隆起,而此之前食欲很好,无咳嗽、呕吐、腹泻等其他症状。曾进…     

家畜急性、慢性心内膜炎的治疗

正1急性心内膜炎急性心内膜炎是指心内膜及其瓣膜的急性炎症性疾病。各种家畜都能发生,以猪发生最多,牛和马次之。1.1病因大多数由感染引起。牛,主要是化脓棒状杆菌和溶血性链球菌;猪,为猪丹毒杆菌和链球菌;羔羊,为埃希氏大肠菌和链球菌;马,为马腺疫链球菌及其他化脓菌;犬,为溶血性链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌等。也可由心包炎、心肌炎、胸膜炎等邻近器官的炎症蔓延而发病。1.2症状一般都有发热、心动过速、心内器质性杂音和心力衰竭,     

成年奶牛的细菌性心内膜炎

细菌性心内膜炎是成年牛心脏病的主要原因。对本病的发生尚未解释清楚,但人们认为导致持久的或周期性菌血症的慢性活动性感染是一种诱发因索。发生心内膜炎的奶牛没有预先存在的瓣膜损害的迹象。可是,诸如在具有自高压到低压的高速血流的部位所形成的血流动力是病灶部位的重要决定因子。按照发病率和死亡率的部分普查的40头细菌性心内膜炎奶牛的临床和病原方面的资料作了报导。自从本研究以来,大多数文献资料只对牛心内膜炎病例进行了报导。本报告对31例成年奶牛细菌性心内膜炎的临床症状、实验室研究结果、病因和转归作了报导,并重点强调该病的先兆症状及其对治疗的反应。     

犬霉菌性皮肤病的诊治

犬霉菌性皮肤病是一类真菌性人畜共患传染病,临床上屡见不鲜,本病病原主要为小孢子菌属真菌.常侵害犬皮肤、被毛或足趾角质层蛋白组织等,引起犬的各种皮肤病,最常见的为犬小孢子菌感染后发生的"钱癣",又称"秃毛癣".由于本病主要临床症状表现为脱毛、瘙痒,因此极易与疥螨、湿疹、脓皮症等相混淆,故临床上及时正确诊断该类病症很重要.     

犬结石症的诊疗

犬的结石症是犬的一种常见症、多发症,若不出现临床症状,结石症可长期存在而不被发现.因此,掌握犬结石症的诊断与治疗方法对于兽医临床工作者具有十分重要的意义.     

边境牧羊犬感染吉氏巴贝斯虫的诊断和治疗

犬巴贝斯虫病是经蜱传播的血液原虫病,是由寄生于犬红细胞中的巴贝斯虫引起的.该病临床症状主要为高热、贫血、黄疸和血红蛋白尿等,严重时可导致死亡.因此,对于犬巴贝斯虫病的诊断与治疗刻不容缓.本文对重庆动物医院接诊的一例患病犬进行临床观察以及血常规、PCR等实验室检测,最终确诊为犬吉氏巴贝斯虫病.经过治疗后,患病犬病症趋于好...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein